18 research outputs found

    Sciage De Rebuts De Tectona Grandis L. F. (Teck)

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    Les rebuts de billons de teck abandonnés dans les parcelles après exploitation, sont taxés de faibles diamètres et de faible rendement au sciage. Le travail réalisé vise à montrer la similitude de ces valeurs entre les rebuts et les billons de premier choix. Sept cent (700) rebuts de billons de teck de 24 ans, sélectionnés en zone de forêt dense semi-décidue, ont été cubés et sciés en usine avec un plateau technique adapté aux bois de petits diamètres. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les diamètres moyens des rebuts de billons étudiés sont faibles et gravitent autour de la classe 15/19 cm à 37%, autour de la classe 20/24 cm à 44% (majoritaire), autour de la classe 25/29 cm à 15% et autour de la classe 30/34 cm à seulement 3%. Ces valeurs, bien que faibles, sont du même ordre de grandeur que celles des billons de premier choix de même âge ou d’âge proche. Le rendement brut sciage obtenu est de 38,12% qui est faible mais également similaire à celui des billons de teck de premier choix. Ce rendement chute de 4 à 7% en éliminant l’aubier pour améliorer la qualité des débités. Les rebuts de billons de teck présentent des diamètres et des rendements sciages faibles mais similaires à ceux des billons de premier choix. Les quantités abandonnées dans les parcelles prenant de plus en plus de l’ampleur, les rebuts offrent ainsi une bonne opportunité de valorisation de matière première à l’échelle industrielle par un plateau technique fixe ou mobile. Discarded teak logs in post-harvest plots are taxed with small diameters and low sawing yield. The work carried out aims to show the similarity of these values between the rejects and the logs of first choice. Seven hundred rejects of 24-year-old teak logs, selected in semi-deciduous dense forest zone, were cubed and sawed at the factory with a technical platform adapted to small diameter woods.The results obtained show that the average diameters of the discarded teak logs studied are low and revolve around the 15/19 cm class at 37%, around the 20/24 cm class at 44% (majority), around the 25/29 cm class at 15% and around the class 30/34 cm at only 3%. These values, although low, are of the same order of magnitude as those of firstgrade logs of the same age or near age.The gross sawing yield obtained is 38.12% which is low but also similar to that of the first choice teak logs. This yield drops by 4 to 7% by eliminating the sapwood to improve the quality of the sawn timber. Discarded teak logs have low lumber diameters and yields, but are similar to those of high grade logs. The quantities left in the plotstaking more and more scale, the rejects thus offer a good opportunity for raw material valorization on an industrial scale by a fixed or mobile technical platform

    Sulphur depletion altered somatic embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao L. Biochemical difference related to sulphur metabolism between embryogenic and non embryogenic calli

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    Somatic embryogenesis is a useful tool for Theobroma cacao improvement and propagation. Depending on culture medium composition, different morphogenetic structures (including somatic embryo) occur in response to alteration of genes expression patterns and biochemical changes. The effect of SO42- ion deficiency in culture media on somatic embryogenesis was studied through sequential replacement of MgSO4 and K2SO4 by MgCl2 and KCl, respectively, at different steps of somatic embryogenesis. It appears that explants gradually lost their embryogenic competence as the period of exposition to sulphur free medium increases. These results suggest that, sulphur availability and the duration to sulphur exposition might modulate the expression of genes involved in somatic embryo differentiation in T. cacao. Cysteine, glutathione, reducing sugars, cysteine synthase and cysteine desulfurase activities were analysed in different morphogenetic structures obtained in vitro. Cysteine and reducing sugars contents appeared to be higher in embryogenic calli than their nonembryogenic homologues, whereas glutathione content appears to be lower in embryogenic calli. Cysteine synthase activities also discriminate the embryogenic calli from non embryogenic calli. In the embryogenic calli, the ratio cysteine synthase/cysteine desulfurase activities were above unit. The assimilation of exogenous sulphur (sulphate) for the synthesis of cysteine might hence be crucial for somatic embryogenesis in T. cacao. This explains the reduction and the absence of somatic embryo response observed during sulphur depletion in culture media. Sulphur nutrition is therefore critical in cacao somatic embryogenesis.Keyswords: Cacao, embryo, sulphate, cysteine synthase, glutathione, deficiencyAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(35), pp. 5665-5675, 30 August, 201

