Etude de l’Origine et de L’Identité de quelques Types d’Huiles Végétales Raffinées Commercialisées à Douala/Cameroun

Les huiles végétales raffinées sont des sources d’énergie, d’acides gras essentiels, d’antioxydants et de vitamines liposolubles. Elles permettent de lutter contre la malnutrition et le vieillissement cellulaire. Les mauvaises conditions d’extraction, de raffinage, de conservation et de stockage peuvent altérer l’identité et la qualité de ces produits. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer l’origine et l’identité de 56 échantillons d’huiles végétales commercialisées à Douala. Pour ce faire nous avons étudié la représentativité des variétés d’huiles sur le marché et leur origine, l’indice d’iode, l’indice de saponification et la conformité de l’étiquetage. Les résultats montrent que le marché des huiles végétales raffinées est dominé par les produits importés avec 57,2% de part de marché. Moins de 30% des échantillons analysés étaient conformes à la norme camerounaise NC 04 :2000-20sur l’étiquetage des denrées alimentaires pré emballées. Aucun échantillon analysé n’a eu un indice d’iode, ni de saponification, conforme à la norme du Codex Alimentarius et la norme camerounaise NC 77 : 2002-03, REV.1. de 2011 portant sur les huiles végétales enrichies en vitamine A. Les huiles raffinées analysées auraient été adultérées ou auraient subies une altération avancée par le phénomène d’auto oxydation catalysé par la chaleur. Elles ne seraient pas des corps gras purs. Cette étude suggère que des efforts considérables doivent être entrepris en plus des acquis dont dispose le Cameroun dans le domaine du contrôle de qualité des denrées alimentaires.Mots clés: Huiles végétales, Contrôle Qualité, Norme, Conformité d’étiquetageEnglish AbstractRefined vegetable oils are sources of energy, essential fatty acids, antioxidants and fat-soluble vitamins. They help fight against malnutrition and cellular aging. Poor extraction, refining, storage and storageconditions can alter the identity and quality of these products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the origin and identity of 56 vegetable oil samples marketed in Douala. We studied the representativenessof the different oil varieties from the market and their origin, the iodine index, the saponification index and the conformity of the labeling. The results show that the market for refined vegetable oils is dominated by imported products with a 57.2% market share. Less than 30% of the samples analyzed complied with the Cameroonian standard NC 04: 2000-20 on the labeling of prepackaged foods. No samples analyzed had an iodine or saponification index in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius standard and the Cameroonian standard NC 77: 2002-03, REV.1. Of 2011 on vegetable oils fortified with vitamin A. The refined oils analyzed were adulterated or might have undergone advanced alteration by the phenomenon of auto-oxidation catalyzed by heat. These oils are therefore not really pure fats. This study suggests that considerable efforts must be made in addition to Cameroon’s achievements in the field of quality control of foodstuffs.Keywords: Vegetable Oils, Quality Control, Norms, Labeling Complianc

Natural Substances for the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles against Escherichia coli

The development of drug-resistant strains is rising and the search for new and novel ways of fighting new or reemerging microbes goes on. A hope of treating such multidrug-resistant infections came from plants mediated nanoparticles since nature is a generous source which provides a variety of chemical compounds that can be used for new drug discovery. Silver nanoparticles are reported to possess antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, larvicidal activity and anticancer properties. We reported green synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated food plants Megaphrynium macrostachyum, Corchorus olitorus, Ricinodendron heudelotii, Gnetum bucholzianum, and Ipomoea batatas and their antibacterial efficacy against the Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli. The nature and size of the obtained nanoparticles are discussed as well as their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericide Concentration (MBC) values considering their application in medical industry

Biological activities of plant extracts from Ficus elastica and Selaginella vogelli: an antimalarial, antitrypanosomal and cytotoxity evaluation

