A Decade of Experience with Radical Abdominal Trachelectomy after Supracervical Hysterectomy

Background: The supracervical hysterectomy is no longer indicated for the treatment of female genital disease.Patient and Methods: All women who had trachelectomy after supracervical hysterectomy between 2010 and 2020 had their records reviewed at Cairo University's National Cancer Institute (NCI) Hospital.Results: A total of 34 trachelectomy surgeries were performed during a ten-year period. The patients were 42 to 72 years old, with a mean +SD of 55+7.5. Recurrent vaginal bleeding was the reason for trachelectomy in 67.6% of cases due to residual disease found in hysterectomy specimens, with pathologic evidence of uterine malignancy in 47.2%, and 11.7 percent of patients had cervical malignancy. Uterine stromal sarcoma was found in 5.9% of the cases. There were 11.8% of cases with uterine fibroids, 7.8% with endometrial hyperplasia, and 2.9 % with uterine adenomyosis who had true benign lesions. There were no pathology reports available in 8.8% of the cases. The pathology of the trachelectomy revealed that 26.5% of patients had no residual disease, while 73.5% had the residual disease in the cervical stump, with 32.4% having cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 20.6% having uterine adenocarcinoma, 8.8% having cervical adenocarcinoma, and 2.9% having cervical adenosquamous. Mullerian carcinoma was found in 2.9% of the cases, whereas undifferentiated carcinoma was found in 2.9%. In 61.8% of cases, bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was coupled with trachelectomy for radical excision of gross malignancy.Conclusions: A significant number of patients who had a subtotal hysterectomy for apparent benign illness required trachelectomy within a few months

Gases Reservoirs Fluid Phase Behavior

This chapter discusses the fundamentals of the phase behavior of hydrocarbon fluids. Real reservoir fluids contain many more than two, three, or four components; therefore, phase-composition data can no longer be represented with two, three or four coordinates. Instead, phase diagrams that give more limited information are used. The behavior of reservoir of a reservoir fluid during producing is determined by the shape of its phase diagram and the position of its critical point. Many of producing characteristic of each type of fluid will be discussed. Ensuing chapters will address the physical properties of these three natural gas reservoir fluids, with emphasis on retrograde gas condensate gas, dry gas, and wet gas

Odontogenic tumors:a retrospective study in Egyptian population using WHO 2017 classification

Odontogenic tumors (OTs) are considered important among oral lesions because of their clinicopathological heterogeneity and variable biological behavior. The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to evaluate the frequency and distribution of different types of odontogenic tumors based on the current 2017 WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumors over a period of 5 years. This was achieved by reviewing the records of Cairo's educational hospitals and institutions and comparing the results with findings in the literature. The records of patients diagnosed with odontogenic tumors were obtained from six educational hospitals and a single institute in Cairo which included: Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University; General Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University; Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University; Eldemerdash Hospital, Ain Shams University; El-Sayed Galal Hospital, Al-Azhar University; Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital and National Cancer Institute. These records were reviewed over a 5-year (2014-2018) period and the odontogenic tumors were investigated for frequency, age, gender and site. The data were recorded, then analyzed using SPSS software. Intraosseous (central) odontogenic tumors constituted 2.56% of all 8974 registered oral and maxillofacial biopsies. A total of 230 cases of OTs were collected and reviewed. Of these, 97.8% were benign and 2.17% were malignant. The mandible was the most commonly affected anatomic location. Ameloblastoma, with a predilection for the posterior mandible, was the most frequent odontogenic tumor (55.65%), followed by cemento-ossifying fibroma (14.78%) and odontoma (9.13%). Females were more commonly affected than males. Most of the patients were in the third and fourth decades of life. There were no peripheral odontogenic tumors diagnosed in this period. Some similarities and differences between our findings and those of previous studies of various populations were witnessed. OTs may greatly diverge according to the version of the classification used and by the sample size of the study. Retrospective analysis of the relative frequency of OTs in different countries will be helpful in enhancing the understanding of OTs, which is important for both oral maxillofacial surgeons and pathologists

Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Egyptian Medical Students Toward the Novel Coronavirus Disease-19: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND: People in times of pandemics, crave after any medical field member (including medical students) to gain their knowledge and correct their behaviors. AIM: We aimed to assess medical students’ coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 related knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAB). METHODS: The study is an exploratory cross-sectional study, conducted among medical students using an online survey. Medical students were classified according to their current academic year into either early year’s group (first 3 years in the medical school) or final year’s group (past 3 years in the medical school). RESULTS: A total of 2255 students completed the questionnaire. Regarding their COVID-19 related knowledge; 63.4% gave unsatisfactory responses (answered <75% of the questionnaire items correctly). Most of males (62.9%) and females (64.1%) gave unsatisfactory responses. CONCLUSION: Most of students had unsatisfactory responses of the current pandemic; however, the final year’s group had a significantly higher score in nearly all questionnaire (KAB) subsections than the early year’s group. The majority of both groups significantly believed that there are undeclared numbers in Egypt. Facebook and other platforms were the most common sources of information

Hospital Preparedness for Critical Care during COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploratory Cross-sectional Study

AIM: The researchers conducted the study to assess intensive care units (ICUs) preparedness in Cairo University Hospitals to deal efficiently and effectively with COVID-19 upcoming waves. METHODS: An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted at Cairo University Intensive Care Units 6 pediatric ICUs, and 2 adult ICUs in the period from the end of February to the first week of March, 2020; almost 2 weeks after the appearance of the first case of COVID-19 in Egypt by hand-delivered questionnaire method with one of the ICU staff members who were available and have time to take part in the study. WHO checklist for hospital readiness was used; this checklist based on current knowledge and available evidence on the COVID-19 pandemic for WHO’s Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The WHO has developed the checklist to help hospital managers prepare for COVID-19 patient management by optimizing each hospital’s capacities. The list composed of 10 key components: (1) Leadership and coordination; (2) operational support, logistics and supply management; (3) information; (4) communication; (5) human resources; (6) continuity of essential services and surge capacity; (7) rapid identification; (8) diagnosis; (9) isolation and case management; and (10) infection prevention and control. RESULTS: The overall preparedness in both pediatric and adult ICUs was 54%. Overall, adult ICUs were more prepared than pediatric ICUs, especially in communication; continuity of essential services and surge capacity; rapid identification; diagnosis; isolation; and case management. Both of them were comparable regarding operational support, logistics and supply management; human resources; and infection prevention and control, while information component was lower in both types but reached critical values 10% in adult ones. CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrated the intermediate readiness of ICUs at initial outbreak; further assessment during different phases of pandemic is required. Continues education of HCWs and active communication should be established

Amelioration of The Dielectric Properties of Ceramic Insulators Using Nano-alumina

Outdoor HV porcelain insulators face various environmental stresses that cause their degradation. Consequently, amelioration of their insulating properties becomes a target of recent researches to survive higher voltage levels. Investigating the impact of the addition of 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt. % nano- alumina (NA) on the dielectric and physical characteristics of porcelain materials at elevated sintering temperatures is the aim of this study. Porcelain specimens were synthesized from kaolin, feldspar, and quartz as available low-cost raw materials. The specimens were sintered at 1100, 1200, 1300, and 1400°C for 2 h. For some specimens, the microstructure and phases formed were identified using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The changes that occur upon heating (include melting, phase transition, sublimation, and decomposition) were identified by Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis. The dielectric strength, relative permittivity, and loss tangent of different samples were measured at a large scale of frequencies. Breakdown strength values of different samples were verified by applying the Finite Element Method. The best electrical and physical properties were achieved at 1300ºC. At this temperature the porcelain sample containing 5 wt. % NA presented optimum physical characteristics as well as good insulating properties assent the feasibility of producing electro-technical porcelai

Plastic use for food and drinks and related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among a sample of Egyptians

