İlaçlarla etkileşim potansiyeline sahip hayvan sağlığında da kullanılan tıbbi bitkiler

Bitkiler, binlerce yıldır hayvanlarda verimin artırılması, hastalıklardan korunma ve tedavi amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Korunma ve tedavide konvansiyonel ilaçlarla eş zamanlı olarak kullanılan bitkiler, sahip oldukları ikincil bileşikler (alkaloidler, glikozitler, reçineler gibi) nedeniyle ilaçlarla aralarında farmakokinetik (Emilim: taşıyıcılar, kompleks oluşumu, gastrointestinal motilite ve pH; Dağılım: plazma proteinlerine bağlanma; Biyotransformasyon: Faz I ve II tepkimeleri; Atılım: idrar pH'sı ve taşıyıcıların modülasyonu) ve farmakodinamik (antagonizma, sinerjizma ve ilave etki) düzeyde etkileşme potansiyeline sahiplerdir. Bazı etkileşimler ilaç etkinliğinin artması veya potansiyel yan etkilerinin azalması şeklinde ortaya çıksa da bitki-ilaç etkileşimleri çoğunlukla istenmeyen etkiler şeklinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu istenmeyen etkiler farmakokinetik parametrelerde (Ydoruk, Cdoruk, EAA gibi), ilaç etkinliğinde ve toksisite düzeyinde değişiklikler şeklinde meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu derlemede ilaçlarla beraber kullanıldıklarında istenmeyen etkileşim potansiyellerine sahip hayvan sağlığında da kullanılan tıbbi bitkiler ve etkileşim sonucu meydana gelebilecek değişiklikler hakkında bilgi vermek amaçlanmıştır.Plants have been used for thousands of years to increase production, preventing and treatment of diseases in animals. Plants; used simultaneously with conventional drugs in prevention and treatment have the potential to interact with drugs at a pharmacokinetic (Absorption: transporters, complex formation, gastrointestinal motility and pH; Distribution: binding to plasma proteins; Metabolism: Phases I and II reactions; Excretion: urine pH and modulation of transporters) and pharmacodynamic (antagonism, synergism and additive effects) level due to secondary compounds (alkaloids, glycosides, resins, etc.) they have. Although some interactions occur in the form of increased drug efficacy or reduced potential side effects, plant-drug interactions often occur as unwanted effects. These unwanted effects can occur as changes in pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Tmax, and AUC etc.), drug efficacy and toxicity. In this review, it is aimed to give information about medicinal plants, also used in animal health, which have unwanted interaction potential when used with medicines and changes that may occur as a result of the interaction

Ozone therapy as a novel complementary therapeutic approach in refractory idiopathic granulomatous mastitis

Background: Autoimmunity may play a major role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). The therapeutic potential of ozone therapy has recently been shown in rheumatological diseases, and this study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of ozone therapy (OT) in refractory IGM. Methods: Patients with biopsy-verified IGM and incomplete response after steroid therapy (n = 47) between 2018 and 2021 were enrolled. Of these, 23 cases in cohort A had standard treatment with further steroid therapy (ST), and 24 were treated with systemic OT via autohemotherapy (AHT) in addition to steroid therapy (cohort B). Results: The median age was 33 years (range, 24–45). Patients in cohort B had a higher complete response rate after completion of a four-month ozone therapy than those in the ST-group (OT-group, 37.5% vs. ST-group, 0%; p = 0.002). At a median follow-up of 12 months (range, 12–35), the patients treated with OT had a lower one-year recurrence in the affected breast than cases in cohort A treated with ST (OT-group, 21% vs. ST-group, 70%; p = 0.001). No significant side effects were observed in patients in cohort B related to AHT. Furthermore, OT significantly decreased the total steroid treatment duration (median week of steroid use; 26 weeks in cohort A vs. 12 weeks in cohort B; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Systemic OT increases the complete response rate and decreases the duration of steroid treatment in patients with refractory IGM. Therefore, ozone therapy is an effective, well-tolerated, and safe novel complementary therapeutic modality.Istanbul Breast Societ

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels >2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p < 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

Effects of Antivortex Structures Installed on Trapezoidal Labyrinth Side Weirs on Discharge Capacity and Scouring