The cytotoxic, antiplasmodial, and antitrypanosomal activities of two medicinal plants traditionally used in Cameroon were evaluated. Wood of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots (Moraceae) and Selaginella vogelii Spring (Selaginellaceae) leaves were collected from two different sites in Cameroon. In vitro cell-growth inhibition activities were assessed on methanol extract of plant materials against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 and Trypanosoma brucei brucei, as well as against HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. Criteria for activity were an IC50 value 10 μg/mL. The extract of S. vogelii did not significantly reduce the viability of P. falciparum at a concentration of 25 μg/mL but dramatically affected the trypanosome growth with an IC50 of 2.4 μg/mL. In contrast, at the same concentration, the extract of F. elastica exhibited plasmodiacidal activity (IC50 value of 9.5 μg/mL) and trypanocidal (IC50 value of 0.9 μg/mL) activity. Both extracts presented low cytotoxic effects on HeLa cancer cell line. These results indicate that the selected medicinal plants could be further investigated for identifying compounds that may be responsible for the observed activities and that may represent new leads in parasitical drug discovery

In vitro antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract and compounds from the wood of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots

Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem., an edible plant belonging to the family of Moraceae, is traditionally used against skin infections and allergies besides having diuretic properties. This study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of the wood of F. elastica aerial roots against a set of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia stuartii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a yeast (Candida albicans). A mixture of linear aliphatic alkanes with n-hexacosane as major compound, β-sitosterol, biochanin A, sitosteryl 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), elasticamide (2), elastiquinone (3) and ficusoside B (4) were purified and characterized. Antimicrobial activities, expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), indicated that the methanol extract showed MIC of 39.1 μg/mL; the lowest values were obtained for 3 and 4, with MIC as low as 4.9 μg/mL, smaller than the values of reference antibiotics (25 μg/mL). Furthermore, as most of the studied samples exhibited Minimum Microbicidal Concentration/Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MMC/MIC) ratios lower than 4, a microbicidal effect was clearly exhibited. The overall results provided evidence that the wood of F. elastica aerial roots, as well as some of its isolated components might be potential sources of new antimicrobial drugs

Biological activities of plant extracts from Ficus elastica and Selaginella vogelli: An antimalarial, antitrypanosomal and cytotoxity evaluation.

The cytotoxic, antiplasmodial, and antitrypanosomal activities of two medicinal plants traditionally used in Cameroon were evaluated. Wood of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots (Moraceae) and Selaginella vogelii Spring (Selaginellaceae) leaves were collected from two different sites in Cameroon. In vitro cell-growth inhibition activities were assessed on methanol extract of plant materials against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 and Trypanosoma brucei brucei, as well as against HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. Criteria for activity were an IC50 value < 10 μg/mL. The extract of S. vogelii did not significantly reduce the viability of P. falciparum at a concentration of 25 μg/mL but dramatically affected the trypanosome growth with an IC50 of 2.4 μg/mL. In contrast, at the same concentration, the extract of F. elastica exhibited plasmodiacidal activity (IC50 value of 9.5 μg/mL) and trypanocidal (IC50 value of 0.9 μg/mL) activity. Both extracts presented low cytotoxic effects on HeLa cancer cell line. These results indicate that the selected medicinal plants could be further investigated for identifying compounds that may be responsible for the observed activities and that may represent new leads in parasitical drug discovery.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Two new friedelane lactones from the roots of Caloncoba glauca (Flacourtiaceae) and evaluation of their cardiotonic activity on isolated frog & rsquo;s heart