    Évaluation de la Variabilité Génétique d’Une Collection de Bananiers Plantain (Musa sp.) Cultivés en Côte d’Ivoire à Partir d’Une Caractérisation Agro-morphologique

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    La banane plantain est un produit de grande consommation en CĂ´te d’Ivoire. Dans le but d’accroĂ®tre les rendements par la crĂ©ation de variĂ©tĂ©s performantes, une bonne connaissance de la diversitĂ© des accessions existante est indispensable. Dans cette optique, la diversitĂ© agro-morphologique de la collection de bananiers du Centre National de SpĂ©cialisation plantain (CNS-Plantain) composĂ©e de 42 accessions a Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©e sur la base de 38 variables qualitatives et quantitatives selon le descripteur de l’IPGRI-INIBHP/CIRAD 1996. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© des diffĂ©rences significatives entre les accessions au niveau morphologique, des caractères de production et des rendements. L’analyse en composantes principales (ACP) et la classification ascendante hiĂ©rarchique (CAH) ont montrĂ© une importante variabilitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique et ont permis d’identifier 5 groupes de bananiers dans la collection. Le groupe des French (Groupe 1) et le groupe de banane Ă  cuire de type ABB (Groupe 5) sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par un nombre de mains Ă©levĂ©s (6 Ă  16), des fruits courts et nombreux (53 Ă  192) et donc de gros rĂ©gimes avec un long cycle de production pour les French. Le groupe des Faux-cornes (Groupe 3) possède 4 Ă  8 mains avec des fruits de taille moyenne et peu nombreux (14 Ă  57) et un cycle de production plus court. Les individus du groupe 2 (Bâtard) possèdent des fruits de taille et de nombre intermĂ©diaire entre les French et les Faux-cornes. Dans le quatrième groupe (Vrai-cornes), les accessions sont caractĂ©risĂ©es par des fruits de grande taille et peu nombreux (7 Ă  20). Cette diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique offre ainsi une grande possibilitĂ© de choix de gĂ©niteurs pour la crĂ©ation de variĂ©tĂ©s amĂ©liorĂ©es de banane plantain en CĂ´te d’Ivoire.   The plantain banana is a widely consumed product in CĂ´te d'Ivoire. In order to increase yields by creating high-performance varieties, a good knowledge of the diversity of existing accessions is important. Thus, the agro-morphological diversity of the banana collection of the National Center for Plantain Specialization (CNS-Plantain) composed of 42 accessions was analyzed based on 38 qualitative and quantitative variables according to the IPGRI-INIBHP descriptor. /CIRAD 1996. The results showed significant differences between the accessions in terms of morphology, production traits and yields. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical ascending classification (HAC) showed significant genetic variability and identify 5 groups of bananas in the collection. The French group (Group 1) and the ABB-type cooking banana group (Group 5) are characterized by a high number of hands (6 to 16), short and more fruits (53 to 192), therefore a bigger bunch with a long production cycle for the French. The False horn group (Group 3) has 4 to 8 hands with medium-sized and few fruits (14 to 57) and a shorter production cycle. The accessions of group 2 (Bâtard) have fruits of intermediate size and number between the French and the False horns. In the fourth group (True horns), the accessions are characterized by large and few fruits (7 to 20). Thus, this genetic diversity offers a great possibility of choice of genitors for the creation of improved varieties of plantain in CĂ´te d'Ivoire

    Confirmation De Ségrégation, Au Moyen Du BC1, De L’un Des Deux Loci Codant Pour La Couleur Du Germe Chez Le Cocotier Nain à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

