Educating in antimicrobial resistance awareness: adaptation of the Small World Initiative program to service-learning.

The Small World Initiative (SWI) and Tiny Earth are a consolidated and successful education programs rooted in the USA that tackle the antibiotic crisis by a crowdsourcing strategy. Based on active learning, it challenges young students to discover novel bioactive-producing microorganisms from environmental soil samples. Besides its pedagogical efficiency to impart microbiology content in academic curricula, SWI promotes vocations in research and development in Experimental Sciences and, at the same time, disseminates the antibiotic awareness guidelines of the World Health Organization. We have adapted the SWI program to the Spanish academic environment by a pioneering hierarchic strategy based on service-learning that involves two education levels (higher education and high school) with different degrees of responsibility. Throughout the academic year, 23 SWI teams, each consisting of 3-7 undergraduate students led by one faculty member, coordinated off-campus programs in 22 local high schools, involving 597 high school students as researchers. Post-survey-based evaluation of the program reveals a satisfactory achievement of goals: acquiring scientific abilities and general or personal competences by university students, as well as promoting academic decisions to inspire vocations for science- and technology-oriented degrees in younger students, and successfully communicating scientific culture in antimicrobial resistance to a young stratum of society

Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Case-Control Analysis in the Nefrona Cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2, 445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD

La comunicación en la era de las nuevas tecnologías

EnsayoBreve recorrido por algunas de las modernas tecnologías que conforman la era del conocimiento: Internet, el chat,hipertexto, la interactividad, micropagos en Internet, regulación en la red, la situación de internet en algunas países latinoamericanos, entre otros temasp.398-42

Análisis a la Reforma a la Ley de Radio y Televisión

ReflexiónLa participación del Estado mexicano en los medios de comunicación ha sido diversa, lo cual no significa que haya sido suficiente y eficiente. El Estado ha contado con la colaboración condicionada de la televisión y la radio en la formación de un modelo de desarrollo que con gran dificultad puede ocultar los rasgos distintivos de un capitalismo dependiente. Interesante resulta la iniciativa de reformas a la Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión, actualmente propone que, entre sus objetivos principales destaque; mejorar la calidad y el papel social en los medios electrónicos de comunicaciónp.200-20

El derecho a la información en el manejo de residuos en el puerto de altamira tamp. México

In this paper, we discuss the use of chemicals for processing by chemical and petrochemical companies established in southern Tamaulipas as well as the professional waste management and its impact on the health of the population and ecosystem (marine and terrestrial) arising from improper handling. All this along with manipulated communication of risks, endanger the population in terms of welfare and quality of life, as rapid urban growth and expanding industrialization generate significant sources of pollution by poor management, thus threatening the sustainability of regional development To combat this problem, information from companies authorized to manage waste, from the petrochemical industry and from institutional bodies must be received by cititzens on time. It is through knowledge that people at risk of being affected by fumes, waste, run-offs or discharge, can act and plan actions to prevent diseases such as allergies or harm to the immune system by inhalation, ingestion or contact with chemicals operated in port and in transit towards the approved sites for deposit. Above all, the main goal must be to enforce the right to be informed. This problem demands an organized participation of citizens through comprehensive economic, political and technological programs and projects, hand in hand with industrial and environmental education, considering the need for a change in society´s attitude and behaviour, so that the desired economic growth is reached, linked to a development that is reflected in an improved quality of life of the population within a framework of respect for our environment.El presente trabajo aborda el tema sobre el uso de productos químicos para su transformación por empresas químicas y petroquímicas establecidas en la zona sur de Tamaulipas, el manejo profesional de los residuos y su impacto en la salud de la población y ecosistema (marítimo y terrestre), derivados de un manejo inadecuado, que acompasados con una manipulada comunicación del riesgo, pone en peligro a la población en términos de bienestar y calidad de vida, pues el crecimiento urbano acelerado y la industrialización en expansión generan importantes fuentes de contaminación que, por una mala gestión, ponen en riesgo la sostenibilidad del desarrollo regional. Para combatir esta problemática es necesario que la información de las empresas autorizadas para el manejo de residuos, así como de la industria petroquímica u organismos institucionales llegue con oportunidad a la población, pues es a través del conocimiento que las personas, ante el riesgo de ser afectadas por las emisiones, desechos, escurrimiento o descargas, pueden actuar y planear acciones para prevenir enfermedades como alergias y otras afectaciones del sistema inmunológico por inhalación, ingesta o contacto con productos Alfonso Tello Iturbe, Arely Millán Orozco y Carmina Elvira Elvira: El derecho a la información en el manejo de residuos en el puerto de Altamira Tamp. México, www.derecom.com, ISSN 1988-2629, pgs. 95-116 96 químicos operados en el puerto y tránsito hacia los sitios autorizados para su depósito, pero, sobre todo, se pretende hacer valer el derecho a estar informados. Este problema reclama de una participación organizada de la ciudadanía a través de programas integrales y proyectos de corte económico, político y tecnológico, de la mano con una educación industrial y ambiental, considerando la necesidad de realizar un cambio en la actitud y el comportamiento de la sociedad, de manera que se alcance el crecimiento económico deseado, vinculado con un desarrollo que se refleje en una mejor calidad de vida de la población, en un marco de respeto por nuestro medio ambiente

El derecho a la información, el cambio climático y la contaminación del transporte público en la zona sur del estado de tamaulipas, méxico

In this paper we examine the problems that exist in the southern area of the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, referring to the lack of compliance by the authorities with the right to information of citizens, including both public service transport providers and the population of the municipalities in that State. This failure of the administrative authorities comes from the fact that they do not inform citizens about the pollution caused by public transport and its relationship with climate change. To sort out the above mentioned issue, authorities, in the first place, should implement an efficient and effective public policy whose practical measures could prevent the disaster from happening, such as the implementation of a regulatory framework, the creation of air quality monitoring system and the setting of programs devoted to reduce the current pollution and to avoid the climate change. In the second place, public transport operators and citizens, according to their right to information, should be duly informed of what has been done in relation with this matter by local authorities. Thus , the joint action would produce a coparticipation to sort out the dangerous state of affairs that prevails in the area, for the improvement of air quality and the very same quality of life of the population.En este trabajo se examina la problemática que existe en la zona sur del Estado de Tamaulipas, México, referida a la falta de cumplimiento por parte de las autoridades del derecho a la información del que es titular la ciudadanía, en el cual se incluye al sector de los prestadores del servicio público de transporte y a la población de los municipios. Este incumplimiento por parte de las autoridades administrativas es debido a que, de manera puntual, no dan a conocer a la ciudadanía la contaminación que ocasiona el transporte público y su relación con el cambio climático. Para resolver la cuestión expuesta se requiere que las autoridades en primer término instrumenten una política pública eficiente y eficaz con la que se tomen las medidas necesarias para su combate como son: la implementación de un marco regulatorio, la creación de un sistema de monitoreo de la calidad del aire y la formulación de programas que abatan la contaminación existente favorecedora del cambio climático. En segundo término, se precisa que los transportistas públicos y los ciudadanos, de conformidad con su derecho a la información, sean debidamente informados de lo hecho y por hacer por las autoridades municipales sobre este tema, para que, en acción conjunta, exista una coparticipación que permita solucionar el estado de cosas que prevalece en la zona, en beneficio del mejoramiento de las propiedades del aire y la calidad de vida de la población