Nko'o MHJ, Noulala CGT, Tsala DE, et al. Two new friedelane lactones from the roots of Caloncoba glauca (Flacourtiaceae) and evaluation of their cardiotonic activity on isolated frog &amp; rsquo;s heart. Phytochemistry Letters. 2021;42:27-35.Two new friedelane triterpenoids, 20,20-dimethyl-3,27-dioxo-(D:A)-friedo-olean-27,22?-lactone (20,20-dimethylglaucalactone) (1) and 3?-ethanoyloxy-30-nor-(D:A)- friedo-olean-20(29)-en-27,22?-lactone (3-acetoxyglaucalactone) (2) and four known compounds (3?6) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the roots of Caloncoba glauca (P. Beauv.) Gild (Flacourtiaceae). Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR in addition to HRESI-MS). The relative configuration of the 22-oxymethine was determined from the NOESY spectrum. The cardiotonic effects of the crude extract and isolated compounds were tested. The results suggest that the crude extract and 3-acetoxyglaucalactone (2) induced an interesting cardiotonic activity by exerting positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, which might be derived from the direct stimulation of the 13-adrenergic pathway through 131-adrenergic receptors or opening of the calcium channel

P21 Gastroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of the fruit peels extract of a hybrid plant Citrus x paradisi Macfad. (Rutaceae) against ethanol-induced-gastric ulcer and paracetamol-induced-hepatitis on Wistar strain male rats.

Introduction: Diseases of the digestive system and liver are the leading cause of hospitalization worldwide, at around 12.2%. In particular hepatotoxicity which affects more than fifty million people worldwide and peptic ulcer disease. Moreover, the therapies used for the treatment of these diseases are not only very expensive but also present numerous   undesirable side effects (hypersensitivity, arrhythmia, impotence, hematopoietic changes). The use of medicinal plants and herbal medicine probably make a considerable contribution. And the present study demonstrates it. Material and Method: 200 and 400 mg of crude ethanolic fruit peel extract (EFPE) were administered by nasogastric tube to two groups of G and H rats consisting of 3 batches of 5 rats each. The 3 batches representing the neutral, negative and positive controls. Then, gastric ulcer and hepatitis was induced in rats according to the Kanbur and al.’s procedures. Results and Discussion: The percentages of protection of the gastric mucosa are 6 - 7 times higher than those of rats pretreated with distilled water and close to nearly 90% than that of omeprazole at 20 mg / kg. At equal concentrations (200 mg / kg bw) the gastroprotective effect of the FFPE therefore appears to be 1.2 greater than that reported by Selmi et al., 2017 [5] on the fruit peels of the parent C. sinensis. The lowest serum transaminases (AST, ALT, ALP) levels were observed in rats pretreated with EFPE at 200 mg / kg bw. Oral administration of 200mg/kg bw of the EFPE equally twice that of silymarin would lead to a decrease in transaminases comparable to that of silymarin administered at 100 mg / kg used as a reference sample. The hepatoprotective effect of EFPE are similar with those observed on seeds by Udom et al., 2018 [6]. These results are consistent with macroscopic and histological examination of the damaged tissue. Conclusion: The EFPE of Citrus x paradisi has gastroprotective and hepatoprotective effects which would be comparable to those of Omeprazole and Sylmarin orally administered

Identification of compounds with anti-proliferative activity from the wood of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots.

The natural products fromplants still remain an important source of pharmaceuticals. In the current study, methanolicwood extracts of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. (Moraceae) aerial roots were screened for anti-cancer activity. Using bioassay-guided fractionation, three new compounds, elasticamide (1), elastiquinone (2) and ficusoside B (3), together with four known compounds, were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were established by means of extensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, as well as IR and UV) and by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported for structurally related molecules. The isolated compounds were afterwards evaluated for their anti-proliferative effect on six human cancer cell lines (U373n and Hs683 glioblastoma, MCF7 and A549 NSCLC carcinoma, and B16F10 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma) using colorimetric MTT assay. Most notably, elastiquinone (2) showed cytotoxic activity with IC50 = 14 μM against B16F10 melanoma cells, whereas the peracetylated form of ficusoside B (3a) displayed the lowest IC50 value (11 μM) against U373n gliomacell lines. Elasticamide (1) and ficusoside B (3) exhibited aweak cytotoxicity with IC50 values ≥88 μM. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the wood of F. elastica aerial roots might be a potential source for identifying new compounds with potent anti-proliferative activity.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe