Ilmu Kimia Tanaman Lauraceae Indonesia: V. Eritrodiol 3-Asetat dari Litsea elliptica Bl. (Lauraceae)

Suatu triterpen, jenis oleanan, yang diperoleh dari kulit akar tanaman Litsea elliptica Bl. (Lauraceae) telah diidentifikasi sebagai olean-12-en-3,28-diol-3-asetat atau eritrodiol 3-asetat (I). Telah ditemukan pula suatu ftalat dan telah diidentifikasi sebagai bis(2-etilheksil) ftalat (III). Struktur kedua senyawa ini telah ditetapkan dengan menggunakan cara spektroskopi. Isolat lain, suatu triterpen yang diberi nama litselligenin, masih terus diteliti. Baik eritrodiol 3-asetat (I) maupun bis(2-etilheksil)ftalat (III) tidak pernah ditemukan sebelumnya pada tanaman Lauraceae, sedangkan senyawa terakhir merupakan senyawa ftalat kedua yang ditemukan pada Luaraceae. An oleanane-type triterpene isolated from the root bark of Litsea elliptica Bl. (Lauraceae) has been identified as olean-12-en-3,28-diol-3-acetate or erythrodiol 3-acetate (I). A phthalate has also been isolated and identified as bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (III). The structure of both compounds have been elucidated based on spectroscopic methods. Work on another isolate, a triterpenoid named litselligenin, is in progress. Neither erythrodiol 3-acetate (l) nor bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (III) have been isolated previously from the Lauraceae, and the latter compound represents a second phthalate to be isolated from Lauraceae

Identification of the Cat Attractants Isodihydronepetalactone and Isoiridomyrmecin from Acalypha indica

Acalypha indica is a herb that grows throughout the tropical regions of the world. As well as being exploited for medicinal use, the roots of this plant are known to elicit a drug-like effect in cats. Recent research into feral cat control on Christmas Island has investigated whether a preparation of the roots of A. indica might be effective in traps to attract feral cats. However, the volatile nature of the attractants made it unviable for use in traps for more than a few days. In this study, we investigated the volatile components emitted by the plant roots and identified two iridoid compounds, (4R,4aR,7S,7aR)- isodihydronepetalactone and (4R,4aS,7S,7aR)-isoiridomyrmecin, which are known to affect behavioural activity in cats. Synthesis of standards confirmed the stereochemistry of both compounds emitted by the plant. Potential application of these compounds in feral cat control is discussed.The Australian Research Council is also gratefully acknowledged for funding for G.F. (FT110100304) and B.B. (LP130100162)

Ilmu Kimia Tanaman Lauraceae Indonesia: VI. Kriptokaryon dari Cryptocarya Laevigata BL. (Lauraceae)

Ekstraksi kulit akar dan kulit barang tanaman Cryptocarya laevigata Bl. (Lauraceae) dengan n-heksan menghasilkan suatu calkon yang diidentifikasi sebagai kriptokaryon (I). Struktur senyawa ini ditetapkan berdasarkan data spektroskopi dan analisis Kristal sinar-X. Kesimpulan mengenai struktur kriptokaryon (I) mendukung saran peneliti sebelumnya, yang terlah merevisi struktur (II) yang pertama kali disarankan. C. laevigata adalah spesies kedua anggota suku Lauraceae yang telah ditemukan mengandung kriptokaryon (I). Tambahan pula, kriptokaryon (I) adalah senyawa alam kedua dari jenis flavonoid yang mengandung cincin A yang tereduksi sebagian, yang pernah ditemukan. Extraction of the root and the tree barks of Cryptocarya laevigata Bl. (Lauraceae) with n-hexane yielded a chalcone identified as cryptocaryone (I). The structure of this compound had been elucidated based on spectroscopic measurements and X-ray crystal analysis. Conclusions about the structure of cryprocaryone (I) confirm the previous suggestion, which revised the structure (ll) suggested earlier. C. laevigata is the second species of Lauraceae which contains cryptocaryone (I). Furthermore, cryptocaryone (I) is a second naturally occurring flavonoid containing a reduced A ring system which has so far been isolated

LUNULARIN AND OXYRESVERATROL : TWO STILBENE DERIVATIVES FROM Morus macroura

Two stilbene derivatives namely lunularin and oxyresveratrol were isolated from Morus macroura Miq. (Moraceae), a rare spesies found in West Sumatera and endemic to Indonesia. The structure of all these compounds were elucidated based on physical and spectroscopic data. Keywords: Lunularin, Morus macroura Miq, oxyresveratrol

Foliar application of methyl jasmonate does not increase terpenoid accumulation, but weakly elicits terpenoid pathway genes in sandalwood (Santalum album L.) seedlings

The sesquiterpenoid rich essential oils of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) stems and roots are a highly sought commodity in the fragrance industry. Plantations of sandalwood are being established in northern Australia, however the valuable heartwood essential oils do not accumulate in substantial amounts before 10 years, while commercially viable harvests do not normally take place for at least 15 years. Inducing essential oil accumulation at an earlier stage, or increasing oil yield in mature trees, may have the potential to enhance the oil productivity of plantations. In this study, we investigated the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate on less than one-year-old sandalwood seedlings. Essential oil accumulation was unaffected in both stems and roots. However, at the gene transcript level, several key genes early in the biosynthesis of sandalwood oil components were induced in both leaves and stems. These results suggest that terpenoid biosynthesis in S. album does indeed respond to foliar application of methyl jasmonate, however the effects are small and the full biosynthesis of santalols is likely to be developmentally regulated.The project was supported by an ARC linkage project (LP0882690) with the Forest Products Commission as a sponsor