Improvement of Pork Quality at Different Values of Pig Productivity

This article examines how to increase pork meat productivity and quality indicators through the use of crossbreeding. The aim is to increase the meat productivity of animals; reduce losses during production and processing; and improve the criteria for assessing the quality of meat and the organization of its rational use. The purpose of our research is to study the productive quality of the steppe type of pigs, used in the Rostov region in breeding and crossing systems, and the complex of biological and internal indicators in connection with the defects in the quality of pork. Four groups with 16 animals in each were formed: the first group – with the intensive cultivation technology, included pigs of the DM-1 breed, the second – SM-1, the third – the SM-1 × DM-1 crossbreed, the fourth – the DM-1 × SM-1 crossbreed. Analysis of the raw meat showed that the pork had a good ability to emulsify and gel, and had a high nutritional value. The toxicity index in the muscle and fat tissue samples corresponded to the first permissible toxicity group. The study shows the advantages of crossbred individuals over purebred ones, which can be explained by the consequences of heterosis. According to the research results, the use of pig breeding in the industrial production of pork can be recommended in order to improve feedstock and meat productivity, biological and interior indicators, as well as the quality of raw meat. Keywords: pork, crossbreeding, meat productivity, meat quality, steppe type of pigs, interior indicators, fattening qualities, biological and nutritional value of por

Kustannustehokas lisäarvon tuottaminen logistiikkapalvelussa

Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää, miten yritys pystyy tuottamaan lisäarvoa asiakkaille mahdollisimman kustannustehokkaasti omassa logistiikkapalvelussa. On-gelmana lisäarvon tuottamisessa logistiikkapalvelussa ovat nousevat kustannukset. Työssä kerrotaan siitä, miten voidaan parantaa asiakassuhteita ja asiakastyytyväisyyttä samalla parantaen kustannustehokkuutta ja tehollisuutta logistiikkapalvelussa. Ongelmaa tarkastellaan strategisella päätöksentekotasolla. Kustannustehokkuuden yhteydes-sä puhutaan myös asiakaskannattavuudesta ja siitä, mikä merkitys sillä on asiakassuh-teiden kehittämisessä. Toimeksiantaja oli kiinnostunut asiakassuhteiden kehittämisestä. Opinnäytetyön ta-voitteena oli kartoittaa toimeksiantajalle logistiikkapalvelun mahdollisia kehittämiskohteita, jotka parantavat asiakastyytyväisyyttä ja lisäävät toiminnan tehollisuutta. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin osittain kvantitatiivisena ja osittain laadullisena tutkimuksena. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kyselylomakkeella toimeksiantajan asiakkaille. Kvanti-tatiivisia menetelmiä käytettiin asiakassegmentoinnissa. Tuloksista ilmeni, että toimeksiantajan tärkeimmät logistiikkapalvelun ulottuvuudet ovat tuotteiden saatavuus ja nopea reagointi. Toimeksiantajan logistiikkapalvelun ke-hittämiskohteet olivat tuotteiden laatu, toimitusvarmuus ja tuotteiden saatavuus.This thesis examined the cost-effectiveness of value adding in logistic service. The problem of producing value to customers has always considered to be rising costs. This work investigates how company can improve its customer relationships and customer satisfaction with logistic service cost-effectively. The problem was investigated on strategic level. In addition to efficiency and cost-effectiveness, this work covers customer segmentation as means to improve effectiveness of value adding. Due to interest of work’s commissioner to improve customer relationships, the aim of this work was to find potential development aspects in company’s logistic service, which would improve customer satisfaction and efficiency in logistic service. Data for this study was gathered with an inquiry. Inquiry was sent out to commissioner’s customers which are the retailers of S-group operating in Kymenlaakso region. Customer segmentation was carried out using quantitative analyzing methods. The key aspect of cost-effectiveness in value adding is using company’s resources ac-cording to service dimensions, which have the greatest impact on customer satisfac-tion. The potential development aspects according to inquiry results were in product quality and level of product availability. The most important dimensions of logistics service for customers were product availability and fast response

«THE JOHN’S PENTECOST» IN CASSIAN BEZOBRAZOV AND SERGEI BULGAKOV

The author deals with a remote discussion about interpretation of Jn 20. 19–23 (Christ’s appearance after Resurrection and sending down the Holy Spirit to the apostles) which took place between archpriest Sergei Bulgakov and archimandrite Cassian (Bezobrazov). Reasoning of both theologians for their opposite interpretations is reconstructed relying on two never published texts from the Archive of the St. Sergius Orthodox Theological Institute in Paris. Both authors had been united in bonds of close friendship and long-term collaboration at the Saint-Serge. However, since the outbreak of the Sophia controversy archim. Cassian became a forced opponent of his senior colleague and spiritual father at once. Still his objections never were public and hostile. Fr. Cassian sought for a positive alternative to Bulgakov’s sophiological constructions. His exegetical reflections brought him to a hypothesis of the John’s Pentecost, substantiation of which followed his specific understanding of pneumatology of the fourth Gospel. While prejudicing the established opinion that Jn 20 relates a preliminary or preparatory bestowal of the Holy Spirit by Jesus, which precedes the foundation of the Church on the day of Pentecost, fr. Cassian endeavors to depict a particular approach of St. John to the mystery of Christ’s Resurrection and Ascension. Both theologians treated the same Gospel text differently when speaking about revelation of Christ’s dwelling in the world in the Holy Spirit. The author states that Bulgakov underestimated exegetical argumentation of his opponent. Fr. Cassian’s theological statement of appearance of the Son and the Spirit in unity was devoid of disputable sophiological component. Fr. Cassian pinpointed the Christ-centered aspect of the gift of the Holy Spirit. The discussion reviewed in the article permits to better understand positions of both authors and provides with additional information about the history of the so called “Paris theology

On the Problem of Critical Electric Field of Atmospheric Air

It is traditionally accepted to define the dielectric strength of air as an electric field corresponding to the balance between the rates of impact ionization and electrons’ attachment to neutrals. Its reduced value is known to be about 110 Td regardless of the altitude above the mean sea level. In this study, the altitude profile of the critical electric field of atmospheric air in the 0–40 km altitude range is specified. Unlike the conventional approach, a wide range of additional plasma-chemical processes occurring in atmospheric air, such as electron detachment from negative ions and ion-ion conversion is taken into account. Atmospheric air is considered to be a mixture of N2:O2 = 4:1 containing a small amount of chemically active small gas components, such as water vapor, atomic oxygen, ozone, and several types of nitrogen oxides. It is shown that the dielectric strength of air falls noticeably compared to its conventional value. The results of the study can be important to solve the problems of initiation and propagation of lightning discharges, blue starters, and blue jets