Insights and Challenges about the use of VNA on Airport/Hinterland Linkages

Airport operators, planners and regulatory agencies to measure the economic contribution of an airport to its local and regional surroundings, frequently use economic impact studies. The most common methods to measure airport economic impacts have been the Input-Output method, the Collection of Benefits method and most recently the Catalytic method. The most used measured variables include employment, wages, local and regional spending and air traffic levels. This paper is a new approach to these impact studies in which is used a new tool to identify the added values generated within airports and surrounding community interactions to better catch real socio-economic impacts. The VNA – Value Network Analysis, is used as an integrated methodology to identify these interactions and added values generated (tangibles and intangibles) in the business system of landside airports. To define the system it is used the matrix key airport performance benchmarking areas of ACI (Airport Council International) that are in the range of landside of the airport. Key words: Social Networks, Airport Landside, Value Network Analysis, Key Performance Indicators, Business System.

MacBeth as a MCDA Tool to Benchmark the Iberian Airports

This work relates to airports benchmarking which is a very important issue for stakeholders. Airports benchmarking depends on airport performance indicators which are also important issues for business and operational management, regulatory bodies, airlines and passengers. There are several sets of indicators to evaluate airports performance and also there are several techniques to benchmark airports. This work uses MacBeth - a MCDA (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis) tool, to evaluate the attractiveness of the most important Iberian Airports. This approach is a new one and the preliminary results are very promising when compared with some traditional studies of airports benchmarking. Key words: Airports Benchmarking, MCDA/MacBeth, Iberian Airports

Airports Catchment Area Size Definition: a Portuguese Case Study

The definition of the Catchment Area of an airport is very broad and current literature suggests doing it in combination with certain pre-defined criteria: the assessment of the impact or effectiveness of a certain airport, or from the perspective of competition between airports. This paper aims to assess the validity of the hinterland defined by the Portuguese airport manager, ANA - Aeroportos de Portugal. A case study was developed involving the three main national airports: Lisbon (LIS), Oporto (OPO) and Faro (FAO). ANA defined the hinterland of each airport. Thus, a survey was developed to the companies located within the hinterland of every airport aiming to understand the existence of any relationship between them and the closest airport. We followed a stratified sample method to determine the size of the survey. We only considered import and export companies with the highest business volumes. Data analysis was performed using GIS (Geographic Information System), that is a software, spatial data and computational procedures system that enables and facilitates the analysis, management and representation of space and phenomena that occur in it. We collected a total of 243 surveys. The main conclusion of the study was that the calculation of an airport’s hinterland based exclusively on the travel time or distance is, potentially, misleading. It is proposed the use of other factors. The validity of such a method and practice raises some doubts. The actual distribution of economic activities and population is ignored as well as the mutual influence of several airports. Further research is now needed to calculate airports actual influence.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CDM description and operational implementation challenges

The purpose of this research is to discuss a subject that, today, is a significant challenger of all the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) signatory countries: the implementation of the Performance Improvement Areas preconized in the Global Air Navigation Plan (GANP). To achieve the objective of providing a better understanding of Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) processes the strategy chosen was to present the vision and implementation of the main entities representing the aviation area, such as the didactic form as the article is sequenced and the case studies discussed will present solutions for countries that aren’t so advanced in the implementation of their A-CDM operational processes. Also, the article will act as a guide for all stakeholders. The contribution of the research will be to provide further support to all stakeholders in the air transport sector, regarding basic knowledge and more technical approaches of compliance with the recommended guidelines for the next decades in GANP. ICAO. In this specific case, regarding Performance Improvement Area: Airport Operations and the A-CDM module.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The case of Madeira International Airport Cristiano Ronaldo

The increased demand for air transportation has enlarged congestion problems in the areas of Passenger Terminals. This study proposes how to optimize the flows of passengers at the airport of Madeira to increase airport efficiency. There are two specific approaches to achieve this study objective. Firstly, we analyse the flow of passengers at the airport terminal to detect where are the most critical congestion points. Secondly, using simulation software (MassMotion) we analyse different layouts of the airport terminal, including ramp area, considering passengers flows of different typologies, to find the most efficient layout configuration. This study optimizes the flow of passengers in the terminal area of the International Airport of Madeira, making it more efficient in routing passengers and thus maintaining control over congestion levels. Thus, the proposed configurations for Check-in, Security, Border Control, Boarding Gates, Embark, Disembark, and Luggage Claim areas allow to considerably reduce (or even eliminate) passenger congestion at these critical points. An airport is a complex transport infrastructure, and therefore any change in its physical structure must be made during its period of operation. Structural modifications must be simulated in software to be validated before being implemented; this was the option of Madeira International Airport, which thus seeks solutions to keep congestion levels under control, increase the efficiency of the terminal, and raise the level of passenger satisfaction.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A PESA-AGB study

This study uses a MCDA tool to analyse and improve Spanish airports performance and efficiency. Thus, a holistic study using MACBETH (with PESA-AGB) is used. This study has never been applied before in Spanish airports. Firstly, a literature review related to this study keywords is conducted, as well as about benchmarking concept applied specifically to airports. Secondly, several methodologies in used to benchmark airports are reviewed and compared. Thirdly, airport performance and efficiency issues are addressed and described. Finally, the MCDA-MACBETH (with PESA-AGB) tool is applied to 4 Spanish airports. Spanish airports belonging to AENA transported 263,753,406 passengers in 2018 with an increase compared to 2017 of 5.8%. General data enables to conclude that Spanish air transportation system is growing annually and hence there is the need to improve airports performance and efficiency, also to maintain the high levels of quality to address the growing demand. Spanish air transportation system is growing annually and is it upmost important to maintain high levels of quality to address such demand. Through this study, performance and efficiency improvements are seek within several airport key areas such as Safety and Security, Quality Service, Productivity and Effectiveness, Financial and Environment. As far as known, this study has never been applied before in Spanish airports.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Air Budjet: a VTOL virtual operator company in Portugal

