New In-Depth Analytical Approach of the Porcine Seminal Plasma Proteome Reveals Potential Fertility Biomarkers

A complete characterization of the proteome of seminal plasma (SP) is an essential step to understand how SP influences sperm function and fertility after artificial insemination (AI). The purpose of this study was to identify which among characterized proteins in boar SP were differently expressed among AI boars with significantly different fertility outcomes. A total of 872 SP proteins, 390 of them belonging specifically to <i>Sus Scrofa</i> taxonomy, were identified (Experiment 1) by using a novel proteomic approach that combined size exclusion chromatography and solid-phase extraction as prefractionation steps prior to Nano LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis. The SP proteomes of 26 boars showing significant differences in farrowing rate (<i>n</i> = 13) and litter size (<i>n</i> = 13) after the AI of 10 526 sows were further analyzed (Experiment 2). A total of 679 SP proteins were then quantified by the SWATH approach, where the penalized linear regression LASSO revealed differentially expressed SP proteins for farrowing rate (FURIN, AKR1B1, UBA1, PIN1, SPAM1, BLMH, SMPDL3A, KRT17, KRT10, TTC23, and AGT) and litter size (PN-1, THBS1, DSC1, and CAT). This study extended our knowledge of the SP proteome and revealed some SP proteins as potential biomarkers of fertility in AI boars