Caractérisation de la protéine Cérès : à la frontière entre polarité épithéliale et contrôle énergétique

La polarité apico-basale des cellules épithéliales est essentielle aux fonctions des tissus épithéliaux. La protéine Yurt promeut l’identité de la membrane basolatérale et régule négativement l’activité de Crumbs par des mécanismes encore inconnus. Crumbs est un déterminant apical qui réprime la croissance tumorale et prévient la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse (EMT). Nous avons identifié la protéine CG5964 (ALBATROSS chez l’humain) comme un nouvel interacteur physique de Yurt. L’objectif de ma maîtrise est de réaliser l’analyse fonctionnelle de cette protéine (renommée Cérès chez la drosophile), par des méthodes biochimiques et génétiques (génération d’un allèle mutant et d’une lignée de surexpression). Nos résultats suggèrent que la protéine Cérès n’est pas impliquée dans la polarité épithéliale mais plutôt dans le maintien de l’équilibre énergétique. Mon projet apportera les données de base sur la protéine de drosophile Cérès qui n’avait jamais été caractérisée. La compréhension du rôle fonctionnel de l’interaction entre Cérès et Yurt pourrait révéler de nouvelles fonctions de Yurt. Dans l’optique d’utiliser Yurt comme cible thérapeutique pour lutter contre le cancer, il est important de connaître les différents processus biologiques dans lesquels Yurt est impliquée

Phototraceur UV à micro-miroirs pour la réalisation de fonctions optiques integrées et diffractives

session Me2 " Instrumentation, Caractérisation et Capteurs " [Me2.3]National audienceLe sujet concerne la réalisation d'un phototraceur utilisant un écran à micro-miroirs (DMD : Digital Micro-mirror Device) fonctionnant dans l'UV entre 300 et 400 nm. Ce phototraceur permet la photo-inscription directe dans des polymères de fonctions optiques intégrées et/ou d'éléments diffractifs

'Like going into a chocolate shop, blindfolded': What do people with primary progressive aphasia want from speech and language therapy?

BACKGROUND: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) describes a group of language-led dementias. PPAs are complex, diverse and difficult to diagnose, and therefore conventional models of aphasia and dementia treatment do not meet their needs. The research evidence on intervention for PPA is developing, but to date there are only a few case studies exploring the experiences of people with PPA (PwPPA) themselves. AIMS: To explore the experiences and opinions of PwPPA and their communication partners (CPs) to understand how speech and language therapy (SLT) services can better meet their needs. METHODS & PROCEDURES: A qualitative research approach was used whereby PwPPA and their friends or family members were recruited to participate in focus groups, via advertisements in the Rare Dementia Support PPA group newsletters. Consenting participants were allocated to attend one of four focus groups hosted on an online video conferencing platform. Participants were asked about their communication difficulties, and how SLT could address these needs. All meetings were transcribed, and data were examined using reflexive thematic analysis. OUTCOMES & RESULTS: Six PwPPA and 14 CPs representing all three PPA variants and mixed PPA participated in the focus groups. Four main themes were identified during the analysis of the focus group discussions: (1) CPs' burden, (2) adjusting to the diagnosis, (3) communication abilities and difficulties and (4) beyond language. A further 10 subthemes were identified. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: This study provides a greater understanding of the experiences and needs of PwPPA and their families in relation to SLT. This work underlines the importance of a person-centred approach that considers the broader needs of both the PwPPA and the people around them. This will enable service providers to deliver SLT that meets the needs of PwPPA and their families and will also inform future research in this field. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject We know that PwPPA can maintain or even make improvements in word retrieval and speech fluency with SLT exercises. There is also developing evidence of the benefits of interventions such as CP training, communication aid support and other functional interventions. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This study provides an understanding of the experiences and opinions of people living with PPA and their families in relation to SLT. Results demonstrate that PwPPA and their families have to navigate a complex journey, identifying strategies to support communication but also the influence of personality and other cognitive symptoms. SLT was useful, but not always available. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? This study will enable service providers to better plan, justify funding for and delivery of SLT that will meet the needs of PwPPA and their families. Most importantly this work underlines the importance of a person-centred approach, incorporating the broader needs of the person with PPA and those around them

Magnetically triggerable electroactive composites, method of making the magnetically triggerable electroactive composites, and method of using the magnetically triggerable electroactive composites

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for magnetically triggered electroactive composites, methods of making the magnetically triggered electroactive composites, methods of using the magnetically triggered electroactive composites, and the like

CD36 plays an important role in the clearance of oxLDL and associated age-dependent sub-retinal deposits

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents the major cause of vision loss in industrialized nations. Laminar deposits in Bruch's membrane (BM) are among the first prominent histopathologic features, along with drusen formation, and have been found to contain oxidized lipids. Increases in concentrations of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in plasma are observed with age and high fat high (HFHC) cholesterol diet. CD36 is the principal receptor implicated in uptake of oxLDL, and is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We determined if CD36 participates in oxLDL uptake in RPE and correspondingly in clearance of sub-retinal deposits. Uptake of oxLDL by RPE in vitro and in vivo was CD36-dependent. CD36 deficiency in mice resulted in age-associated accumulation of oxLDL and sub-retinal BM thickening, despite fed a regular diet. Conversely, treatment of HFHC-fed ApoE null mice with a CD36 agonist, EP80317 (300 μg/kg/day), markedly diminished thickening of BM, and partially preserved (in part) photoreceptor function. In conclusion, our data uncover a new role for CD36 in the clearance of oxidized lipids from BM and in the prevention of age-dependent sub-retinal laminar deposits

MICROSCOPE mission analysis, requirements and expected performance

The MICROSCOPE mission aimed to test the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP) to a precision of $10^{-15}$. The WEP states that two bodies fall at the same rate on a gravitational field independently of their mass or composition. In MICROSCOPE, two masses of different compositions (titanium and platinum alloys) are placed on a quasi-circular trajectory around the Earth. They are the test-masses of a double accelerometer. The measurement of their accelerations is used to extract a potential WEP violation that would occur at a frequency defined by the motion and attitude of the satellite around the Earth. This paper details the major drivers of the mission leading to the specification of the major subsystems (satellite, ground segment, instrument, orbit...). Building upon the measurement equation, we derive the objective of the test in statistical and systematic error allocation and provide the mission's expected error budget.Comment: References update

Chiral Extrapolation of the Strangeness Changing K pi Form Factor

We perform a chiral extrapolation of lattice data on the scalar K pi form factor and the ratio of the kaon and pion decay constants within Chiral Perturbation Theory to two loops. We determine the value of the scalar form factor at zero momentum transfer, at the Callan-Treiman point and at its soft kaon analog as well as its slope. Results are in good agreement with their determination from experiment using the standard couplings of quarks to the W boson. The slope is however rather large. A study of the convergence of the chiral expansion is also performed.Comment: few minor change