Urban transformation and social change in a Libyan city: an anthropological study of Tripoli

This PhD thesis is a study of urban transformation in a Libyan city. The case study focuses on the city of Tripoli, the capital of Libya. It is at the same time an old city as well as a modern city, and can be identified as a major world city. Libya has experienced one of the highest rates of urbanisation in the last few decades. Libya’s rate of urbanisation is 88%, putting it higher than that of all other African cities and, indeed, some European cities as well. The research explores the urban structure of the city including the cultural and social system. In addition, the research explores crucial urban theories from Iben Khaldun to Louis Wirth and examines modern patterns as a method of feedback of the study of urbanisation. This study shows special characteristics of urban phenomena and adds, in general, to the literature in the field. During the past number of decades, the pattern of life in Tripoli has been transformed, with particular focus on local culture which has felt the impact of global culture. These changes have brought about new aspects and patterns to life in the city. The study also argues that transformation has occurred in some aspects of life such as food and music. Urban transformation in this study is examined within the context of globalisation. That is, in the context of global urban culture with special emphasis on its impact on local culture. Here, the city is seen as a global site with many advantages. The study is therefore an example of appropriation and implementation of a sort of "global knowledge" in a local, Libyan context. It is concerned with the urban transformation and social change of Tripoli as it undergoes a transition from traditional and modern to a global state. In focusing upon the urbanisation and special structure of Tripoli, the first five chapters of the study review the historical social transformation of Tripoli through urban life, global culture, urbanisation, urban family and urban women. The research addresses the Libyan social structure and includes a history of Tripoli and observations on Libyan structure between traditional and global phenomena in relation to urbanisation. In chapter six, an attempt is made to discuss the characteristics of Tripoli. Large numbers of immigrants have swelled Tripoli’s population resulting in unique aspects of change. Tripoli shares many similarities with other cities of the world, such as a modern lifestyle and a growing prevalence of foreign food, music and dress

Performance Evaluation Of An Agitated Thin Film Evaporator For Pineapple Juice Concentration

Concentration is one of the important operations in food industry with applications ranging from the production of condensed milk, paste and purees from fruits. Using an agitated thin film evaporator allows for the concentration to be undertaken at low temperature and short residence time with reduced heat loss for heat sensitive material. The parameters that influence an agitated thin film evaporator process are steam temperature; product feed rate, vacuum pressure, rotor speed, physical and thermal properties of the product and the overall heat transfer coefficient. These indicate that the process is a very complex heat and mass transfer an operation that requires optimization in order to reduce the cost and maintain the product quality The overall heat transfer coefficients (U,) of pineapple juices (fresh juice of 11.3, 14.4, 19.9. and 27.3 "Brix) were determined using a laboratory scale agitated thin film evaporator (ATFE) under different rotational speeds (200, 400, and 600 rpm),liquid flow rates (25, 35, and 45 Ilh), and at constant steam and vacuum pressure. The Experiments were conducted with water and (U,) for water determined under the different parameters. S ~ meq uations to predict the Thermophysical properties of the pineapple juices at different concentrations were derived from the experimental data (density and viscosity) and others taken from the literature. The overall heat transfer coefficients (U,) were determined based on inner heat surface area. The magnitude of (U,) ranged from 390 to 2700 W / m" CTh. e performance of the evaporator was evaluated and determined .Some of the pineapple juices quality parameters before and after concentration were studied for effects of concentration by ATFE .The juice color was very little changed based on the Hunter lab values measurements, while the vitamin C contents were decreased by 10.1 %, and 23.13% for the 16.8 and 40.3 "Brix ,respectivel

Graduate Work Skill

One purpose of higher education is to graduate students who will become productive citizens. Some researchers are suggested that every member of an institution of higher education is responsible for promoting educationally purposeful activities that lead to producing good citizens. They argued that students, faculty, administrators, and staff should attempt to prepare students for productive lives after college. There are various ways that students can learn these skills. However, they can be learned in the classroom, and through extracurricular activities and etc. This present study is investigated if accounting graduates from University Utara Malaysia College of Business, a public institution, perceived that their accounting curriculum enhanced the development of their personal competencies of professional demeanor, accounting knowledge, auditing knowledge , computer knowledge, economics, law, leadership,logical reasoning, memorization, oral communications, professionalism, problem solving, statistics, time management, written communications, and working well with others. A survey of accounting graduates who in final semester of program of master together the data of this study. Responses from the students with different curricular paths were compared to determine if significant differences existed in their perceptions of the development of their personal competencies

