Adaptive Equalization: LMS, RLS and CMA

This poster presents performance evaluation of adaptive equalizers (LMS, RLS and CMA) using different Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) techniques (4-QAM, 8-QAM); using Frequency Flat Fading and Frequency Selective Fading

The Link Between Oxidative Stress Response and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-alpha) in Hepatic Tissue of Rats With Induced Thyroid Dysfunction

Thyroid hormones are essential for normal organ growth, development and function. They regulate the basal metabolic rate of different types of cells, including hepatocytes. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of thyroid disorders and disturbed tissue functions. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine with numerous immunological and metabolic activities. Several studies relate this cytokine to thyroid dysfunction and chronic liver diseases. This study aims to determine the relationship between the oxidative stress and the hepatic inflammatory cytokines TNF-α in rats with disturbed thyroid functions. Also, to investigate how this can affect normal hepatic tissues. Twenty-seven rats were divided into three groups: euthyroid group, hyperthyroid group; hyperthyroidism was induced by daily intraperitoneal injection of L-thyroxine and hypothyroid group; hypothyroidism was induced by administering propylthiouracil using oral gastric tube. At the end of the experiments, rats were fasted for 12 hours then blood samples were collected to measure the level of free T3, free T4, TSH, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant (TAC). Then animals were scarified by cervical decapitation, slices of livers were submitted to histopathological examination, the rest of liver tissues were extracted and homogenized for measurements of TNF-α. The data showed that serum MDA was significantly elevated while TAC levels were significantly decreased in both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid groups compared to their corresponding values in euthyroid group. TNF-α level was also significantly increased in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid groups compared to its level in euthyroid group. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed prominent lymphocytic infiltration with some aggregate formation in portal tract in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups. The lymphocytic infiltrate was more prominent in hypothyroid rats compared to the hyperthyroid rats. This study suggests that the oxidative stress and elevated level of TNF-α play an essential role in hepatic cell injury associated with thyroid dysfunction. A complex relationship exists between the thyroid gland and the liver in health and disease.Keywords: Thyroid dysfunction, oxidative stress, hepatic tissue, rats TNF-

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) On a Sample Of The Wives Of The Martyrs -Field Study In Area OF Jablah -

  This research aimed to know the differences in the degree of PTSD depending on the variables; period of the shock , Educational level and The nature of the housing. In This research it is used Davidson's scale of PTSD ,which is based in the diagnosis DSM-IV  which was translated to Arabic by Abdul Aziz Thabet (2006). The research is applied in Jableh. The sample consisted of (50) Wives. The research is found the following results: there is no statistically significant differences in the degree of PTSD depending on the variables,( period of shock and Educational level) , as too there are statistically significant differences in the degree of PTSD depending on the variable The nature of the housing.  

In vivo evaluation the efficiency of nitazoxanide with cationic Gemini surfactant on Cryptosporidiosis

