69 research outputs found
REMOTE HOLTER LONGITUDINAL MONITORING - PROMISING DIRECTION IN TELEHEALTH DEVELOPMENT
The aim of the telehealth project is to study possible performance of remote analysis of Holter outcomes. We present experience of of our institution and remore Holter monitoring fulfillment. We studied diagnostic advantages of its remote performance. We used portable recorders and proprietary software. Analysis was performed by three physicians of the functional diagnosis department, Scientific Research Institute - Ochapovsky Regional Clinic Hospital #1. By present we performed more 2000 examinations. Clinical cases demonstrating advantages of remote Holter monitoring are described. We discussed perspective of this direction of telehealth. To this system 25 stations of registration devices were connected up in cities and territories of Krasnodar region. We apply 30 cardio-recorders of various producers. Thus, in Krasnodar region the full-scale system of remote Holter monitoring functions and advances now and this has been reached due to active introduction of modern innovative technologies in the field of communication, informatics and development of the software
ΠΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ
In recent decades, the intensity of the use of pigs has increased significantly. In such conditions, the body of animals is used almost to the limit of its capabilities. In this regard, the administration of many physiological functions is disrupted, the morbidity and decrease in the performance of pigs significantly increase. The increase in the level of drug use does not solve these issues. For example, the uncontrolled use of antibiotics can lead to even more significant problems - the development of antibiotic resistance. Despite this, in modern pig breeding, considerable attention is paid to the development and implementation of methods for the prevention of diseases in pigs. An important component of such activities is to ensure optimal conditions for the comfort and well-being of animals. This, in turn, implies a reduction in the negative impact of stress factors in raising and fattening pigs. The aim of our research was to get acquainted with modern literature data on the features of the influence of stressors on productivity and physiological functions of pigs. During the writing of this review article, we reviewed data from current research on the effects of stressors on the productivity and physiological functions of pigs in rearing and fattening. For this purpose, the funds of the scientific library of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, scientific research systems Science-Direct and PubMed were used. An important task of veterinary service of modern pig breeding complexes is to ensure optimal parameters of the microclimate, feeding quality feed, reducing the negative impact of stress factors. Ensuring proper housing conditions contributes to the improvement of qualitative and quantitative indicators of pig productivity (at slaughter, during slaughter, etc.). In this regard, we believe that a promising area of research is to study the effects of certain stressors and their combinations on the body of pigs and find methods to correct them.Π ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π£ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π· ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΉ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ² Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΉΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ β ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅, Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ²Π°Π³Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Ρ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½. Π¦Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π±Π°ΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π»Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΉΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π· ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΉΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π· Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π»Ρ. Π ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠ±Π»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Science-Direct ΡΠ° PubMed. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Ρ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ, Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ². ΠΠ°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ. Π£ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π· ΡΠΈΠΌ Π²Π²Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΌΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΡΡ
Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°
In this work, the following tasks were solved: to perform a comparative analysis of data processing methods when calculating recovery factors; to evaluate the influence of time-of-flight technology and PSF function on the recovery factor and the forecast of recovery factor deviation for potential pathological foci with a diameter of 6β8 mm; to evaluate the influence of parameters of iterative reconstruction algorithms, Gaussian filter and axial filters on the recovery factor. The calculation of the recovery factors was carried out on the basis of quantitative characteristics obtained in the analysis of reconstructions of images of the IEC phantom with six spheres installed inside and filled with a radiopharmaceutical. Eight series of experiments with background / sphere activity ratios 1/3, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/12, 1/14, 1/16, 1/20 were carried out with the same concentration of activity in the spheres during each separate experiment. The forecast of the effect of the partial volume effect on lesions with a diameter of 6 to 8 mm was carried out, taking into account the used reconstruction algorithms. It is advisable to use the results obtained to harmonize diagnostic protocols for scanning with positron emission tomographs using the input parameters of reconstruction algorithms and filters, which will minimize the error in the quantitative assessment of a radiopharmaceutical when analyzing the dynamics of the development of a pathological process, as well as the response of pathology to therapy.ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ PSF-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π΄Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ 6β8 ΠΌΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ², ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΎΠ² β Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° IEC c ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½/ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° 1/3, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/12, 1/14, 1/16, 1/20 ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ 6 Π΄ΠΎ 8 ΠΌΠΌ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ
