Poultry offal meal in broiler chicken feed

An outstanding feature of poultry production that provides animal protein yield for human feeding is its short production cycle. This characteristic has a linear relationship with waste production. Increasing the inclusion of this residue in diets in the near future is desirable in step with the growth of poultry production since it offers a better environmental and nutritional alternative to current methods. We evaluated the effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens produced by the inclusion of poultry offal meal (POM) in their feed. Treatments consisted of a control diet (corn, Zea mays and soybean, Glycine max) and four diets with inclusion of 30, 60, 90 and 120 g kg-1 of POM. The diets were formulated based on the level of digestible amino acid once categorized as isocalcic, isophosphoric, isosodic, isoenergetic and isonutritive for protein, methionine+cystine, lysine and threonine. The feed's electrolytes were corrected so that each diet had the same electrolytic balance. The variables analyzed were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, body weight, carcass yield, chicken cut yield and abdominal fat. Feed intake was not affected by the quantities of POM added. The weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and noble cuts presented quadratic responses to the treatments. Abdominal fat increased linearly. The performance of the poultry, and carcass characteristics were maximized by the inclusion of 53 and 65 g kg-1, respectively, of POM in the diet, and the inclusion of 120 g kg-1 of POM provided greater disposition of abdominal fat

Efeito do complexo enzimático no valor energético e nutricional de dietas e desempenho de frangos de corte

A fim de avaliar o complexo enzimático Bioenzima® (CE) em dietas de frangos de corte foram realizados quatro ensaios de digestibilidade no Laboratório de digestibilidade de não-ruminantes do Departamento de Zootecnia (DZ) da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). As aves foram alojadas em gaiolas metabólicas e distribuídas num delineamento inteiramente casualizados com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Em cada parcela foram alojadas 10, 8, 5 e 4 aves, respectivamente às idades de 1 a 10, de 11 a 20 dias (fase inicial) e de 21 a 30 e 31 a 40 dias (fase de crescimento). O primeiro tratamento foi denominado controle e não continha o complexo enzimático (D1), o segundo foi o controle positivo, com inclusão de150 ppm do complexo enzimático (D2) e os demais foram denominados dietas testes (D3, D4 e D5), pois além do complexo enzimático na concentraçao de 150 ppm, apresentaram uma valorização na composição química do milho, farelo de soja e farelo de trigo em 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5%, com relação aos valores de energia metabolizável, proteína bruta, aminoácidos limitantes, cálcio e fósforo disponível. O complexo enzimático era composto de amilase, β-glucanase, fitase, protease, pectinase e xilanase. Foram avaliados a energia metabolizável aparente e a aparente corrigida para balanço de nitrogênio, digestibilidade ileal de matéria seca e proteína bruta, retenção de fósforo total das dietas experimentais, bem como parâmetros de desempenho zootécnico das aves. Em ambos os experimentos da fase inicial e no primeiro da fase de crescimento, o complexo enzimático da Bioenzima melhorou a digestibilidade em dietas à base de milho, farelo de soja e farelo de trigo valorizados em até 2,5%, enquanto que, no período de 31 a 40 dias de idade, o complexo enzimático utilizado melhorou a digestibilidade das dietas experimentais em até 5%, visto que exerceu efeito compensatório sobre a digestibilidade dessas dietas, sem comprometer o desempenho zootécnico.In order to analyze the enzymatic Bioenzima® complex (EC) on digestibility of broiler’s diets, four trials were conducted in the Animal Science department at University Federal Rural of Pernambuco. The birds were allocated in cages and distributed completely randomized design, five treatments and six replications with 10, 8, 5 and 4 birds/replication, respectively to each trail (1 to 9 days old, 11 to 20 days old – starter phase; and 21 to 30 days old, 31 to 40 days old – grower phase). The first treatment was called control diet without EC (D1), the second one was positive control with 150 ppm EC (D2) and three another treatment was called test diets, besides 150 ppm of EC also had overestimated nutrient composition (metabolizable energy, crude protein, calcium, available phosphorus and essential amino acids) of ingredients corn, soybean meal and wheat meal in 2.5% (D3), 5.0% (D4) and 7.5% (D5). The enzymatic complex had amylase, ᵦ-glucanase, phytase, cellulase, protease, pectinase and xylanase. The broiler performance and apparent metabolizable energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen, ileal digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of diets and phosphorus retention were evaluated. In conclusion, in both experiments of starter phase and until the growing phase 21 to 30 days old, the EC improved the digestibility of broiler’s diets based in corn, soybean meal and wheat meal overestimated in 2,5%, although, in the last growing phase (31 to 40 days old), the EC used improved de digestibility of diets until 5%, because showed compensatory effect on diets digestibility and it didn’t impair the performance of broiler.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPE

