Arhitektonsko-građevinski kamen Bosne

Historija korištenja obrađenog kamena na prostoru Bosne seže još u predantičko doba. Kroz antiku, srednji vijek i tursku vladavinu, najtrajniji kulturno-historijski spomenici su građeni od kamena. Austro-ugarski period predstavlja početak modernog načina eksploatacije i upotrebe kamena kod nas. U to vrijeme kamen iz Bosne počinje i da se izvozi u mnoge evropske zemlje. U decenijama poslije II svjetskog rata započinju intenzivna geološka istrživanja s ciljem pronalaska ležišta kvalitetnog arhitektonsko-građevinskog kamena. Kao rezultat tih aktivnosti otvaraju se novi kamenolomi i povećava se proizvodnja. „Bihacit“, „Hreša“, „Romanit“ postaju poznati brendovi kamena u cijeloj bivšoj Jugoslaviji. Dolaskom rata (1992-1995) na prostoru Bosne zamire eksploatacija i industrija prerade arhitektonsko-građevinskog kamena. Poslije rata na nekim kamenolomima se postepeno obnavlja proizvodnja. Otvaraju se i novi kamenolomi. Neki opstaju na tržištu, a neki se gase. Danas na prostoru Bosne egzistira sedam kamenoloma arhitektonsko-građevinskog kamena. Još neki su u procesu otvaranja. Eksploatišu se: krečnjaci, gabri, karbonatne breče i slatkovodni krečnjaci. Da bi opstali na tržištu neophodno je da modernizuju procese eksploatacije i obrade

Petromehanika Jablaničkog gabra

Kao predmet istraživanja u ovom radu, izdvojen je stijenski materijal iz majdana lokalnog naziva „Suljo Čilić“ i jednog dijela majdana „Padešnica“ lokalnog naziva „Padešnica Crna“, koji predstavljaju dio masiva Jablaničkog gabra. Stijenski materijal iz ovih majdana izabran je zbog prisutnih razlika u jednoosnoj čvrstoći na pritisak, a kako bi se dao odgovor zašto se u istom stijenskom materijalu pojavljuju značajne razlike u vrijednostima ovog parametra. U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja jednoosne čvrstoće na pritisak i mineraloško-petrografske građe krupnozrnog i sitnozrnog gabra sa ovog ležišta, iz majdana lokalnih naziva „Suljo Čilić“ i „Padešnica Crna“. Nakon izvođenja opita jednoosne čvrstoće na pritisak i analize rezultata, izvršena je detaljna mineraloško-petrografska analiza površina loma karakterističnih uzoraka. Zahvaljujući većem broju ispitivanja, utvrđena je korelacija između mineraloško-petrografskih karakteristika (strukturne građe) i vrijednosti jednoosne čvrstoće na pritisak. S obzirom da je riječ o dva varijeteta gabra koji imaju i značajnu razliku u krupnoći zrna, kao poseban uticajni faktor, razmatran je i uticaj veličine zrna na dobivene vrijednosti jednoosne čvrstoće na pritisak

Sm-Nd geochronology and petrologic investigation of sub-ophiolite metamorphic sole from the Dinarides (Krivaja-Konjuh, Ophiolite Complex, Bosnia and Herzegovina)

The Dinaridic segment of Neotethys was affected by a widespread shortening and related subduction-accretion-obduction processes that commenced in the middle Jurassic. In the Dinarides, the Krivaja-Konjuh Ophiolite Complex (KKOC) stands as the largest ophiolite complex with a well-exposed metamorphic sole which is the key to understanding the dynamics of intraoceanic subduction initiation in this part of Neotethys. In this contribution we present Sm-Nd geochronology on a granulite facies amphibolite from the KKOC, as well as a detailed petrological description. A five-point isochrone age calculated from clinopyroxene, plagioclase, garnet, amphibole and whole rock is 162 ± 14 Ma (MSWD = 6.2), whereas garnet and whole rock yield 160 ± 7 Ma. Ages calculated from all data points except clinopyroxene are 162 ± 5 Ma (MSWD = 1.09). Petrographic investigations suggest that these ages date granulite facies metamorphic conditions (i.e. peak metamorphism of Grt-Cpx amphibolite) rather than post-peak exhumation or obduction processes. Phase textural relationships are in line with previous research, which indicated a peak metamorphism equilibration pressure and temperature of ~1 GPa and ~800 °C, respectively. Granulite facies conditions are elucidated for an igneous precursor, which underwent a multi-stage metamorphism that gave rise to recrystallization of igneous clinopyroxene and plagioclase, epitaxial growth of amphibole, and garnet blastosis. Taking into account the age of gabbronorite from the youngest segment of the KKOC oceanic crust (Taorcian to Bathonian) and ages of radiolarian assemblages from the KKOC mélange (Bajocian to Bathonian), it may be inferred that within ~25 Ma the Dinaridic segment of Neotethys evolved rapidly from active ridge spreading through a stage of intraoceanic subduction and arc magmatism toward sub-ophioliteexhumation and further obduction along the Adria passive margin at the end of the Jurassic era.</p