Limit load solution for mismatched welded plate and pressure vessel with a surface crack

Na ponašanje strukture pri lomu, koja ima prslinu na sredini vara, utiču mehaničke osobine sastavnih delova zavarenog spoja (metal šava, osnovni materijal, zona uticaja toplote) i njihova geometrija. Zbog toga su razvijeni postupci procene oštećenja koji treba da uzmu u obzir sve te uticajne parametre. Jedna od ključnih stvari u ovom postupku je da se dobiju rešenja graničnih opterećenja nesrodne strukture. Ova rešenja su dobijena korišćenjem 3D-rešenja metodom konačnih elemenata za različite konfiguracije kao što su: zategnuta ploča sa površinskom prslinom ili posuda pod pritiskom sa spoljnom osnom površinskom prslinom izložena unutrašnjem pritisku, poˇsto su ova granična opterećenja dobijena materijalnim eksponentom za slučaj bez ojačanja.Fracture behavior of a structure having a crack in the middle of a weld is influenced by the mechanical properties of the welded joint constituents (weld metal, base metal, heat-affected-zone) and their geometry. Therefore, defect assessment procedures have been developed in order to take into account all those affecting parameters. One of the key point for all those defect assessment procedures is to have limit load solutions of the mismatch structure. Such limit load solutions have been obtained by using 3D finite element solutions for different configurations such as plate with surface crack in tension or pressure vessel with axial external surface crack exposed to internal pressure, since those limit load have been obtained for non-hardening material exponent

Limit load solution for mismatched welded plate and pressure vessel with a surface crack

Na ponašanje strukture pri lomu, koja ima prslinu na sredini vara, utiču mehaničke osobine sastavnih delova zavarenog spoja (metal šava, osnovni materijal, zona uticaja toplote) i njihova geometrija. Zbog toga su razvijeni postupci procene oštećenja koji treba da uzmu u obzir sve te uticajne parametre. Jedna od ključnih stvari u ovom postupku je da se dobiju rešenja graničnih opterećenja nesrodne strukture. Ova rešenja su dobijena korišćenjem 3D-rešenja metodom konačnih elemenata za različite konfiguracije kao što su: zategnuta ploča sa površinskom prslinom ili posuda pod pritiskom sa spoljnom osnom površinskom prslinom izložena unutrašnjem pritisku, poˇsto su ova granična opterećenja dobijena materijalnim eksponentom za slučaj bez ojačanja.Fracture behavior of a structure having a crack in the middle of a weld is influenced by the mechanical properties of the welded joint constituents (weld metal, base metal, heat-affected-zone) and their geometry. Therefore, defect assessment procedures have been developed in order to take into account all those affecting parameters. One of the key point for all those defect assessment procedures is to have limit load solutions of the mismatch structure. Such limit load solutions have been obtained by using 3D finite element solutions for different configurations such as plate with surface crack in tension or pressure vessel with axial external surface crack exposed to internal pressure, since those limit load have been obtained for non-hardening material exponent

Toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence in Libyan epileptic children. A contolled study

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatría. Fecha de lectura: 8-09-2017Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 8-03-201

An evaluation of land degradation and desertification in the Jeffara Plain, Libya.

The research develops the Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use methods and makes then more appropriate for studying land degradation in arid and semi-arid zones. In this research, three approaches were applied to land degradation assessment in the central southern part of the Jeffara Plain in Libya: remote sensing, Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) and Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).The Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use Method was used to determine the environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) in the study area. In addition, this model has been developed by adding two parameters: groundwater management and wind speed. These were not directly applied in the original MEDALUS model and their incorporation makes the method more suitable to the arid and semi-arid zones.Landsat images were used for the years 1986, 1996 and 2002 and Spot images for the year 2009. The supervised classification (the enhanced maximum likelihood classification) algorithm was applied to generate land cover maps together with the matrix analysis. They were used to analyse and extract land information covering the changes in the study area; they detected and assessed the changes for the period from 1986 to 2009.In addition to processing the satellite MODIS images, the data were used to identify the relationship between the climate and the vegetation indices (NDVI) for the period from 2001 to 2009.The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine quantitatively the average annual soil loss in the study area. A GIS file was created for each factor of the USLE: precipitation, soil type, land cover, and slope, combined with the cell-grid modelling procedures in Arc GIS to predict the soil erosion risk.The results obtained from remote sensing demonstrated significant decrease in natural vegetation and significant degradation in most of the land in the study area. About 85% of the study area was 'moderate' or 'severe' in terms of degradation, as defined land cover maps and land degradation maps were produced for the study area. Findings from the Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use method showed that almost 75% of the total study area was sensitive to 'critical' desertification. A map for the environmentally sensitive areas vulnerable to desertification was produced for the study area.In contrast, the results obtained from USLE revealed 'slight' erosion rates in the rangelands and the agricultural lands which together account for 76% of the total land area. A soil erosion map was also produced for the study area

Una experiencia de introducción temprana del pensamiento pre-algebraico con niños de 7 años

Presentamos una experiencia de aula enfocada a despertar procesos característicos del pensamiento pre-algebraico en niños de 2º de Educación Primaria. Se parte de la hipótesis de que los niños son capaces de desarrollar métodos y pensamiento algebraicos más allá de los considerados meramente aritméticos. A tal efecto se han diseñado un conjunto de actividades que, sin sustituir materia, pueden ser incorporadas al currículo. El experimento ha sido realizado en dos centros educativos y a un total de 82 alumnos. Los resultados obtenidos se han analizado de forma cualitativa y cuantitativa a partir de elementos de medición previamente establecidos y de la observación en el aula

Characterization the Composite Polyimide Films with Nickel after Heat Treatment

Characterization of the polyimide-based composite films containing carbon particles was studied and the kinetics of the initial stage of carbonization and the effect of the filler on the properties of the carbonized films were evaluated. Two polyimide (PI) characterized by different rigidity and different degrees of ordering of the intermolecular structure were used. The character of the particles action on the kinetics of the carbonization process depends on the heating rate. In this work, we demonstrated the incorporation of different foreign elements into carbon films by mixing a Nickel with a poly (amic acid) in solution followed by heat treatment. It was found that Nickel in the polyimide film promotes the carbonization of matrix polyimide and also an increase of the electrical conductivity and magnetic property of the films. The growth of metal particles in carbon films and the change from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior were observed with the increase of carbonization temperature. Here in, a polyimide film containing Nickel of 0.6 at% of the total number of atoms in the precursor mixture and heat–treated films were investigated in some detail. Systematic measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman are used. That showed the quantitative changes of structure and property with carbonizatio

Recognition of Arabic Air-Written Letters: Machine Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Techniques

Air writing is one of the essential fields that the world is turning to, which can benefit from the world of the metaverse, as well as the ease of communication between humans and machines. The research literature on air writing and its applications shows significant work in English and Chinese, while little research is conducted in other languages, such as Arabic. To fill this gap, we propose a hybrid model that combines feature extraction with deep learning models and then uses machine learning (ML) and optical character recognition (OCR) methods and applies grid and random search optimization algorithms to obtain the best model parameters and outcomes. Several machine learning methods (e.g., neural networks (NNs), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbours (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM)) are applied to deep features extracted from deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), such as VGG16, VGG19, and SqueezeNet. Our study uses the AHAWP dataset, which consists of diverse writing styles and hand sign variations, to train and evaluate the models. Prepossessing schemes are applied to improve data quality by reducing bias. Furthermore, OCR character (OCR) methods are integrated into our model to isolate individual letters from continuous air-written gestures and improve recognition results. The results of this study showed that the proposed model achieved the best accuracy of 88.8% using NN with VGG16