تُعرض الإصابة بداء خفيات الأبواغ حياة العديد من الأشخاص للخطر وخصوصا المصابين بنقص المناعة، تحديدا مرضى فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية.  يُعد النيتازوكسانيد أحد الأدوية العلاجية الرئيسية المستخدمة في علاج داء الكريبتوسبوريديوسس. ومع ذلك، فهو ضعيف الذوبان في الماء ، مما يحد من فائدته وفعاليته في المرضى الذين يعانون من نقص المناعة. يحتوي الفاعل بالسطح على طابع برمائي وهذا يشير إلى قدرتها على تحسين قابلية الذوبان في الماء للعقار المضاد للماء. يتعلق بحثنا بتركيب مواد خافضة للتوتر السطحي من الجوزاء الموجبة الجديدة والتي لديها القدرة على تحسين قابلية ذوبان عقار نانازوكسيد. لذلك قمنا بتوليف مواد خافضة للتوتر السطحي توأمية موجبة.  N1,N1,N3,N3-tetramethyl-N1,N3-bis(2-octadecanamidoethyl)propane-1,3-diaminium bromide (CGSPS18) و  2,2‘-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(N-(2-octadecanamidoethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoethane-1-aminium) dichloride (CGSES18)   وتأكيد تركيبها الكيميائي بالطرق الطيفية المختلفة وكذلك دراسة خصائص السطح والسمية لها. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تمت دراسة فعالية نيتازوكسانيد في الفئران المصابة بإضافة ثلاث جرعات مختلفة من المواد الخافضة للتوتر السطحي. لمعرفة تأثير النيتازوكسانيد والمواد الخافضة للتوتر السطحي معا، تم حساب العدوى بالطفيليات قبل العلاج وبعده ، كما تم فحص الأنسجة المعوية والكبدية والرئوية. في هذه الدراسة وجد أن الجمع بين عقار نيتازوكسانيد مع المواد الخافضة للتوتر السطحي وخاصة المركب (CGSPS18) بتركيز 25٪ زاد من الفعالية وأدى إلى انخفاض بنسبة 90.8٪. أظهر فحص الأنسجة المرضية أن المجموعة التي عولجت بعقار نيتازوكسانيد مع CGSPS18 أظهرت أفضل النتائج التي أظهرت نمطًا زغبيًا طبيعيًا تقريبًا. أظهرت هذه الدراسة زيادة في فعالية النيتازوكسانيد عند دمجه مع المواد الخافضة للتوتر السطحي ، وهذا يشير إلى مستقبل واعد لاستخدام المواد الخافضة للتوتر السطحي كعامل مساعد لتعزيز فعالية النيتازوكسانيد في علاج داء خفيات الأبواغ في المرضى الذين يعانون من نقص المناعة ، وخاصة مرضى فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية.Infection with cryptosporidiosis endangers the lives of many people with immunodeficiency, especially HIV patients. Nitazoxanide is one of the main therapeutic drugs used to treat cryptosporidiosis. However, it is poorly soluble in water, which restricts its usefulness and efficacy in immunocompromised patients. Surfactants have an amphiphilic character which indicates their ability to improve the water solubility of the hydrophobic drugs. Our research concerns the synthesis of new cationic Gemini surfactants that have the ability to improve the solubility of the drug Nanazoxide. So, we synthesized cationic Gemini surfactants. N1,N1,N3,N3-tetramethyl-N1,N3-bis(2-octadecanamidoethyl)propane-1,3-diaminium bromide (CGSPS18) and 2,2‘-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(N-(2-octadecanamidoethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoethane-1-aminium) dichloride (CGSES18) and the detection of their chemical composition by spectroscopic methods, as well as studying the properties of their surfaces and their toxicity. Furthermore, the efficacy of nitazoxanide in infected mice was studied in conjunction with three different doses of surfactants. To assess the effect of nitazoxanide and surfactants, the infection was parasitologically counted before and after treatment, and the intestinal, liver, and lung tissues were also examined histopathologically. In this study, it was found that the combination of the drug nitazoxanide with surfactants, especially the compound (CGSPS18) at a concentration of 25% increased the efficacy and resulted in a percentage reduction of 90.8%. Histopathological examination revealed that the group treated with the drug nitazoxanide in combination with CGSPS18 showed the best results exhibiting an almost normal villous pattern. This study demonstrated an increase in the effectiveness of nitazoxanide when combined with surfactants, and this suggests a promising future for the use of surfactants as an adjunct to enhance the effectiveness of nitazoxanide for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients, particularly HIV patients

Glucose metabolism abnormalities among pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors: Assessment and relation to body mass index and waist to hip ratio

AbstractBackgroundAs survival rates of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) improve, attention is turning to side and late effects of therapy including glucose metabolism abnormalities.ObjectiveTo asses the presence of abnormal glucose metabolism in pediatric ALL survivors and its possible relation to body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio and treatment related factors.Subjects and methodsRetrospective study with a prospective follow-up of 12 ALL survivors who had been off chemotherapy for >9months was done. Fifteen healthy sex and age matched children were involved as controls. Body mass index (BMI) waist to hip ratio (WHR), and Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed with assessment of glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1C) and insulin sensitivity indices.ResultsAt study time the mean BMI, WHR, all components of the OGTT (except the 2h post load glucose), all indices of insulin sensitivity and the mean Hb A1C% were significantly higher compared to those of the controls. Two survivors (16.6%) developed transient hyperglycemia during therapy, one (8.3%) had pre-diabetes, seven (58.3%) had a risk level of Hb A1C but no one had diabetes mellitus (DM) or insulin resistance (IR). At study time the two survivors with transient hyperglycemia during therapy had a significantly high WHR compared to the remainders. WHR of the survivors at study time correlated significantly with fasting plasma glucose and area of insulin under the curve (AUC). The 2h post-prandial plasma glucose correlated with the duration after therapy completion.ConclusionsWHR may play a better role than BMI in the prediction of insulin resistance in those patients. Hb A1C may increase earlier than other indices of glucose tolerance

