Indices of Upper Atmospheric Disturbance Phenomena in Auroral Zone

The earlier orbits and ephemerides for the Soviet satellites were not sufficiently accurate to be very useful in making observations in Alaska. Extrapolations from our own observations gave better predictions. This merely pointed out the fact that rough observations of meridian transits at high latitudes will give better values of the inclination of the orbit than precision observations at low latitudes. Hence, it was decided to observe visually the meridian transits estimating the altitude by noting the position with respect to the stars or using crude alidade measurements. The times of the earlier observations were observed on a watch or clock and the clock correction obtained from WWV. Later the times were determined with the aid of stop watches, taking time intervals from WWV signals. This rather meager program of optical observations of the Soviet satellites was undertaken to give supplementary data for use of the radio observations, and particularly to assist in the prediction of position of the satellite so that the 61-foot radar of Stanford Research Institute could be set accurately enough to observe it (the beam width at the half-power points is about 3°). This report contains primarily the visual observations made at the Geophysical Institute by various members of the staff, and a series of observations by Olaf Halverson at Nome, Alaska. In addition there is a short discussion of the geometry of the trajectory, the illumination of a circumpolar satellite, and a note on the evaluation of Brouwer's moment factors.IGY Project No. I.14 NSF Grant No. Y/l.14/1771. INTRODUCTION / C. T. Elvey and M. Sugiura -- KEY TO GRAPH DISTURBANCE INDICES -- 2. HOURLY RADAR INDICES OF AURORAL ACTIVITY / R. S. Leonard -- 3. HOURLY INDICES OF GEOELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC ACTIVITY / V. P. Hessler -- 4. HOURLY IONOSPHERIC ABSORPTION / H. Leinbach -- 5. HOURLY PHOTOMETRIC INDICES OF AURORAL ACTIVITY / W. Murcray -- 6. HOURLY SPECTROSCOPIC INDICES OF AURORAL ACTIVITY / G. J. Romick -- 7. AURORAL INDICES USING THE ALL-SKY CAMERA FILM / G. H. StanleyYe

Description of the All-Sky camera, its Method of Operation; An Instrument (Ascagraph) for Measuring the Film

The earlier orbits and ephemerides for the Soviet satellites were not sufficiently accurate to be very useful in making observations in Alaska. Extrapolations from our own observations gave better predictions. This merely pointed out the fact that rough observations of meridian transits at high latitudes will give better values of the inclination of the orbit than precision observations at low latitudes. Hence, it was decided to observe visually the meridian transits estimating the altitude by noting the position with respect to the stars or using crude alidade measurements. The times of the earlier observations were observed on a watch or clock and the clock correction obtained from WWV. Later the times were determined with the aid of stop watches, taking time intervals from WWV signals. This rather meager program of optical observations of the Soviet satellites was undertaken to give supplementary data for use of the radio observations, and particularly to assist in the prediction of position of the satellite so that the 61-foot radar of Stanford Research Institute could be set accurately enough to observe it (the beam width at the half-power points is about 3°). This report contains primarily the visual observations made at the Geophysical Institute by various members of the staff, and a series of observations by Olaf Halverson at Nome, Alaska. In addition there is a short discussion of the geometry of the trajectory, the illumination of a circumpolar satellite, and a note on the evaluation of Brouwer's moment factors.IGY Project Number 1.1 ; NSF Grant Number Y/1.1/44LIST OF FIGURES AND ILLUSTRATIONS -- I Introduction -- II Description of the All-Sky Camera -- III Installation and Operation -- IV Development of the Film , Inspection, and Preliminary Assessment -- V Preparation of Synoptic Maps -- VI Auroral Plotter (Ascagraph) for Reduction of All-Sky Camera PhotographsYe

Implementing inclusion : classroom journeys

This study interrogates the professional experiences, attitudes and pedagogical choices of eight classroom teachers in regular schools and inquires into their impact on the development of inclusive teaching practices. Approached from the perspective of an experienced teaching practitioner, the study responds to the call for an increased focus on the role of classroom teachers in implementing inclusion in schools. The study is underpinned by a theoretical stance that promotes the value of inclusive education through a human rights, access and equity framework. It advocates for the importance of overcoming the discriminatory practices that marginalise some students. Consistent with a qualitative, ethnographic methodology, observations and interviews with practicing teachers provide insights into the factors that encourage, and sometimes discourage, the enactment of inclusive pedagogies. The literature on inclusive education provides guidance throughout the data collection and analysis process. This includes frameworks designed by other researchers that outline and define inclusive teaching strategies. The study exposes the pivotal role that ongoing teacher professional learning, along with strategic guidance and support from colleagues and school leaders, plays in enhancing teacher capacity and positive attitudes towards student diversity. It also uncovers evidence that when medical reports and pressure from ‘others’ such as health professionals, encourage teachers to focus on student ‘deficits’ and ‘problems’, they are more likely to seek out and adopt strategies that marginalise and set some students apart from their peers. A fundamental finding of this study is that when teachers and their school leaders focus on developing understanding about ‘effective’ pedagogies - on quality education for all - responsive, inclusive, student-centred teaching approaches often become embedded in their everyday classroom practice.Ph

Rigorous statistical mechanics of selected classical systems at real or complex fugacities

Imperial Users onl

Papers read at the Conference on Arctic Radio Wave Propagation

On February 18, 1954, we held a conference attended by representatives of military organizations in Alaska to discuss general problems of radio communications in the Arctic. Since that conference was so successful, we have decided to hold a second conference broadening its scope in attendance and subject matter with the idea of making the conference an annual event. At this conference, and we hope future ones, we had the active participation of the North Pacific Radio Warning Service of the National Bureau of Standards. Included in the discussions at this conference were some of the new equipments and techniques being used at the Geophysical Institute in its research work. In particular, I refer to the employment of radio astronomy as a tool for ionospheric research.Radio Astronomy as a Tool for Studying the Ionosphere at V.H.F / C.G. Little – The Phase-Switch Interferometers at the Geophysical Institute / R. Merritt – Ionospheric Absorption / J.M. Lansinger – Forecasting Radio Propagation Conditions at the North Pacific Radio Warning Service / Martin E. Nason – Whistlers / J.H. Pope – H.F. Radio Backscatter / R. Stark – Radar Meteor Echo Observations at College, Alaska / R.N. Shoup – Radar Echoes from Aurora / R.S. Leonard – List of FiguresYe

Staircases, dominoes, and the growth rate of 1324-avoiders

We establish a lower bound of 10.271 for the growth rate of the permutations avoiding 1324, and an upper bound of 13.5. This is done by first finding the precise growth rate of a subclass whose enumeration is related to West-2-stack-sortable permutations, and then combining copies of this subclass in particular ways