E4F1 deficiency results in oxidative stress–mediated cell death of leukemic cells

Deletion of E4F1 inflicts mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress on murine and human myeloid leukemia cells but not healthy macrophages

Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine

Aging is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Here we show that oral supplementation of the natural polyamine spermidine extends the lifespan of mice and exerts cardioprotective effects, reducing cardiac hypertrophy and preserving diastolic function in old mice. Spermidine feeding enhanced cardiac autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial respiration, and it also improved the mechano-elastical properties of cardiomyocytes in vivo, coinciding with increased titin phosphorylation and suppressed subclinical inflammation. Spermidine feeding failed to provide cardioprotection in mice that lack the autophagy-related protein Atg5 in cardiomyocytes. In Dahl salt-sensitive rats that were fed a high-salt diet, a model for hypertension-induced congestive heart failure, spermidine feeding reduced systemic blood pressure, increased titin phosphorylation and prevented cardiac hypertrophy and a decline in diastolic function, thus delaying the progression to heart failure. In humans, high levels of dietary spermidine, as assessed from food questionnaires, correlated with reduced blood pressure and a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. Our results suggest a new and feasible strategy for protection against cardiovascular disease

Determination of E4F1 functions on the p53 pathway : characterization of a novel level of regulation implicating the oncoprotein Mdm2

La protéine multifonctionnelle E4F1 fut initialement identifiée comme une cible de l'oncoprotéine virale E1A au cours de l'infection par l'adénovirus. Nos données, ainsi que celles d'autres laboratoires, montrent qu'E4F1 intervient à de multiples niveaux de régulation de la voie p53, une voie de signalisation très fréquemment inactivée au cours de la tumorigenèse. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai mis en évidence et caractérisé un nouveau niveau de régulation impliquant la protéine E4F1 et un autre régulateur important de la voie p53 : l'oncoprotéine Mdm2. Mes travaux ont permis de montrer, pour la première fois, qu'E4F1 et Mdm2 sont présents dans un même complexe multiprotéique associé à la chromatine et dont le recrutement est indépendant de p53. La formation du complexe E4F1-Mdm2 est sous la dépendance de certains stress cellulaires, telle que la réponse aux stress oxydatifs. De plus, Mdm2 et E4F1 sont capables de s'ubiquitinyler mutuellement sans promouvoir leur protéolyse. Nos résultats préliminaires suggèrent que ce complexe chromatinien Mdm2-E4F1 est impliqué dans le contrôle d'un programme transcriptionnel apparenté à une réponse au stress oxydatif. L'ensemble de ces données suggère des fonctions de Mdm2 au niveau de la chromatine, indépendantes de sa fonction bien décrite de régulateur du suppresseur de tumeur p53.E4F1 is a multifunctional protein that was first identified as a cellular target of the viral oncoprotein E1A during adenoviral infection. We, and others, have shown that E4F1 impinges at different level of the p53 pathway, which is frequently inactivated during tumorigenesis. During my PhD, I have highlighted and characterized a novel level of regulation implicating E4F1 and an other key regulator of the p53 pathway: the Mdm2 oncoprotein.My work have shown for the first time that Mdm2 and E4F1 directly interact in a same multiprotein complex associated with chromatin, and this recruitment occurs independently of p53. The Mdm2-E4F1 complex formation is dependant of some cellular stresses, such as oxidative stresses reponses. Our preliminary data also indicate that E4F1 and Mdm2 ubiquitylate each other without promoting their proteolysis, and influence their stability on chromatin. Our preliminary results indicate that this Mdm2-E4F1 chromatinian complex is involved in the regulation of a transcriptional program dependant of oxidative stresses. These data support the notion that Mdm2 presents unexpected functions on chromatin, independently of its very well described p53 regulation

Détermination des fonctions du gène E4F1 dans la voie p53 (caractérisation d'un nouveau niveau de régulation impliquant l'oncoprotéine Mdm2)