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    Pour confirmer la sĂ©grĂ©gation de l’un des deux loci codant pour la couleur du germe chez les cocotiers nains, le Back cross 1 : NJM x (NJM x GOA+) a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© dans le cadre d’un projet de cartographie du gĂ©nome du cocotier. Un donneur NJM x GOA+ (Nain jaune de Malaisie x Grand Ouest Africain+) et une receveuse NJM (Nain jaune de Malaisie) ont Ă©tĂ© impliquĂ©s dans le BC1. Les statistiques descriptives, le test U de Mann-Withney et le test du Khi-deux de conformitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©s. Pour un total de 1034 noix semences germĂ©es, les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que sur 5 sĂ©grĂ©gations testĂ©es, seule la 1:1 vĂ©rifie la conformitĂ© des donnĂ©es observĂ©es Ă  celles thĂ©oriques au seuil de risque de 5 %. Ceci suggère que le couple d’allèles Vert/Jaune codant pour l’expression phĂ©notypique y affĂ©rente sĂ©grĂ©ge selon les lois de la gĂ©nĂ©tique classique. Ces rĂ©sultats s’apparentent Ă  ceux de Bourdeix. Fort malheureusement, son analyse gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă©tait sous-tendue par de nombreuses hypothèses. De plus, les semences de noix Ă©taient issues de pollinisations libres de pieds d’hybrides F1. Dans les deux cas, ce sont les germes issus des noix F2 germĂ©es qui ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es. La sĂ©grĂ©gation 1 : 1 issu du BC1 : NJM x (NJM x GOA+) suggère un contrĂ´le monofactoriel du marqueur vert/jaune. Ce marqueur pourrait ĂŞtre introgressĂ© dans les gĂ©notypes d’intĂ©rĂŞt avant d’être utilisĂ©, par la suite, pour la sĂ©lection prĂ©coce en germoir.  To confirm the segregation of one of the two loci coding for the color of the germ in dwarf coconut palms, back cross 1: MYD x (MYD x WAT+) was carried out as part of a coconut genome mapping project. An MYD x WAT+ (Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West African Tall+) donor and an MYD (Malayan Yellow Dwarf) recipient were involved in BC1. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Withney U test and the Chi-two conformance test were applied. For a total of 1034 seed nuts germinated, the results showed that out of 5 segregations tested, only the 1: 1 verifies the compliance of the observed data with the theoretical ones at the risk threshold of 5%. This suggests that the pair of Green / Yellow alleles encoding the related phenotypic expression segregates according to the laws of classical genetics. Those results are similar to those of Bourdeix. Unfortunately, his genetic analysis was underpinned by many hypotheses. In addition, the nut seeds were obtained from free pollination of F1 hybrid feet. In both cases, only germs from the germinated F2 nuts were analyzed. The 1:1 segregation from BC1: MYD x (MYD x WAT+) suggests a monofactorial control of the green / yellow marker. This marker could be moved into the interest of the genotypes before being used, thereafter, for early selection in the germinator.  &nbsp

    Assessment of the genetic diversity conservation in three tall coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) accessions regenerated by controlled pollination, using microsatellite markers

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    Controlled pollination process is used during the regeneration of ageing accessions in the International Coconut Genebank for Africa and Indian Ocean (ICG-AIO). The effectiveness of this process has not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of controlled pollination method by investigating the level of molecular resemblance between the regenerated (G1) and parental (G0) populations of three tall coconut accessions, Mozambique Tall (MZT), Gazelle Peninsula Tall (GPT) and Tahitian tall (THT) using 15 microsatellites (SSR) markers. The results indicate a relative reduction of gene diversity during regeneration. It decreased from 0.690 to 0.587, but, low values of Jaccard’s dissimilarity index were found between regenerated and parental populations of tall coconut, varying from 0.072 to 0.133. Low values of genetic diversity between G0 and G1 tall coconut accessions (DST), ranging from 0.005 to 0.007, were recorded. Consequently, using controlled pollination technical as regeneration method of the genebank is effective for satisfying maintenance of the genetic integrity of the original coconut accessions.Keywords: Tall coconut palm, controlled pollination, regenerated accessions, genetic diversity, microsatellites markersAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(20), pp. 2808-281
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