Greater or more constant discharge can be achieved at lower upstream water depths over the weir crest by increasing the effective lengths of labyrinth side weirs. Labyrinth weirs have unevenly shaped crests, resulting in greater crest lengths at the weir opening. Labyrinth side weirs have significant advantages over conventional weirs. For example, the discharge capacities of labyrinth side weirs are 1.5-4.5 times that of conventional side weirs. In this study, the effects of using an antivortex structure in trapezoidal labyrinth side weirs on discharge capacity and scouring were investigated for varying values of Froude number (F-1), dimensionless crest height (p/y(1)), dimensionless weir opening length (L / B), dimensionless effective crest length (L/L-ef), and side wall angle (alpha). First, using data from 537 experimental runs, the antivortex structures that most increased the discharge capacity were determined. Next, the optimum location and dimension of the antivortex structure were investigated. Based on 242 test runs, it was found that as the dimensions of the antivortex structure increased and as the antivortex structure moved toward the center of the weir opening, the discharge coefficient (C-d) increased by approximately 48%. Lastly, clear-water scour experiments were conducted using three antivortex structures with different trapezoidal labyrinth side weir flow intensities. The findings demonstrate that antivortex structures decrease scour depth around the water intake region. (C) 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers

Current State of Inland Capture Fisheries and Aquaculture in Middle East Countries and Expectations for the Future

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin de içinde olduğu 16 Orta Doğu ülkesinin bugünkü ve gelecekteki iç su ürünleri avcılık ve yetiştiricilik üretimi, istatistik verileri yardımıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Trend analizi sonucunda 2015 yılında yaklaşık 390 000 ton olan Orta Doğu iç su avcılık üretiminin 2020 yılında 380 000 tona gerileyebileceği, 2015 yılında 1 660 000 ton olan yetiştiricilik üretiminin 2020 yılında yaklaşık 2 060 000 ton olabileceği tahmin edilmiştir. Türkiye’de ise toplam su ürünleri üretiminin 2016 yılı itibariyle %5,8 ‘ini oluşturan iç su ürünleri avcılığının 2020 yılında daha da azalacağı (30 000 ton), %17,2’sini oluşturan iç su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinin ise artmaya devam edeceği (133 000 ton) öngörülmüştür. İç su ürünleri balıkçılığının sürdürülebilir olması ve sektörün gelişimi protein talebinin karşılanması ve sosyo-ekonomik gelişim açısından önemlidir.In this study, current and future production of inland capture fisheries and aquaculture productions of 16 Middle Eastern countries, including Turkey, were evaluated by statistical fisheries data. According to the results of trend analysis, it is predicted that inland capture fisheries production, which is about 390 000 tons in 2015, will decrease to approximately 380 000 tons in 2020 and inland aquaculture production, which is about 1 660 000 tons in 2015, will increase to approximately 2 060 000 tons in 2020 in the Middle East Countries. in Turkey, it is estimated that inland capture fisheries production, which constitutes 5.8 % of the total fishery production by 2016, will further decrease (30 000 tons) in 2020; inland aquaculture production, which constitutes 17.2 % of the total fishery production by 2016, will further increase (133 000 ton) in 2020. Sustainability and development of inland fisheries is important in order to meet protein demand and increase socio-economic development

A multi-objective optimization approach to glass cutting problem

Emiroğlu, İbrahim (Dogus Author) -- Conference full title: Joint International Symposium on "The Social Impacts of Developments in Information, Manufacturing and Service Systems" 44th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering, CIE 2014 and 9th International Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing and Service Systems, IMSS 2014; Adile Sultan PalaceIstanbul; Turkey; 14 October 2014 through 16 October 20142D glass cutting is an important problem for glass manufacturers. The objective of 2D glass cutting is to minimize the amount of waste when cutting a whole glass sheet into several pieces according to given cutting orders. In this research, another objective is introduced: Minimization of the defects on the glass pieces. The number of these defects defines the quality of the pieces, and each order delivered without defect or with minimum defect will increase the reputation of the manufacturer, as well as the competitiveness. Firstly, initial population strategy is used to generate first population for the genetic algorithm. Then an elitist evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm is applied for reaching Pareto front

An improved 2D glass cutting solution with genetic algorithms

Akyokuş, Selim (Dogus Author) -- Conference full title: 2011 International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA 2011) Istanbul, Turkey, 15 - 18 June 20112D glass cutting is an important problem for glass manufacturers. The objective of 2D glass cutting is to minimize the amount of waste when cutting a whole glass sheet into several pieces according to given cutting orders. In this paper, three different algorithms applied for the solution of 2D glass cutting problem. The performances of solutions are compared. The genetic algorithm with initial population strategy improves the performance of the algorithm and provides better results.TUBITAK, IEEE