Effect of broiler chicken age on ileal digestibility of corn germ meal

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o efeito da idade sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal aparente dos nutrientes, da energia bruta e os valores de energia digestível do gérmen integral de milho para frangos de corte. Quatro ensaios de digestibilidade foram realizados com 280 aves de corte (Cobb 500) distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados consistiram das diferentes idades das aves: 10, 20, 30 e 40 dias. A quantidade de aves utilizadas nos ensaios foram: dez, oito, seis e quatro em cada unidade experimental, nas diferentes idades avaliadas, respectivamente. Os resultados foram analisados considerando-se como variável dependente a digestibilidade ileal aparente da matéria seca, da proteína bruta, do extrato etéreo e da energia bruta, matéria seca digestível, proteína bruta digestível, extrato etéreo digestível e energia digestível e como variável independente as idades (10, 20, 30 e 40 dias). Os resultados obtidos para as variáveis analisadas revelaram que a idade da ave exerceu influência apenas nos coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal da matéria seca e da energia bruta. A energia digestível do gérmen integral de milho aumentou cerca de 13 kcal kg-1 dia-1 até a idade avaliada (40 dias).The objective of this research study was to evaluate the effect of age on the apparent ileal digestibility coefficient of nutrients, gross energy and digestible energy of corn germ meal for broilers. Four digestibility trials were conducted using 280 broilers (Cobb 500) distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments and five replications, repeated at four ages (10, 20, 30 and 40 days). The number of birds used in the tests was 10, 8, 6 and 4 birds per experimental unit at the different ages. The results were analyzed considering as dependent variable the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and gross energy, digestible dry matter, digestible crude protein, lipid and digestible energy; and ages (10, 20, 30 and 40 days) as the independent variable. The results for the variables showed that bird age exerted influence only in the ileal digestibility of dry matter and gross energy. The digestible energy of corn germ meal increased by about 13 kcal kg-1 day-1 up to the evaluated age (40 days).Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Sugarcane yeast inclusion for broilers at post-hatch

ABSTRACT A total of 450 one-day-old male broiler chicks were used to evaluate the effect of the sugarcane yeast on performance, body composition, and development of the intestinal mucosa. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 15 birds. Sugarcane yeast was included in the experimental diets at the levels of 0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0 g kg−1. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion were determined. At the end of the experiment, four broiler chicks were slaughtered per experimental unit: two were used for evaluation of moisture content, crude protein, fat, and body ash and the other two were used in the collection of small-intestine segments for evaluation of villus height and crypt depth. The increasing yeast levels resulted in a linear increase in feed intake and feed conversion. Inclusion of more than 14.4 g kg−1 yeast resulted in a reduction of body ash content. Villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum showed maximum values at the sugarcane yeast levels of 20.9 and 20.6 g kg−1, respectively. In the ileum, the crypt depth reduction at the level of 25.6 g kg−1 also resulted in an increase in villus:crypt ratio. Yeast inclusion increases feed intake and feed conversion, improves body mineral absorption, and increases villus height in the jejunum and the villus:crypt ratio in the ileum of broiler chicks

Desempenho, digestibilidade, composição corporal e morfologia intestinal de pintos de corte recebendo dietas contendo levedura de cana-de-açúcar = Performance, digestibility, body composition and gut morphology of broiler chicks fed diets containing yeast cane sugar

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, a digestibilidade das dietas, a retenção corporal de nutrientes e o desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal de pintos de corte de 1 a 8 dias de idade, alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de levedura de cana-de-açúcar. Utilizou-se 300 pintos de corte, com um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, composto de cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de 10 aves. Os tratamentos consistiram de níveis crescentes de 0; 1,25; 2,5; 3,75 e 5,0% de inclusão de levedura. Não houve efeito da levedura sobre o desempenho zootécnico. Houve redução no coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da energia bruta, na energia metabolizável aparente e a aparente corrigida com os níveis crescentes. O nível de 2,09% promoveu menor retenção corporal de proteína bruta, enquanto a retenção de gordura foi linear crescente. A altura de vilos e relação vilo:cripta do jejuno aumentou linearmente, a profundidade das criptas do íleo apresentaram menorprofundidade no nível de 2,40% de levedura. A inclusão da levedura de cana-de-açúcar até 5% em dietas de pintos na fase pré-inicial não afeta o desempenho zootécnico, proporciona melhor desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal; entretanto, reduz a energia metabolizável das dietas e aumenta a retenção de gordura corporal.The objective was to evaluate the performance, digestibility of diets, body retention of nutrients and the development of intestinalmucosa of post hatching broilers, of one up to eight day old, fed diets containing different levels of sugar cane yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). It was used 300 one day old chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 10 birds. The treatments consisted of increasing levels of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0% inclusion of yeast. No effect of yeast on performance. There was a reduction in the coefficients of apparent metabolizable of gross energy, apparent metabolizable energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance with increasing levels. The level of 2.09% results in lower retention of body protein, while the retention of fat was increased linearly. The height of villus and villous height:crypt depth ratio of the jejunum was increased linearly, and the depths of crypts of the ileum had lower depth level of 2.40% yeast. The inclusion of yeast cane sugar levels up to 5% in diets for broiler in the post hatching doesn’t affect the performance and provides better development of the intestinal mucosa in the jejunum, however reduces metabolizable energy of diets and increases greater retention of body fat

