103 research outputs found
Influence of mercury exposure on blood pressure, resting heart rate and heart rate variability in French Polynesians: a cross-sectional study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Populations which diet is rich in seafood are highly exposed to contaminants such as mercury, which could affect cardiovascular risk factors</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To assess the associations between mercury and blood pressure (BP), resting heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) among French Polynesians</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data were collected among 180 adults (â„ 18 years) and 101 teenagers (12-17 years). HRV was measured using a two-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram (Holter) and BP was measured using a standardized protocol. The association between mercury and HRV and BP parameters was studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among teenagers, the high frequency (HF) decreased between the 2<sup>nd </sup>and 3<sup>rd </sup>tertile (380 vs. 204 ms<sup>2</sup>, p = 0.03) and a similar pattern was observed for the square root of the mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals (rMSSD) (43 vs. 30 ms, p = 0.005) after adjusting for confounders. In addition, the ratio low/high frequency (LF/HF) increased between the 2<sup>nd </sup>and 3<sup>rd </sup>tertile (2.3 vs. 3.0, p = 0.04). Among adults, the standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN) tended to decrease between the 1<sup>st </sup>and 2<sup>nd </sup>tertile (84 vs. 75 ms, p = 0.069) after adjusting for confounders. Furthermore, diastolic BP tended to increase between the 2<sup>nd </sup>and 3<sup>rd </sup>tertile (86 vs. 91 mm Hg, p = 0.09). No significant difference was observed in resting HR or pulse pressure (PP)</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Mercury was associated with decreased HRV among French Polynesian teenagers while no significant association was observed with resting HR, BP, or PP among teenagers or adults</p
Compte rendu de : Jouzel (Jean-NoĂ«l) â Pesticides. Comment ignorer ce que lâon sait ? â Paris, Presses de Sciences Po, 2019 (AcadĂ©mique). 272 p.
Social mobilisation and expert knowledge: to what extent do they complement each other and where are the tensions?
L'épopée des gueules noires
On the French TV three days ago, a very good and enlighting documentary on mines legacy and their environmental and health effects on the long run. Great figures of Unions workers who have become experts in occupational diseases and the complex medical and legal to have them recognized as such! Sur France 2, il y a 3 jours, un trÚs bon documentaire sur les mines abandonnées et leurs effets sanitaires et environnementaux. Des figures remarquables de syndicalistes devenus experts des maladies ..
L'épopée des gueules noires
On the French TV three days ago, a very good and enlighting documentary on mines legacy and their environmental and health effects on the long run. Great figures of Unions workers who have become experts in occupational diseases and the complex medical and legal to have them recognized as such! Sur France 2, il y a 3 jours, un trÚs bon documentaire sur les mines abandonnées et leurs effets sanitaires et environnementaux. Des figures remarquables de syndicalistes devenus experts des maladies ..
Place du chercheur en épidémiologie dans la réponse à une alerte environnementale
International audienceDans le cadre du signalement en 1998 dâun cas de mĂ©sothĂ©liome au voisinage dâun ancien site de broyage dâamiante, diverses investigations ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es entre 2005 et 2012. Du point de vue Ă©pidĂ©miologique, les travaux ont permis de dĂ©crire un agrĂ©gat de 11 cas de pathologies spĂ©cifiques de lâamiante associĂ©es Ă une exposition essentiellement environnementale survenue au voisinage du site et de mettre en Ă©vidence la multiplicitĂ© des circonstances dâexposition, professionnelles, para-professionnelles et environnementales. Les tailles de populations exposĂ©es au seuil des 10âF/L atteignaient jusquâĂ 32â000 personnes pour les seuls rĂ©sidents prĂ©sents Ă une annĂ©e donnĂ©e du recensement (1975), dont plus de 23â000 pourraient ĂȘtre encore vivantes en 2009. Lâanalyse met en Ă©vidence lâimportance, mais aussi les difficultĂ©s, de la prise en compte des expertises de terrain issues des mobilisations collectives. Elle souligne Ă©galement la complĂ©mentaritĂ© des approches quantitatives et des regards et outils qualitatifs de lâhistorien et du sociologue, tant pour contextualiser et donner corps aux nombres produits (sĂ©rie de « cas », effectifs de populations exposĂ©esâŠ), que pour soutenir la mise en place dâun dispositif de santĂ© publique tenant compte de la diversitĂ© des enjeux sociaux et sanitaires. Lâarticulation entre dĂ©mocratie sanitaire et recherche translationnelle faisant appel Ă des mĂ©thodologies mixtes apparaĂźt Ă cette occasion comme un enjeu majeur pour les questions de santĂ© environnementale
Quels savoirs pour quelle expertise en santé au travail? Enseignements du séminaire Altexpert
Le texte qui suit a Ă©tĂ© Ă©crit pour le bulletin "Et voilĂ " (n°43, fĂ©vrier 2016 consultable ici), bulletin des conditions de travail et de la santĂ© au travail Ă©ditĂ© par l'Union syndicale Solidaires. Pourquoi ce sĂ©minaire ? Au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, les enjeux de santĂ© au travail ont Ă©tĂ© de plus en plus rĂ©guliĂšrement apprĂ©hendĂ©s dans des termes scientifiques et techniques conduisant Ă donner une place croissante Ă lâexpertise scientifique. LâidĂ©e mĂȘme dâĂ©valuer les effets du travail sur..
Contribution of causal factors to disease burden: how to interpret attributable fractions
What proportion of the risk in a given population is attributable to a risk factor? The population attributable fraction (PAF) answers this question. "Attributable to" is understood as "due to", which makes PAFs closely related to the concept of potential impact or potential benefits of reducing the exposure. The PAF is a tool at the border between science and decision making. PAFs are estimated based on strong assumptions and the calculations are data intensive, making them vulnerable to gaps in knowledge and data. Current misconceptions include summing up PAFs to 100% or subtracting a PAF for a factor from 100% to deduce what proportion is left to be explained or prevented by other factors. This error is related to unrecognised multicausality or shared causal responsibility in disease aetiology. Attributable cases only capture cases in excess and should be regarded as a lower bound for aetiological cases, which cannot be estimated based on epidemiological data alone (exposure-induced cases). The population level might not be relevant to discuss prevention priorities based on PAFs, for instance when exposures concentrate in a subgroup of the population, as for occupational lung carcinogens and other workplace hazards. Alternative approaches have been proposed based on absolute rather than relative metrics, such as estimating potential gains in life expectancy that can be expected from a specific policy (prevention) or years of life lost due to a specific exposure that already happened (compensation)
Book review of : Ritschard Gilbert, Studer Matthias (eds), 2018, Sequence Analysis and Related Approaches: Innovative Methods and Application, Cham, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing, II-298Â p
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