Managing fleet capacity effectively under second-hand market redistribution

Full text : http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00102/21288/19569.pdf (Author's final draft, 0.54 Mo)International audienceFishing capacity management policies have been traditionally implemented at national level with national targets for capacity reduction. More recently, capacity management policies have increasingly targeted specific fisheries. French fisheries spatially vary along the French coastline and are associated to specific regions. Capacity management policies however ignore the capital mobility associated with second-hand vessel trade between regions. This is not an issue for national policies but could limit the effectiveness of regional capacity management policies. A gravity model and a random-effect Poisson regression model are used to analyse the determinants and spatial extent of the second-hand market in France. This study is based on panel data from the French Atlantic Ocean between 1992 and 2009. The trade flows between trading partners is found to increase with their sizes and to be spatially concentrated. Despite the low trade flows between regions, a net impact analysis shows that fishing capacity is redistributed by the second-hand market to regions on the Channel and Aquitaine from central regions. National capacity management policies (constructions/destructions) have induced a net decrease in regional fleet capacity with varying magnitude across regions. Unless there is a change of policy instruments or their scale of implementation, the operation of the second-hand market decreases the effectiveness of regional capacity management policies in regions on the Channel and Aquitaine

How constrained? Entry into the French Atlantic fishery through second-hand vessel purchase

International audienceOver the past decades fisheries policies have been mainly aimed at encouraging capacity reduction in over-exploited fisheries. Correspondingly, research has focused on developing incentives to exit fisheries rather than investigating entry behaviour. However, with ageing and also fewer fishery participants, concern regarding sectoral renewal is increasing. The second-hand market is an important entry point for first-time owners because it potentially reduces capital constraints by supplying cheaper vessels than newly built ones. The aim of this study is to test whether new fishers entering the industry face greater capital constraints than fishers already in the industry, taking the second-hand market as our population of interest. We model new entry into the fishing sector using 18 years of French Atlantic fleet data with a logit model. We incorporate trade network variables and family connections indicative of the relationship and connections between market traders potentially reducing capital constraints. As expected, we find that first entry is more likely by younger owners for older and cheaper vessels. This suggests that first-time owners are more capital constrained than fishers already trading on the second-hand market. Capital constraints are reduced by geographical proximity and increased integration into a trading network

Increased Technology Provision and Learning: Giving More for Nothing?

The development of new communication technologies has led to a push for greater technology use for teaching and learning. This is most true for distance learning education, which relies heavily on new technologies. Distance learning students, however, seem to have very limited time available for studying and learning because of work and/or family commitments. This paper focuses on the actual use by distance learning students of different teaching and learning resources and their associated teaching technologies (learning tools). The organisation of one module has been conceptualised as a toolbox, encompassing all the learning tools provided to students. This toolbox also explicitly includes an embedded priority system for the examination of available learning resources, conceptualised as a traffic-light toolbox in this paper. Results from a survey on the resources actually used by students show that students are indeed time-constrained. Students consequently follow the priority system embedded into the module and do not use non-examinable resources much. This paper concludes that students’ specific needs or situations need to be considered for the design of an effective learning toolbox, as opposed to just providing a bundle of learning tools that may be effective on their own

Increased Technology Provision and Learning: Giving More for Nothing?

International audienceThe development of new communication technologies has led to a push for greater technology use for teaching and learning. This is most true for distance learning education, which relies heavily on new technologies. Distance learning students, however, seem to have very limited time available for studying and learning because of work and/or family commitments. This paper focuses on the actual use by distance learning students of different teaching and learning resources and their associated teaching technologies (“learning tools”). The organisation of one module has been conceptualised as a toolbox, encompassing all the learning tools provided to students. This toolbox also explicitly includes an embedded priority system for the examination of available learning resources, conceptualised as a “traffic-light toolbox” in this paper. Results from a survey on the resources actually used by students show that students are indeed time-constrained. Students consequently follow the priority system embedded into the module and do not use non-examinable resources much. This paper concludes that students’ specific needs or situations need to be considered for the design of an effective learning toolbox, as opposed to just providing a bundle of learning tools that may be effective on their own

Course script for the 1st ELD Initiative Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on ‘The Economics of Land Degradation - Assessing the socio-economic benefits of land ecosystems.’ March 5 – May 17, 2014

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Paying for Water in Uganda: Is Paying Upstream Land Users a Possible Solution?

International audienceThe Millennium Ecosystem Assessment has generated greater official recognition that ecosystems provide valuable services to humankind. For example, watersheds provide water supply and water purification services by acting as primary receivers of rainwater and channeling water flows within water basins. Traditional economic markets however fail to capture the full value of such services, limiting the effectiveness of market-based projects for improved natural watersheds management. Market-based instruments can help to rationalize the benefits provided by ecosystems against the cost of natural resource conservation, but only when encompassing the full range of ecosystem services provided. The Chuho springs watershed in Kisoro District, Uganda presents an example of upstream land degradation due to intensive agricultural practices. Such upstream land degradation results in a lowered water supply to downstream users. The objective of this study is to assess the potential for the establishment of a payment for ecosystem services (PES) approach, with downstream water users paying upstream land users for improved water supply. Such a PES approach would ensure that upstream land users have an incentive to adapt their agricultural practices so as to allow for an improved water supply downstream and indirectly contributing to reduce upstream land degradation. This assessment is based on responses from focus groups with respondents selected from official local project documents and population registers. Trends and patterns are identified in the group discussions after coding and frequency analysis. While the study revealed clear potential for PES establishment, the fragmented landscape and historical lack of collaboration between the upstream and downstream communities would hinder successful implementation. A possible solution could be to use intermediaries to represent each group. Such a set up would have upstream land users selling improved practices, possibly through NGOs already working with the users acting as intermediaries, to only one buyer representing downstream consumers such as the National Water and Sewerage Corporation. IAEA Chuho Springs, located north of Kisoro town in southwestern Uganda, are being tapped as a local water supply

Course script for the 2nd ELD Initiative Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on ‘Options and pathways for action: Stakeholder Engagement’ May 5 – June 29, 2015

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