Elevated Levels of Mislocalised, Constitutive Ras Signalling Can Drive Quiescence by Uncoupling Cell-Cycle Regulation from Metabolic Homeostasis

The small GTPase Ras plays an important role in connecting external and internal signalling cues to cell fate in eukaryotic cells. As such, the loss of RAS regulation, localisation, or expression level can drive changes in cell behaviour and fate. Post-translational modifications and expression levels are crucial to ensure Ras localisation, regulation, function, and cell fate, exemplified by RAS mutations and gene duplications that are common in many cancers. Here, we reveal that excessive production of yeast Ras2, in which the phosphorylation-regulated serine at position 225 is replaced with alanine or glutamate, leads to its mislocalisation and constitutive activation. Rather than inducing cell death, as has been widely reported to be a consequence of constitutive Ras2 signalling in yeast, the overexpression of RAS2S225A or RAS2S225E alleles leads to slow growth, a loss of respiration, reduced stress response, and a state of quiescence. These effects are mediated via cAMP/PKA signalling and transcriptional changes, suggesting that quiescence is promoted by an uncoupling of cell-cycle regulation from metabolic homeostasis. The quiescent cell fate induced by the overexpression of RAS2S225A or RAS2S225E could be rescued by the deletion of CUP9, a suppressor of the dipeptide transporter Ptr2, or the addition of peptone, implying that a loss of metabolic control, or a failure to pass a metabolic checkpoint, is central to this altered cell fate. Our data suggest that the combination of an increased RAS2 copy number and a dominant active mutation that leads to its mislocalisation can result in growth arrest and add weight to the possibility that approaches to retarget RAS signalling could be employed to develop new therapies

Bone Mineral Density Changes in Patients with Recent-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background Osteoporosis and related fragility fractures are one of the most common complications seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and dramatically affect quality of life. Objective To evaluate changes in bone mineral density in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis (< 1 year) and its correlation if any with a modified DAS-28 score and simple erosion narrowing score (SENS). Methods This study included 30 patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis fulfilling the new American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis and 20 healthy volunteers as controls. All were subjected to a complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, liver function tests, renal function tests, rheumatoid factor, and plain x-rays of the hands and feet. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry DEXA was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) of the left proximal femur, lumbar spine (L1–L4), and lower distal radius at the time of recruitment. Results In the RA patients, 13.3% had osteoporosis, 50% had osteopenia, and 36.7% had normal BMD. The most common site of osteoporosis was the lumbar spine (four patients, 13.3%) followed by the femur (two patients, 6.6%), and forearm (only one patient, 3.3%). There was a significantly higher percentage of osteoporosis among RA males than females and the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.009). Osteoporosis was more common in patients treated with corticosteroids and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) than in patients treated with only nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( P = 0.004). Higher disease activity (DAS-28) was found in RA patients with osteoporosis compared to RA patients with normal BMD or osteopenia, but the difference was not statistically significant. Osteoporotic RA patients were found to have a higher SENS score for radiological damage than nonosteoporotic ones. Conclusion BMD changes do occur in patients with early RA, and are not necessarily correlated with disease activity (DAS-28). However, a significant negative correlation was found between BMD and the score of radiological damage (SENS). Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry is an important investigation to assess BMD in early RA patients

Synthesis, X-ray, Hirshfeld, and AIM Studies on Zn(II) and Cd(II) Complexes with Pyridine Ligands

