Can Leaders Step Outside of the Gender Box? An Examination of Leadership and Gender Role Stereotypes

This study examined gender stereotypes for leaders using a more indirect method than is typical in stereotype research. Rather than reveal the leader\u27s gender, this study used vignettes in which the leader\u27s gender was unknown. Consistent with their hypothesis, the authors found that participants were more likely to infer a male (female) gender identity than a female (male) gender identity when presented with a leader using a masculine (feminine) style. They also hypothesized that a leader using a gender-consistent leadership style would be viewed more positively than a leader using a gender-inconsistent style. Contrary to this hypothesis, results revealed that men using a gender-inconsistent (feminine) style were actually evaluated more positively than men using a gender-consistent style. It is interesting that a perceived female leader who used a gender-inconsistent (masculine) style was evaluated more positively than a perceived male leader who used a masculine style, but only by female participants. Possible explanations for these results are discussed

Stand-off 3D face imaging and vibrometry for biometric identification using digital holography

Lockheed Martin Coherent Technologies (LMCT) has demonstrated 3D face imaging at ~ 1-2 mm lateral resolution and range precision at stand-off distances up to 100 m using digital holography. LMCT has also demonstrated the digital holography technique in a multi-pixel vibrometry mode in the laboratory. In this paper, we report on 3D face imaging using multiple-source (MS) and multiple-wavelength (MW) digital holography breadboards. We will briefly discuss the theory of 3D imaging using MS and MW digital holography with references to the literature. We will also briefly discuss the theory of vibrometry using a digital holographic setup. We then describe our implementation of these techniques in breadboard setups operating at 1550 nm wavelength (for MS digital holography) and at wavelengths near 1617 nm (for MW digital holography). We also present experimental results for 3D imaging and for vibrometry with these digital holographic setups

Application of new statistical distribution approaches for environmental mixture risk assessment: A case study

Objectives: There is growing evidence that single substances present below their individual thresholds of effect may still contribute to combined effects. In component-based mixture risk assessment (MRA), the risks can be addressed using information on the mixture components. This is, however, often hampered by limited availability of ecotoxicity data. Here, the possible use of ecotoxicological threshold concentrations of no concern (i.e. 5th percentile of statistical distribution of ecotoxicological values) is investigated to fill data gaps in MRA. Methods: For chemicals without available aquatic toxicity data, ecotoxicological threshold concentrations of no concern have been derived from Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) distributions and from chemical toxicity distributions, using the EnviroTox tool, with and without considering the chemical mode of action. For exposure, chemical monitoring data from European rivers have been used to illustrate four realistic co-exposure scenarios. Based on those monitoring data and available ecotoxicity data or threshold concentrations when no data were available, Risk Quotients for individual chemicals were calculated, to then derive a mixture Risk Quotient (RQmix). Results: A risk was identified in two of the four scenarios. Threshold concentrations contribute from 24 to 95% of the whole RQmix; thus they have a large impact on the predicted mixture risk. Therefore they could only be used for data gap filling for a limited number of chemicals in the mixture. The use of mode of action information to derive more specific threshold values could be a helpful refinement in some cases.JRC.F.3-Chemicals Safety and Alternative Method

Findings from a Combined Subsea LiDAR and Multibeam Survey at Kingston Reef, Western Australia

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), a comparatively new technology in the field of underwater surveying, has principally been used for taking precise measurement of undersea structures in the oil and gas industry. Typically, the LiDAR is deployed on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), which will “land” on the seafloor in order to generate a 3D point cloud of its environment from a stationary position. To explore the potential of subsea LiDAR on a moving platform in an environmental context, we deployed an underwater LiDAR system simultaneously with a multibeam echosounder (MBES), surveying Kingston Reef off the coast of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. This paper compares and summarises the relative accuracy and characteristics of underwater LiDAR and multibeam sonar and investigates synergies between sonar and LiDAR technology for the purpose of benthic habitat mapping and underwater simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). We found that LiDAR reflectivity and multibeam backscatter are complementary technologies for habitat mapping, which can combine to discriminate between habitats that could not be mapped with either one alone. For robot navigation, SLAM can be effectively applied with either technology, however, when a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is available, SLAM does not significantly improve the self-consistency of multibeam data, but it does for LiDAR

Results and lessons learned from a virtual multi-institutional problem-based interprofessional learning approach: The VIPE program

The importance of interprofessional collaborative practice has come into focus over the past decade as coordination and delivery of health care becomes increasingly complex. The need for students to acquire collaboration-building skills to prepare them to work effectively within diverse healthcare teams to improve patient outcomes is a goal of interprofessional education (IPE). Accrediting bodies across healthcare professions require IPE as part of a robust curriculum to build collaborative skill sets and create a practice ready workforce. To respond to this need, an online healthcare program developed an innovative model for student collaboration across professions and institutions through a virtual interprofessional education (VIPE) program. The VIPE model aims to simulate clinical practice via an asynchronous and synchronous pedagogical approach that combines PBL/CBL with psychological safety. VIPE demonstrated statistically significant gains in knowledge and positive attitudes toward interprofessional collaborative practice as a result of participation in the VIPE program. During COVID-19, the demand for high quality IPE for health professions\u27 students in virtual settings has grown, VIPE has the potential to be a solution for this. VIPE requires a dedicated committee and technical lead. Further research could involve longitudinal studies and nonaggregate models