La protéine multifonctionnelle E4F1 fut initialement identifiée comme une cible de l'oncoprotéine virale E1A au cours de l'infection par l'adénovirus. Nos données, ainsi que celles d'autres laboratoires, montrent qu'E4F1 intervient à de multiples niveaux de régulation de la voie p53, une voie de signalisation très fréquemment inactivée au cours de la tumorigenèse. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai mis en évidence et caractérisé un nouveau niveau de régulation impliquant la protéine E4F1 et un autre régulateur important de la voie p53 : l'oncoprotéine Mdm2. Mes travaux ont permis de montrer, pour la première fois, qu'E4F1 et Mdm2 sont présents dans un même complexe multiprotéique associé à la chromatine et dont le recrutement est indépendant de p53. La formation du complexe E4F1-Mdm2 est sous la dépendance de certains stress cellulaires, telle que la réponse aux stress oxydatifs. De plus, Mdm2 et E4F1 sont capables de s'ubiquitinyler mutuellement sans promouvoir leur protéolyse. Nos résultats préliminaires suggèrent que ce complexe chromatinien Mdm2-E4F1 est impliqué dans le contrôle d'un programme transcriptionnel apparenté à une réponse au stress oxydatif. L'ensemble de ces données suggère des fonctions de Mdm2 au niveau de la chromatine, indépendantes de sa fonction bien décrite de régulateur du suppresseur de tumeur p53.E4F1 is a multifunctional protein that was first identified as a cellular target of the viral oncoprotein E1A during adenoviral infection. We, and others, have shown that E4F1 impinges at different level of the p53 pathway, which is frequently inactivated during tumorigenesis. During my PhD, I have highlighted and characterized a novel level of regulation implicating E4F1 and an other key regulator of the p53 pathway: the Mdm2 oncoprotein.My work have shown for the first time that Mdm2 and E4F1 directly interact in a same multiprotein complex associated with chromatin, and this recruitment occurs independently of p53. The Mdm2-E4F1 complex formation is dependant of some cellular stresses, such as oxidative stresses reponses. Our preliminary data also indicate that E4F1 and Mdm2 ubiquitylate each other without promoting their proteolysis, and influence their stability on chromatin. Our preliminary results indicate that this Mdm2-E4F1 chromatinian complex is involved in the regulation of a transcriptional program dependant of oxidative stresses. These data support the notion that Mdm2 presents unexpected functions on chromatin, independently of its very well described p53 regulation.MONTPELLIER-BU Pharmacie (341722105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Counteracting PINK/Parkin Deficiency in the Activation of Mitophagy: A Potential Therapeutic Intervention for Parkinson\u2019s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) related genes PINK1, a protein kinase [1], and Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase [2], operate within the same pathway [3-5], which controls, via specific elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria, the quality of the organelle network [6]. Parkin translocates to impaired mitochondria and drives their elimination via autophagy, a process known as mitophagy [6]. PINK1 regulates Parkin translocation through a not yet completely understood mechanism [7, 8]. Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins Mitofusin (MFN), VDAC, Fis1 and TOM20 were found to be targets for Parkin mediated ubiquitination [9-11]. By adding ubiquitin molecules to its targets expressed on mitochondria, Parkin tags and selects dysfunctional mitochondria for clearance, contributing to maintain a functional and healthy mitochondrial network. Abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins and unfunctional mitochondria is a characteristic hallmark of PD pathology. Therefore a therapeutic approach to enhance clearance of misfolded proteins and potentiate the ubiquitin-proteosome system (UPS) could be instrumental to ameliorate the progression of the disease. Recently, much effort has been put to identify specific de-ubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) that oppose Parkin in the ubiquitination of its targets. Similar to other post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, ubiquitination is also a reversible modification, mediated by a large family of DUBs [12]. DUBs inhibitors or activators can affect cellular response to stimuli that induce mitophagy via ubiquitination of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins MFN, VDAC, Fis1 and TOM20. In this respect, the identification of a Parkin-opposing DUB in the regulation of mitophagy, might be instrumental to develop specific isopeptidase inhibitors or activators that can modulate the fundamental biological process of mitochondria clearance and impact on cell survival