ΠΠ Π’ ΠΈ ΠΠ’-Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ III. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ’-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ
As a result of solving a large number of technical problems (increasing the area of anatomical coverage and scanning speed, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, improving spatial and contrast resolution, building a color image quality in 3D mode, significantly reducing the radiation dose), the method of computed tomography imaging of the vascular system has won a leading position in the world today. However, if CT Angiography is used everywhere and daily in the diagnosis of arterial pathology, this method has not yet received clinical recognition in patients with chronic venous diseases.This review of the literature analyzes the scientific data published in the world on the results of CT Venography. Methods of indirect and direct contrast CT Venography are described. The possibility of using contrast CT Venography in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis is shown, where the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the method according to foreign authors is up to 97.9%, 96.8% and 100%, respectively. This method acquires particular importance in the diagnosis of pelvic vein thrombosis and inferior Vena cava, where the informative value of USDS is lower. The second clinical direction that is actively developing today is the combined use of CT Venography and CT Angiopulmonography in the diagnosis of a deadly complication of pulmonary embolism. The prospects of these attempts are preferable by the following advantages: the single-time study and the absence of the need for additional administration of contrast agents, the speed of scanning, and obtaining additional information about the state of the peripheral venous system in patients with venous thromboembolism.Another and irreplaceable tool of contrast-enhanced CT Venography can become in the study of the features of the topographic and anatomical structure of the venous bed. Using their own research, the authors demonstrate the possibilities of direct CT Venography in the visualization of the venous system of the lower extremities.The need for more accurate topical diagnostics with 3D visualization of the venous system of the lower extremities and pelvis by CT-Venography is due to the growing interest in recent years of vascular and interventional surgeons to test and more actively implement endovasal methods of correction of venous blood flow in phlebological practice.Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ (ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»/ΡΡΠΌ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² 3D-ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π°Π» Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ’-Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ’-Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ’-Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ’-Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅Π½, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 97,9, 96,8 ΠΈ 100% ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° Π²Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π£ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ’-Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ’-Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ: ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ.ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ’-Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»Π°. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ’-Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ 3D-Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ’-Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°
ΠΠ Π’- Π ΠΠ’-Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π§Π°ΡΡΡ II. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ Π’-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π½
In this literature review, the analysis of the studies of venous blood flow pathology in the inferior Vena cava system using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is carried out. Special attention is paid to the attempts made to use this method in the diagnosis of chronic lower limb vein disorders (CVD) through magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Historically and methodically, the gradual introduction of MRV methods in the diagnosis of lower limb vein thrombosis (LEDVT) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been shown.Methods of non-contrast MRV based on the effect of blood flow, as in the case of MR-Angiography, are divided into two principal groups: methods based on the amplitude effects of Time-of-Flight (TOF) and methods based on Phase Contrast effects (PC). Techniques for conducting contrast-free MRV are described in detail. Attention is paid to pulse sequences used in the world for visualization of veins in contrast-free MRV in TOF and PC mode (FR-FBI, SPADE, SSFP) and post-processing methods: 2D-TOF MRV FLASH, 2D-TOF MRV CRASS, FIPS, VED, VENS.Contrast-enhanced MRV (CE MRV) is based on the use of βblood poolβ contrast agents, which feature the ability to form stable compounds with blood plasma proteins. Worldwidesubstances with magnetic and supermagnetic properties based on gadolinium or iron oxide are used as contrast agents for CE MRV. The result of using these contrast agents is an increase in the quality of visualization due to a better signal to noise ratio (SNR) using 3D image processing (3D CE MRV) using fast sequences: GRE, TFLAS, VESPA, CAT, in conditions of direct and indirect CE MRV.It is noted that in recent years, certain restrictions have been imposed on certain linear contrast agents containing gadolinium in their further use. Therefore, for the purpose of CE MRV, it is efficientl to use only cyclic contrast agents to avoid unnecessary risks.Contrast-free MRV has again received intensive development in recent years, due to the restrictions imposed, one of these methods is direct thrombus imaging (Direct Thrombus Imaging β DTI or Magnetic Resonance Direct Thrombus Imaging - MRDTI) using fast pulse sequences: bSSFP, BBTI, DANTE. The latest research on this LEDVT diagnostic method was published in 2019 and has shown high diagnostic value.For all the most commonly used methods of MRV, specificity and sensitivity are shown.Further MRV in patients with CVD and DVT is a promising diagnostic task in modern phlebology. MRV should be introduced into clinical practice more actively than it is today.Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (Magnetic Resonance Imaging β MRI). ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ (Chronic Venous Disorders β CVD) ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (MRV). ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² MRV Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° Π²Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ (LEDVT) ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° (VTE).ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ MRV, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ MR-Angiography, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° (Time-of-Flight β TOF), ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
(Phase Contrast β PC). Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ MRV ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ. Π£Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ MRV Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ TOF ΠΈ Π Π‘ (FR-FBI, SPADE, SSFP), ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: 2D-TOF MRV FLASH, 2D-TOF MRV CRASS, FIPS, VED, VENS.Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ MRV (Contrast-Enhanced MRV β CE MRV) Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² βΠΏΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈβ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. Π ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ CE MRV ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π³Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»/ΡΡΠΌ (Signal to Noise Ratio β SNR) Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ 3D (3D-CE MRV) Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ: GRE, TFLAS, VESPA, CAT Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π‘E MRV.ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘E MRV ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ².ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ MRV Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π» ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±Π° (Direct Thrombus Imaging β DTI ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Magnetic Resonance Direct Thrombus Imaging β MRDTI) Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ: bSSFP, BBTI, DANTE. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ LEDVT Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² 2019 Π³. ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ.Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ MRV ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ MRV Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ CVD ΠΈ DVT ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. MRV Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ
Molecular-statistical approach to a behavior of ferroelectric, antiferroelectric and ferrielectric smectic phases in the electric field
The fundamental theoretical approach derived in A.V. Emelyanenko et al., Phys. Rev. E 74, 011705 (2006) is complemented by a consideration of the influence of the homogeneous electric field on Sm- C
A
* , biaxial intermediate phases, and Sm-C
* . The crucial role of the induced polarization is investigated for the first time. The evolution of any tilted smectic phase in the electric field is found to meet the two thresholds. The first threshold corresponds to the unwinding process, and the second one corresponds to the phase transition into the bi-domain structure of Sm-C
* , where the tilt plane has some contribution either along or against the electric field, while the average direction may still be perpendicular to the electric field. The tilt plane in the monodomain (conventional) structure preceding the second threshold is the same in every unwound phase, and is perpendicular to the electric field. No 3D distortion in Sm- C
A
* is predicted on application of the electric field. The entire electric-field-temperature phase diagrams including the possibility of existence of the maximal number of tilted smectic phases are plotted and compared with the experimental ones. The numerical calculations in the framework of this fundamental study are done with help of AFLC Phase Diagram Plotter software developed by the author and available at his web page
Molecular theory of helical sense inversions in chiral nematic liquid crystals
A molecular theory of the helical twisting in chiral liquid crystals is developed, which provides an explanation for the experimentally observed helical sense inversion induced by a change of concentration in binary mixtures of chiral and nonchiral nematic liquid crystals. The theory also describes the sense inversion induced by a change of temperature observed in some single component nematics. The theory present is based on a simple model of a chiral rigid molecule, composed of several equivalent nonchiral sites, which are arranged in the molecule to form a chiral configuration. The macroscopic helical pitch in the chiral nematic phase, twist elastic constant, and nematic order parameters are calculated using the same molecular model. It is shown that the helical sense inversion can be determined by a large biaxiality of chiral molecules, it is also demonstrated that the biaxiality is important in determining the variation of the helical pitch with temperature and concentration
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