Creation of sustainable transportation service for a new and virtual airline company that uses VTOL aircraft in order to increase mobility and flexibility in Portugal. This study started with the VTOL concepts, peripherally and accessibility, and business models and plans reviews. The air service characterization was then carried out using localization and trajectory optimization algorithms, thus allowing to elaborate two applications (software): one for clients to book their flights and another that compiles flight's data booked by clients and optimizes flights routes/trajectories. With this study, it is possible to depict the viability of the economic-financial results of the new virtual company and the application development results with the optimized trajectories. The development of this air service will increase accessibility and mobility in all regions of Portugal and companies that cannot afford the costs of executive aviation, too. In order to facilitate the booking of the flights, an application was created for the client in order to optimize the company costs related to this air service, and thus to make the cost of a trip more appealing; a second application was elaborated that optimizes the trajectories of the aircraft.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The case of Faro in the south of Portugal

Movements in Faro airport have been on a constant rise even exceeding the airport capacity. Faro city has grown in the same proportion. Both occurred in a pattern that can be applied to compare with the development of an Aerotropolis. At least three steps must be taken to develop an effective Aerotropolis plan. First, the catchment area is determined based on the existing transportation network and 60-minute travel time from the airport. Second, several socioeconomic indicators within the catchment area are evaluated through different periods using GIS software. Third, catchment area and socioeconomic indicators for the Faro region are compared with layouts obtained from several examples of Aerotropolises in Europe. The Aerotropolis model created by John Kasarda has been used in several regions across Europe. One key aspect of this model is determining whether the region evolved along with the airport throughout the years. Faro, its airport and surrounding areas, are not an exception. Thus, it is possible to identify Faro development patterns of growth useful for several stakeholders: administrative authorities, airport authorities, and territory planners. Faro airport movements have been on a constant rise. Faro city has grown, probably, in the same proportion. Both growths can be compared with an Aerotropolis development. Identifying development patterns of growth will be useful for: those responsible for the distribution of services in the territory; those who oversee the airport operation and expansion; those who are responsible for combining the interests of all for the regional development.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sustainability in the airports ecosystem: a literature review

The global challenges of sustainability are transforming the economy of the 21st Century. Economic, social, and environmental sustainability impacts regulators and businesses, particularly in the aviation industry, and facilitates access to productive services and market linkages. Airport stakeholders are increasingly pressuring companies to consider their socioeconomic impacts and manage them sustainably and resiliently. Business is paramount to airport companies in this competitive and economically sensitive climate. Many studies have addressed the issue of airport sustainability from specific perspectives. These perspectives include economic sustainability, benefits related to economic and environmental sustainability, and the impact of operations on the airport environment. This report summarises the current state of airport environmental sustainability practices, including greenhouse gas emissions from airport pavements, energy management strategies for airport buildings and operations, water conservation, and waste management. We aim to provide a clear and integrative picture of these impacts on airport sustainability through a systematic literature review while advancing knowledge A systematic literature review was performed using the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. This systematic literature review sought to consolidate knowledge on the subject. In order to illustrate the link between major categories and their corresponding trends, authors used VOSviewer scientific software. The compilation of existing knowledge on the three components of sustainability likely underscores the importance of overall airport sustainability. It is suggested that further studies be conducted.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Factors influencing risky sexual behaviour among Mozambican miners : a socio-epidemiological contribution for HIV prevention framework in Mozambique

Background: Information dealing with social and behavioural risk factors as well as their mechanisms among Mozambican migrants working in South African mines remains undocumented. This study aims to understand the various factors influencing HIV-related risk behaviours and the resulting HIV positive status of Mozambican miners employed by South African mines. This analysis was undertaken in order to inform a broader and more effective HIV preventive framework in Mozambique. Method: This study relied upon data sourced from the first Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey among Mozambican miners earning their living in South African mines. It employs quantitative techniques using standard statistical tools to substantiate the laid-down objectives. The primary technique applied in this paper is the multivariable statistical method used in the formulation and application of a proximate determinants framework. Results: The odds of reporting one sexual partner were roughly three times higher for miners working as perforators as opposed to other types of occupation. As well, the odds of condom use - always or sometimes - for miners in the 31-40 age group were three times higher than the odds of condom use in the 51+ age group. Miners with lower education levels were less likely to use condoms. The odds of being HIV positive when the miner reports use of alcohol or drugs (sometimes/always) is 0.32 times lower than the odds for those reporting never use of alcohol or drugs. And finally, the odds of HIV positive status for those using condoms were 2.16 times that of miners who never used condoms, controlling for biological and other proximate determinants. Conclusion: In Mozambique, behavioural theory emphasising personal behavioural changes is the main strategy to combat HIV among miners. Our findings suggest there is a need to change thinking processes about how to influence safer sexual behaviour. This is viewed to be the result of a person's individual decision, due to of the complexity of social and contextual factors that may also influence sexual behaviours. This only stresses the need for HIV prevention strategies to exclusively transcend individual factors while considering the broader social and contextual phenomena influencing HIV risk among Mozambican miners