Petromehanika Jablaničkog gabra

Kao predmet istraživanja u ovom radu, izdvojen je stijenski materijal iz majdana lokalnog naziva „Suljo Čilić“ i jednog dijela majdana „Padešnica“ lokalnog naziva „Padešnica Crna“, koji predstavljaju dio masiva Jablaničkog gabra. Stijenski materijal iz ovih majdana izabran je zbog prisutnih razlika u jednoosnoj čvrstoći na pritisak, a kako bi se dao odgovor zašto se u istom stijenskom materijalu pojavljuju značajne razlike u vrijednostima ovog parametra. U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja jednoosne čvrstoće na pritisak i mineraloško-petrografske građe krupnozrnog i sitnozrnog gabra sa ovog ležišta, iz majdana lokalnih naziva „Suljo Čilić“ i „Padešnica Crna“. Nakon izvođenja opita jednoosne čvrstoće na pritisak i analize rezultata, izvršena je detaljna mineraloško-petrografska analiza površina loma karakterističnih uzoraka. Zahvaljujući većem broju ispitivanja, utvrđena je korelacija između mineraloško-petrografskih karakteristika (strukturne građe) i vrijednosti jednoosne čvrstoće na pritisak. S obzirom da je riječ o dva varijeteta gabra koji imaju i značajnu razliku u krupnoći zrna, kao poseban uticajni faktor, razmatran je i uticaj veličine zrna na dobivene vrijednosti jednoosne čvrstoće na pritisak

FORMATION MECHANISMS OF FE-MN CONCRETIONS IN THE VIJENAC QUARRY, DINARIC OPHIOLITE ZONE

Rudnik Vijenac, smješten u blizini Tuzle, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, sastoji se od karbonatnih stijena, koje su lokalno proslojene tektonski poremećenim naslagama siltita i pješčenjaka s Fe-Mn konkrecijama. Sam kamenolom nalazi se u zoni dinaridskoga navlačnog pojasa (Pogari serija naslaga) koje diskontinuirano leže na ofiolitnome melanžu i ofiolitnim navlačnim naslagama. Petrografske, kemijske i XRD analize pokazale su da se konkrecije mogu podijeliti u dva tipa: (i) Mn-obogaćene konkrecije s ≈ 17 wt.% udjela Mn s kompaktnom strukturom te (ii) Mn-osiromašene s ≈ 8 wt.% udjela Mn te poroznijom strukturom. Udjeli Ca, Mg, Fe i organske tvari obaju tipova konkrecija podjednaki su. Udio Ni pozitivno korelira s Mn, udio Cr pozitivno korelira s Fe. Prema petrografskim i XRD analizama konkrecije se sastoje od kalcita, dolomita, hematita, todorokita i takanelita. Todorokit je karakterističan mineral za konkrecije formirane dijagenetskim rastom. Petrografska istraživanja potvrdila su rast konkrecija u trima fazama s ukupno dvjema generacijama kalcita. Promatrane konkrecije nalaze se unutar konsolidiranih pješčenjaka te nasljeđuju njihove sedimentne strukture – stoga se pretpostavlja kasnodijagenetski proces rasta.Vijenac quarry, near Tuzla in Bosnia-Herzegovina, is composed of carbonate rocks locally embedding tectonically disturbed siltite and sandstone with Mn-Fe concretions. The quarry itself represent a part of Dinaric overstep sequences (Pogari series) unconformably overlying ophiolite mélange and ophiolite trust-scheets. Petrographic, chemical and XRD analyses had shown that the concretions may be divided into two types: (i) Mn-rich concretions with ≈17% of Mn and compact texture and (ii) Mn-poor (≈8% of Mn) and porous texture. The amount of Ca, Mg, Fe and organic matter, as well as analysed microelements (Ni, Cr) in both concretion types are similar. According to petrographic and XRD analyses, concretions are composed of calcite, dolomite, hematite, todorkite and takenelite. Todorokite is characteristic for concretions formed by diagenetic growth. Petrographic study confirmed the development of concretions within three stages including two generations of calcite. The studied concretions are formed within consolidated sandstones inheriting their sedimentary textures - therefore a late diagenetic process is assumed