The synthesis and crystal structures of three heteroleptic complexes of Zn(II) and Cd(II) with pyridine ligands (ethyl nicotinate (EtNic), N,N-diethylnicotinamide (DiEtNA), and 2-amino-5-picoline (2Ampic) are presented. The complex [Zn(EtNic)2Cl2] (1) showed a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry with two EtNic ligand units and two chloride ions as monodentate ligands. Complexes [Zn(DiEtNA)(H2O)4(SO4)]&middot;H2O (2) and [Cd(OAc)2(2Ampic)2] (3) had hexa-coordinated Zn(II) and Cd(II) centers. In the former, the Zn(II) was coordinated with three different monodentate ligands, which were DiEtNA, H2O, and SO42&minus;. In 3, the Cd(II) ion was coordinated with two bidentate acetate ions and two monodentate 2Ampic ligand units. The supramolecular structures of the three complexes were elucidated using Hirshfeld analysis. In 1, the most important interactions that governed the molecular packing were O&middot;&middot;&middot;H (15.5&ndash;15.6%), Cl&middot;&middot;&middot;H (13.6&ndash;13.8%), Cl&middot;&middot;&middot;C (6.3%), and C&middot;&middot;&middot;H (10.3&ndash;10.6%) contacts. For complexes 2 and 3, the H&middot;&middot;&middot;H, O&middot;&middot;&middot;H, and C&middot;&middot;&middot;H contacts dominated. Their percentages were 50.2%, 41.2%, and 7.1%, respectively, for 2 and 57.1%, 19.6%, and 15.2%, respectively, for 3. Only in complex 3, weak &pi;-&pi; stacking interactions between the stacked pyridines were found. The Zn(II) natural charges were calculated using the DFT method to be 0.8775, 1.0559, and 1.2193 for complexes 1&ndash;3, respectively. A predominant closed-shell character for the Zn&ndash;Cl, Zn&ndash;N, Zn&ndash;O, Cd&ndash;O, and Cd&ndash;N bonds was also concluded from an atoms in molecules (AIM) study

Nephroprotective Role of Combined Sitagliptin and Oleuropein in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Regulation of SDF-1α/Nrf2/ HO-1 Axis and Autophagy

Background: Accumulating evidence proves that cisplatin, a widely used anticancer, causes acute kidney injury (AKI). Sitagliptin (Sita), a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, is a hypoglycemic agent that can promote tissue angiogenesis and cell survival. However, little is known about the nephroprotective effect of Sita in cisplatin-induced AKI especially its effect on SDF-1α, usually degraded by DPP4. Meanwhile, the olive oil component oleuropein (Ole) activates Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis, which ultimately leads to SDF-1α activation. Herein, we studied the nephroprotective effects of combined Sita and Ole on oxidative stress and autophagy through SDF-1α/Nrf2/ HO-1 axis in cisplatin-induced AKI in rats. Methods: AKI was induced in vivo through single IP injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg), while Sita (10 mg/kg) and Ole (16 mg/kg) were given separately and in combination for 7 days prior and 5 days after cisplatin injection. AKI was assessed through histopathological examination, measurement of serum creatinine and urea. Also, serum GLP-1, serum and kidney SDF-1α levels were measured by ELISA. LC3-II, P62, HO-1, Nrf2, and caspase-3 were investigated by western blotting. Results: Sita and Ole monotherapy and in combination accelerated kidney recovery as they suppress serum SDF-1α, serum BUN, creatinine and renal histopathological features. Each of Sita and Ole enhanced Nrf2/HO-1axis in renal tissues while only Sita enhanced renal SDF-1α. Sita and Ole monotherapy showed incompetent autophagy where the late steps of autophagy were incomplete. Combined treatment enhanced SDF-1α in kidney tissue which showed recovery through autophagy process. Conclusion: Sita and Ole show promising nephroprotective effects in cisplatin-induced AK

Effectiveness of essential oil from the Artemisia herba-alba aerial parts against multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from food and hospitalized patients

Abstract. Ed-Dra A, Filali FR, Presti VL, Zekkori B, Nalbone L, Elsharkawy ER, Bentayeb A, Giarrtana F. 2021. Effectiveness of essential oil from the Artemisia herba-alba aerial parts against multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from food and hospitalized patients. Biodiversitas 22: 2995-3005. The World Health Organization has sounded the warning on the diffusion of multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria, requiring solutions and alternatives to solve the therapeutic failure that may occur. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity and bactericidal effectiveness against MDR bacteria of Artemisia herba-alba essential oil (A-EO) collected from semi-arid region of Morocco. Chemical composition of the A-EO was determined by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detector and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, while the antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH scavenging activity and ?-carotene bleaching assay. Antibacterial activity of A-EO, performed by disc diffusion assay and broth dilution method, was tested against: four MDR strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Enterococcus faecalis) isolated from food matrices, two (Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) from hospitalized patients, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as reference strain. Davanone was the main compound among the 17 identified. An antioxidant activity with IC50 of 1.13±0.02 mg/mL, EC50 of 2.12±0.05 mg/mL and RC50 of 0.87±0.02 mg/mL was observed. A weak activity against P. aeruginosa was observed, while it was intermediate or high against the other bacteria. This study confirms that A-EO could be a suitable alternative to antibiotics in the infection treatment related to MDR bacteria