Legal Pluralism and Indigenous Peoples Rights: Challenges in Litigation and Recognition of Indigenous Peoples Rights

This article discusses the contribution of legal pluralism to the recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples. It presents the options (and their shortcomings) of recognizing land rights of indigenous peoples, with special emphasis on litigation using postcolonial states’ law. It shows that litigation of indigenous rights through national states’ law suffers from fundamental problems, mainly an inherent conflict between interests and goals, and thus it ‘suffers’ from a limitation on the results it produces; namely, it does not result in the recognition of indigenous rights.2 On the legal principle level, the legal system does not include indigenous peoples’ rights, does not “see” their rights, and even does not “understand” these rights; and is therefore incapable of recognizing them. This article shows that only through “systemic” structural change of the states’ legal system, and specifically, the adoption of indigenous legal systems as another source for rights, postcolonial states’ legal systems would be able to see and “recognize” indigenous rights. To demonstrate this, the article, through presenting and analyzing the legal struggle of the Bedouin in the State of Israel, shows the limitation of the modern states’ legal system and the failure of litigation through this system to recognize indigenous Bedouin rights

PENERAPAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA SUB TEMA KEBERAGAMAN BUDAYA BANGSAKU. (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN Karapiak 02 Kecamatan Rancaekek Kabupaten Bandung)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa dengan penerapan media pembelajaran Audio visual dalam pembelajaran sub tema Keberagaman Budaya Bangsaku. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan di kelas IV SDN Karapiak 02 Kecamatan Rancaekek Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran yang kurang menarik dan kurang adanya penggunaan media. Sehingga menyebabkan anak kurang termotivasi dan hasil belajar siswa kurang memuaskan. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama III siklus, setiap siklus dilakukan sebanyak 2 pembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas IV SDN Karapiak 02 Kecamatan Rancaekek Kabupaten Bandung, yang berjumlah 29 siswa, diantaranya 13 siswa perempuan dan 16 siswa laki-laki. Dalam kegiatan penelitian pembelajaran dengan penerapan media audio visual dapat meningkatkan hasil prestasi belajar siswa. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I sampai siklus III, yaitu pada siklus I muncul peningkatan hasil belajar siswa mencapai 30 dengan kategori rendah, siklus II muncul peningkatan hasil belajar siswa mencapai 57 dengan kategori sedang, siklus III muncul peningkatan hasil prestasi belajar siswa mencapai 86 dengan kategori baik. Hambatan dalam proses pembelajaran berlangsung dengan penerapan media audio visual peneliti menemukan hambatan sebagai berikut yaitu sebagian siswa masih pasif didalam kelas dan kurang menunjukkan sikap percaya diri.kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah, bahwa penerapan media audio visual sangat menunjang terhadap hasil prestasi belajar siswa. Dengan demikian, penerapan media audio visual dapat dijadikan salah satu media pembelajaran untuk diterapkan pada pembelajaran tematik SD. Kata Kunci: audio visual dan hasil belajar

Insights into the influences of carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin on DNA formulations characteristics and gene transfection efficiency

BACKGROUND Gene therapy is an expanding field and it can treat genetic and acquired diseases. OBJECTIVE It was found that formulations with DNA: CM-β-CD (Carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin): Pluronic-F127 1:3:3 and 1:3 DNA: CM-β-CD are the most stable formulations indicating high incorporation of DNA within CM-β -CD. METHOD Gel electrophoresis revealed DNA with low CM-β -CD concentration has formed a more stable complex. Samples 1:3 DNA: CM-β-CD and 1:3:3 DNA: CM-β-CD: Pluronic-127 show no DNA fragment, suggesting good condensation of DNA inside cyclodextrin cavity. RESULTS This was confirmed by fluorescence data where fluorescence intensity was reduced for samples DNA: CM-β-CD 1:3. Overall, the findings showed that Carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (as a novel non-viral gene vector) was able to provide condensation and protection to the DNA, with and without Pluronic-F127, at low concentration. CONCLUSION pDNA/CM-β-CD complex has not only shown to be able to transfect COS 7 and SHSY5Y cell lines, but it gives a higher transfection efficiency than that produced by the TransIT-LT1 commercial transfection reagent

