Multifocal electroretinographical changes in monkeys with experimental ocular hypertension: a longitudinal study

Purpose To study the time course of changes in the multifocal electroretinograms (mfERG) in monkeys with experimental ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods The mfERGs were recorded in 12 eyes out of 6 monkeys. Two baseline measurements were used to quantify the reproducibility, the inter-ocular and the inter-individual variability of the ERG signals. Thereafter, the trabeculum of one eye of each animal was laser-coagulated in one to three sessions to induce OHT. ERG measurements were repeated regularly in a period of 18months and the changes in ERG waveforms were quantified. Results All animals displayed OHT (between 20 and 50mmHg) in the laser-coagulated eyes. An ERG change was defined as the sum of differences during the first 90ms between the laser-coagulated eye and the same eye before laser coagulation and between the laser-coagulated eye and the non-treated fellow eye. Three animals displayed significant changes for nearly all retinal areas and all stimulus conditions. The three remaining animals displayed significant changes only in one comparison, indicating very mild changes. The data indicate that a high stimulus contrast is more sensitive to detect changes, probably because of a better signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, the comparisons with the fellow eye are more sensitive to detect changes than comparisons with the measurements before laser-coagulation. Conclusions OHT does not always lead to ERG changes. Comparisons with fellow eyes using high contrast stimuli are more sensitive to detect changes related to OH

Acute progressive primary chronic osteomyelitis in the mandibular bone in childhood: A case report

Knochenentzündungen entstehen entweder nach Infektion des Knochens durch pathogene Keime oder seltener abakteriell, beispielsweise durch physikalische Reize. Die primär chronische Os­ teomyelitis der Mandibula ist eine Entzündung des Knochens ohne klare Ätiologie und akute Vorphase. Symptome treten periodisch episoden­haft über wenige Tage bis mehrere Wochen in verschiedenen Intensitäten auf. Die Patienten leiden unter Schmerzen, Schwellung, Kiefer­ klemme, lokalisierter Lymphadenitis und Sensi­ bilitätsstörungen. Als zuverlässige Suchmethode einer Osteomyelitis wird die knochenszintigra­ fische Untersuchung mit radioaktiv markierten Nukliden eingesetzt. Die Therapie beinhaltet länger andauernde hochdosierte antibiotische Therapie, hyperbare Sauerstofftherapie und chi­ rurgische Sanierung, die Debridement und Dekortikation bis Resektionschirurgie umfassen kann. In neuester Zeit wurden sogar mittelfristig erfolg­ reiche Bisphosphonatbehandlungen beschrieben. Im folgenden Fallbericht wird über eine in der Mandibula lokalisierte primär chronische Os­teomyelitis eines zehnjährigen Knaben berichtet. Klinische und radiologische Merkmale sowie Dia­gnosestellung, Therapie und Nachsorge werden dokumentiert und anhand der vorliegenden Lite­ratur diskutiert.Inflammation of bone is caused either by bacterial infection or occasionally by physical stimulus. Primary chronic osteomyelitis of mandibular bone is a chronic inflammation of an unknown cause. Pain, swelling, limited mouth opening, regional lymphadenopathy and hypaesthesia are clinical symptoms at initial presentation. Results of biopsy, computed tomography and scintigraphy reveal the diagnosis of a primary chronic osteomyelitis. Its management is long-term antibiotic therapy, hyperbaric oxygen and surgical therapy, even bisphophonate treatement may be a good option. The case report presents a primary progressive chronic osteomyelitis of the manibular bone of a ten year old boy. Clinical and radiological signs are discussed as well as diagnosis, management and follow-up