<b>Desempenho, digestibilidade, composição corporal e morfologia intestinal de pintos de corte recebendo dietas contendo levedura de cana-de-açúcar</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v33i1.10787 <b>Performance, digestibility, body composition and gut morphology of broiler chicks fed diets containing yeast cane sugar</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v33i1.10787

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, a digestibilidade das dietas, a retenção corporal de nutrientes e o desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal de pintos de corte de 1 a 8 dias de idade, alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de levedura de cana-de-açúcar. Utilizou-se 300 pintos de corte, com um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, composto de cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de 10 aves. Os tratamentos consistiram de níveis crescentes de 0; 1,25; 2,5; 3,75 e 5,0% de inclusão de levedura. Não houve efeito da levedura sobre o desempenho zootécnico. Houve redução no coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da energia bruta, na energia metabolizável aparente e a aparente corrigida com os níveis crescentes. O nível de 2,09% promoveu menor retenção corporal de proteína bruta, enquanto a retenção de gordura foi linear crescente. A altura de vilos e relação vilo:cripta do jejuno aumentou linearmente, a profundidade das criptas do íleo apresentaram menor profundidade no nível de 2,40% de levedura. A inclusão da levedura de cana-de-açúcar até 5% em dietas de pintos na fase pré-inicial não afeta o desempenho zootécnico, proporciona melhor desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal; entretanto, reduz a energia metabolizável das dietas e aumenta a retenção de gordura corporal.<br>The objective was to evaluate the performance, digestibility of diets, body retention of nutrients and the development of intestinal mucosa of post hatching broilers, of one up to eight day old, fed diets containing different levels of sugar cane yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>). It was used 300 one day old chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 10 birds. The treatments consisted of increasing levels of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0% inclusion of yeast. No effect of yeast on performance. There was a reduction in the coefficients of apparent metabolizable of gross energy, apparent metabolizable energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance with increasing levels. The level of 2.09% results in lower retention of body protein, while the retention of fat was increased linearly. The height of villus and villous height:crypt depth ratio of the jejunum was increased linearly, and the depths of crypts of the ileum had lower depth level of 2.40% yeast. The inclusion of yeast cane sugar levels up to 5% in diets for broiler in the post hatching doesn’t affect the performance and provides better development of the intestinal mucosa in the jejunum, however reduces metabolizable energy of diets and increases greater retention of body fat

Economic evaluation of the tomato and guava residues inclusion in laying hens ration Análise econômica da inclusão dos resíduos de goiaba e tomate na ração de poedeiras comerciais

The objective of this research was to economically analyze the effect of different levels of inclusion of tomatoes and guava residues on ration for laying hens. To it, 360 DekalbWhite hens with 30 weeks of age have been used. The birds have been distributed in a totally randomized design with nine treatments and five repetitions of eight birds per parcel. The treatments had: a reference ration and another eight rations with increasing levels of residues, being four of them with tomatoes residues(5, 10, 15 and 20%) and four with the guava residues (2, 4, 6 and 8%). The experimental period had 63 days, divided in three cycles of 21 days each. The parameters analyzed were: accumulated consumption (kg), egg production (units), ration cost (R$/kg), crude income (R$), feeding cost (R$), markup (R$) and profitability index (%). The levels 5, 10, 15 and 20% of tomato residues in ration, allowed an economy of R$26,00; 53,00; 79,00 and 106,00/ton of ration, respectively, in relation to the reference ration. With 5$1,00; 2,00; 4,00 and 5,00/ton for the levels of 2, 4, 6 and 8%, respectively. For the other variables it has not been observed any effect, in such a way, its maximum inclusion can be made, since it has had an oil supplementation.Analisou-se economicamente o efeito dos diferentes níveis de inclusão dos resíduos de tomate (RT) e goiaba (RG) na ração de galinhas poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 360 poedeiras comerciais da linhagem Dekalb White com 30 semanas de idades. As aves foram distribuídas de acordo com um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com nove tratamentos e cinco repetições de oito aves. Os tratamentos foram uma ração referência e mais oito rações com níveis crescentes dos resíduos, quatro com RT (5, 10, 15, e 20%) e quatro com o RG (2, 4, 6, e 8%). O período experimental foi de 63 dias, divididos em três ciclos de 21 dias cada. Os parâmetros analisados foram: consumo acumulado (kg); produção de ovos (unidades); preço da ração (R$/kg); renda bruta (R$); custo com alimentação (R$); margem de lucro (R$); índice de lucratividade (%). Os níveis 5, 10, 15 e 20% de RT na ração proporcionaram uma economia de R$26,00; 53,00; 79,00 e 106,00/tonelada de ração, respectivamente, em relação à ração referência. Com a inclusão de 5$ 1,00; 2,00; 4,00 e 5,00/tonelada para os níveis de 2, 4, 6 e 8%, respectivamente. Para as demais variáveis, não se observou efeito e, dessa forma, a inclusão máxima pode ser feita