Quantum features in statistical observations of "timeless" classical systems

We pursue the view that quantum theory may be an emergent structure related to large space-time scales. In particular, we consider classical Hamiltonian systems in which the intrinsic proper time evolution parameter is related through a probability distribution to the discrete physical time. This is motivated by studies of ``timeless'' reparametrization invariant models, where discrete physical time has recently been constructed based on coarse-graining local observables. Describing such deterministic classical systems with the help of path-integrals, primordial states can naturally be introduced which follow unitary quantum mechanical evolution in suitable limits.Comment: 7 pages. Invited talk at Int. Workshop Trends and Perspectives on Extensive and Non-Extensive Statistical Mechanics, Angra dos Reis (Brazil), Nov. 2003. To appear in Physica

Vacuum-Induced Quantum Decoherence and the Entropy Puzzle

Or: ``How to generate an ensemble in a single event?'' Following recent work on entropy in strong interactions, I explain the concept of environment-induced quantum decoherence in elementary quantum mechanics. The classically chaotic inverted oscillator becomes partially decoherent already in the environment of a single other oscillator performing only vacuum fluctuations. One finds exponential entropy growth in the subsystem with a Lyapunov exponent, which approaches the classical one for weak coupling. Presented at the Workshops on ``Quantum Infrared Physics'', Paris, 6 - 10.6.94, and ``QCD 94'', Montpellier, 7 - 13.7.94. Invited talk at the NATO Adv. Res. Workshop on ``Hot Hadronic Matter'', Divonne, 27.6. - 1.7.94. To appear in the Proceedings.Comment: 12 pages, CERN-TH.7372/9

Lithuanian Retail Internationalization: Features and Prospects

Purpose of the article: To distinguish and describe Lithuanian retail internationalization of the peculiarities in the last twenty-four years and bases on the changes in the future. Methodology/methods: The retail internationalization literature explores the theories, concepts, experiences in different countries is the methodological basis for the assessment of the process and the prospect of these process changes in Lithuania. Lithuanian retail internationalization progress of the investigation from the beginning, development and future prospects is divided into three phases. From a methodological point of view, this is a difficult research because even after twenty years. Scientific aim: To analyse retail internationalization process in Lithuania – features and prospects. Findings: Investigate and evaluate three Lithuanian retail internationalization stages showed that each of them has distinct features. A survey of retailers allowed to set retail internationalization level in 2013. Conclusions: The retail trade internationalisation process in Lithuania, which started immediately after the destruction of the socialist economy and proceeded as the foundation for market economy was being laid, was particular in the sense that famous foreign retail trade companies did not immediately enter the Lithuanian retail market. The characteristic feature of the process in Lithuania was the establishment of joint capital companies, while individual foreign businessmen often started their business in the country by opening their first store. Research limitations: no interest of retailers to be in contact regarding research and wide theme was as serious limitations to find out and explore the Lithuanian retail internationalization features. This is the original article, exploring the small market of retail internationalization process characteristics from its beginning until 2014