PETROGENESIS OF THE MAGLAJ VOLCANICS, CENTRAL BOSNIA

InBosnia and Herzegovina, Tertiary volcanic rocks occur within two geotectonically different areas: (1) in northeasternBosnia, the wider area of Srebrenica and, (2) to a lesser extent in centralBosnia, the wider areas of Maglaj, Teslić and Nemila (Kolići). The major and trace element variations in the rocks surrounding Maglaj indicate their high-K calc-alkaline character, and are consistent with fractionation of the observed phenocryst assemblages (plagioclase, sanidine, biotite and hornblende). The scatter in some graphs cannot be explained by simple crystal fractionation from a common parent magma. More likely, such variations are affected by variable contribution and assimilation of continental crust within the magmas generated in the mantle. The presence of reverse zoned plagioclase phenocrysts, as well as a resorbed rim enclosing the coexisting quartz phenocrysts, can be interpreted by mixing of magmas with different temperatures and compositions. All analyzed rocks show enrichment of the LILEs over the HFSEs and have significant negative Ta-Nb, P and Ti anomalies, and positive U and Pb anomalies, which are characteristic of subduction-related volcanic rocks generated in (post) collisional zones. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns exibit enrichment on the LREEs over the HREEs with (La/Yb)cn ranging from 21.4 to 21.9. All analyzed rocks have small negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.86-0.89) which suggests that plagioclase fractionation played a minor role in the genesis of the dacites. Ratios of some diagnostic elements versus SiO2 diagrams are best explained as a result of assimilation of varying degree in the continental crust during magma ascent and continuing fractional crystallization. High values of LILE/HFSE ratios in K/Ti (6.6 to 11.9), K/Zr (124-169), K/Nb (1598-2692) and Ba/Nb (44-65) and negative anomalies of Ti and Nb in the volcanic rocks surrounding Maglaj can be explained as the result of complex processes in the magmatic system originally derived from a mantle wedge

PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MAFIC EXTRUSIVE ROCKS ALONG THE SOUTHWESTERN PART OF MAJEVICA

Total number of nineteen mafic extrusive rock samples is subjected to the detailed optical examination.Based on definition of mineral composition, structure, texture, type and intensity of alteration processes,and taking into consideration the recent classification schemes, different lithotypes are defined. Themost frequent are spilites distinguished by classical "spilite" mineralogy (albite), and very often with"quench" texture and amygdaloidal structure. Diabases consist of primary plagioclase andclinopyroxene which are often decomposed and disintegrated. Diabase rocks are mostly characterisedwith ophitic texture and massive structure. Coarse grained varieties are characterized as dolerites, therocks in which intensity of alteration process is significantly lower than in previous lithotypes. Varietieswith frequent occurrences of amphibole got adjective amphibolic. The most common and the mostintense alteration processes are albitization and chloritization. Alteration processes of lower intensityare actinolitization, pumpellytization, zeolitization, carbonation-calcitization, limonitization,kaolinitization and silicification. Depending on alteration degree a certain lithotypes are named withprefix meta (metadiabases and metadolerites)

LEAD (Pb) CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL OF TUZLA'S URBAN AREA

The paper presents the results of the geochemical-pedological researches based on the leadconcentrations in soil of the Tuzla's urban area. The main goal of the research was to determine to whatextent, the urban area of Tuzla was contaminated by lead and to determine the pollutant origin. The 129soil samples were collected in situ on the of area about 100 km2. The testing of the lead concentration insoil samples was performed by mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with detection range of 0.02 to 10.000ppm. The exceeding of the maximum permissible concentrations of lead (as defined by the „Pravilnik outvrđivanju dozvoljenih količina štetnih i opasnih tvari u zemljištu i metode njihovog ispitivanja“), wasrecorded in eight soil samples (samples 108, 170, 171, 182, 187, 189, 195 and 244), 6.20% of the totalanalyzed. The exceeded lead concentrations range from 114.0 - 190.82 ppm and the average value is146.72 ppm. The concentration of lead in the soil, which is within the limits of the doses, ranges from14.14 to 60.74 ppm, and the mean value is 33.68 ppm. Locations of elevated lead concentrations areclosely related to the main road, resulting that the contamination is the result of the anthropogenicactivities

Behavior of redox – sensitive elements (Ti, As, V and Fe) in a clay pit samples with and without Al-normalization

Graphical abstract

Behavior of redox – sensitive elements (Ti, As, V and Fe) in a clay pit samples with and without Al-normalization

Graphical abstract