Formulasi Salep Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Binahong (Anrederacordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Dengan Variasi Basis Salep

The absorbtion-based ointment of ethanolic extract of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) on 10% concentrate has antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus. In order to improve the activity of this ethanolic extract of binahong leaves, it is necessarily to adjust the ointment's base of formulation. The aims of study are to determine the ointment's physical characteristics which various base such as hydrocarbon, absorbtion and water solubility. The ethanolic extract of binahong leaves obtained from maceration method, using 70% of ethanol. The ointment was made based on the variation of its base which are hydrocarbon, absorbtion and water solubility. The obtained oinment then was examined on its physical characteristics properties including organoleptic test, pH, viscosity, stickiness, spreadability, and antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus on the agar plate medium. The organoleptic and pH test result data were analyzed descriptively. The data of stickiness, viscosity were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey with the level of confidence up to 95%, whilst the spreadability data was analyzed using Kruskal wallis and Man whitney. There were significant differences between the results of viscosity, stickiness, on each formula of ethanolic extract ointment of binahong leaves. However, there were no significant differences on the pshycal characteristic of the pH, organoleptic, homogenic, and spreadability

Antidesma montanum: biochemistry and bioactive compounds

Antidesma montanum is commonly known as a mountain currant tree. Its fruits and leaves are utilized locally for food and traditional medicine, meanwhile the stem is used as source of wood. The fruit contains bioactive constituents of steroid glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols and tannins that exhibited higher antioxidant activity than at certain concentrations of standard antioxidants (i.e. vitamin E, ascorbic acid, and trolox). The leave extracts known to inhibit the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in diabetic therapy. Furthermore, the leave extracts also possessed scavenging activity against both hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, and inhibited the nitric oxide production. Meanwhile, another studies reported on the anti-inflammatory effect of Antidesma montanum, being used to treat eye diseases, and relieving chest pain. The leaves are used externally against headache and thrush in children, for diuretic and removing kidney stone, anti-dermatitis and skin disease curing effect. A tea from the leaves is used as a tonic for mothers after giving birth and applied topically to ulcers and lumbar pains. The roots are used to treat measles, chickenpox, malaria, and stomach ache. Nevertheless, extensive research is needed to confirm the reputed beneficial effects of Antidesma montanum in traditional medicine

Uji Aktivitas Penghambatan Enzim Alfaglukosidase Pada Beberapa Tanaman Suku Euphorbiaceae

Diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2) is recognized as a serious global health problem that characterized by hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes is more common in diabetic populations. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, inhibition of α-glucosidase is a useful treatment to delay the absorption of glucose after meals. Avoiding the adverse effects of current agents, it is still necessary to search alternative for better options. Plants have been a rich source of α-glucosidase inhibitors. In this research, screenings based on chemotaxonomic approach to determine the class of chemical constituents and to know  α-glucosidase inhibiting activity of some plants from Euphorbiaceae. The simplisia powder was extracted using ethanol 80% by reflux. Measurement of inhibitory activity of  α-glucosidase performed using a spectrophotometer UV-VIS. In vitro assays of  α-glucosidase activity showed 14 extracts had IC50  values of between 2.34  µg/mL and 64.78 µg/mL, which were lower than that of acarbose (117.20 µg/mL). Leaves extract from Antidesma celebicum had the highest α-glucosidase inhibiting activity with an  IC50 of 2.34 µg/mL. The results of phytochemical screening in 15 extracts generally contain glycosides, terpenoids/ sterols, tannins, saponins and alkaloids