IntroductionPlastic is extensively used in everyday life, particularly for food and beverage containers. The inappropriate use of these containers may lead to the leaching of various chemicals from plastic, such as bisphenol A, phthalate, and styrene, which cause numerous adverse health effects. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward using plastic for food and drinks among a sample of the Egyptian population.Materials and methodsA questionnaire was designed based on scientific literature to assess sociodemographic data, knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the use of plastic for food and drinks. A total of 639 participants were recruited by employing the convenience sampling technique.ResultsMore than half of the participants (347, 54%) had poor knowledge scores. Personal experiences, social media, and web pages represented the most common knowledge sources. A comparison between plastic-related knowledge scores and the studied sociodemographic characteristics revealed statistically significant differences in age, gender, education, marital status, residence, working, and socioeconomic standard. A good attitude was reported by the majority (515, 80.6%) of participants. The majority (493, 77.2%) were occasional and frequent plastic users and the practice scores were significantly associated with age, education, residence, and socioeconomic standard. Higher educational level, gender (women), and rural residence were predictors of good participants knowledge, while lower socioeconomic status and urban residence were predictors of bad participants practice in a multivariate logistic regression analysis.ConclusionThe observed unsatisfactory knowledge and practice scores vs. the high attitude indicates a knowledge gap that can help direct future improvements. We call for public awareness programs about safe plastic use and the related health hazards of plastic chemicals. We also stress upon the urgent need for a collaboration between health authorities and the plastic and food industry to guarantee that information about proper plastic use is conveyed to consumers

Attenuation of pathogenesis of Eimeria stiedae sporulated oocysts using Egyptian alginate propolis nanoparticles

Abstract Background Coccidiosis is a costly and widespread infectious disease that affects mammals and causes huge losses for the global rabbit meat industry. This study evaluated the potency of Egyptian alginate propolis nanoparticles (NPs) in attenuating the infectivity of Eimeria stiedae sporulated oocysts. The gelification method was used to prepare alginate propolis NPs, which were then characterized using a transmission electron microscope and zeta potential analysis. Results The results revealed that the zeta potential of the prepared alginate propolis NPs increased from − 60.60 ± 9.10 mV to –72.26 ± 6.04 mV. The sporulated oocysts were treated with 50 mg/mL of the alginate propolis NPs. Thereafter, the treated oocysts were tested for their ability to infect rabbits. The rabbits were divided into three groups: the healthy control (G1) group, the infected control (G2) group, and the treated oocyst-infected (G3) group. The rabbits were sacrificed 43 days post-infection (dpi). The infectivity of the oocysts was assessed. The treated oocyst-infected rabbits exhibited slight abdominal distension and dullness symptoms. The G3 group had no oocyst output, with a 100% reduction from 41 dpi until the end of the experiment. Immunologically, the IgG level of the G2 group gradually increased (p ≤ 0.05) much more than that of the G3 group. The IL-12 level in the G3 group significantly increased from 16 dpi until the end of the experiment, nearly reaching the level in healthy animals. Decreased CD4+ and CD8+ immunolabelling was observed in the liver sections of the group infected with the alginate propolis NP-treated oocysts, and there was a remarkable improvement in the histopathological parameters. Conclusions These data indicate that Alg propolis NPs are sufficient to reduce the infectivity of E. stiedae oocysts

Influence of magnetic field on the physicochemical properties of water molecule under growing of cucumber plant in an arid region

This study highlights the potential impact of magnetic fields on water quality, which could have implications for plant growth and development. Theoretical estimates of changes in surface tension, pH, and some other properties due to passing water through a magnetic field for a certain period were experimentally validated in this study. Overall, the results revealed changes in the physicochemical properties of water after magnetic field application. In accordance, pH significantly (p < 0.05) increased from 2 to 2.25, from 4 to 4.5, from 6 to 6.45, from 7.3 to 7.8, and from 8 to 8.7 and except at pH10, which decreased from 10 to 9.7. In addition, the model developed in this study indicated that the change of electrical conductivity (EC) decreased from 9 to 6.11 dS m−1 with an increasing number of run flow through the magnetic field. The decline in EC can be described as follows: magnetically treated water contains fine colloidal molecules and electrolytic chemicals that respond to a magnetic field by enhancing their ability for precipitation, resulting in a fall in EC. Moreover, the Hardness values of recirculated water were decreased after magnetic field application. This corroborates the decline of calcium carbonate adhesion and surface tension values as increases in hydrogen bonding between protons and water molecules and changes in the distribution of molecules in magnetized water. As the internal electrical field grew and the hydration shells surrounding the constituent ions weakened, EC decreased. Lastly, by using an electronic microscope, observing the water in regular, such as regular hexagonal tree shape instead of random irregular shapes after magnetic field application, confirming that the magnetic field had a significant effect on the physical properties of water molecules. In conclusion, magnetic behavior may improve water quality, resulting in increased development and plant growth