PENDAMPINGAN PENCATATAN DAN PEMBUKUAN SEDERHANA BAGI KELOMPOK UMKM DI KELURAHAN MELAYU KOTA PIRING

One of the most important business sectors for economic development is Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). However, MSME actors are still not aware of the development of the financial aspect. This is due to the lack of motivation and ability of MSME actors in managing their business finances. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide assistance to MSME actors regarding simple recording and bookkeeping so that in the future MSME actors master the basics and procedures for recording and simple bookkeeping so that they can make good financial reports. The method used is by way of mentoring. The results obtained from this activity are that MSME actors have new insights and abilities in carrying out this simple recording and bookkeepin

Legal Pluralism and Indigenous Peoples Rights: Challenges in Litigation and Recognition of Indigenous Peoples Rights

This article discusses the contribution of legal pluralism to the recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples. It presents the options (and their shortcomings) of recognizing land rights of indigenous peoples, with special emphasis on litigation using postcolonial states’ law. It shows that litigation of indigenous rights through national states’ law suffers from fundamental problems, mainly an inherent conflict between interests and goals, and thus it ‘suffers’ from a limitation on the results it produces; namely, it does not result in the recognition of indigenous rights.2 On the legal principle level, the legal system does not include indigenous peoples’ rights, does not “see” their rights, and even does not “understand” these rights; and is therefore incapable of recognizing them. This article shows that only through “systemic” structural change of the states’ legal system, and specifically, the adoption of indigenous legal systems as another source for rights, postcolonial states’ legal systems would be able to see and “recognize” indigenous rights. To demonstrate this, the article, through presenting and analyzing the legal struggle of the Bedouin in the State of Israel, shows the limitation of the modern states’ legal system and the failure of litigation through this system to recognize indigenous Bedouin rights

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai Pada Badan Pengelola Pajak dan Retribusi Daerah (BPPRD) Kota Medan

Pendidikan, pelatihan serta pemberian motivasi bagi pegawai diperlukan untuk mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai Badan Pengelola Pajak dan Retribusi Daerah (BPPRD) Kota Medan dan tidak hanya terbatas pada pegawai operasional semata, namun juga meliputi tingkatan manajerial. Perumusan wewenang dan tanggung jawab pegawai ditetapkan dengan standar atau tolak ukur yang telah disepakati oleh bawahan dan atasan. Tujuan penelitian ini dalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor Pendidikan, pelatihan, dan motivasi yang mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai pada Badan Pengelola Pajak dan Retribusi Daerah (BPPRD) Kota Medan”. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai pada Badan Pengelola Pajak dan Retribusi Daerah (BPPRD) Kota Medan yang berjumlah 375 orang jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan slovin tingkat kepercayaan 10% maka sampel adalah 79 orang diambil secara random sampling. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research) karena menjelaskan hubungan kausal antara variabel-variabel melalui pengujian hipotesis dengan Koefisien Determinasi (R²), Uji F (secara simultan), dan Uji t (Uji secara parsial). Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji serempak bahwa secara serempak pendidikan, pelatihan dan motivasi memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan (high significant) terhadap kinerja pegawai Badan Pengelola Pajak dan Retribusi Daerah (BPPRD) Kota Medan. Hal ini berarti bahwa pendidikan, pelatihan dan motivasi merupakan faktor penentu dalam mensukseskan keberhasilan Badan Pengelola Pajak dan Retribusi Daerah (BPPRD) Kota Medan dalam mencapai tujuan organisasi.Education, training and motivation for employees are needed to influence the performance of employees of the Regional Tax and Retribution Board (BPPRD) of Medan City and not only limited to operational employees alone, but also includes managerial levels. Formulation of authority and responsibilities of employees set with the standards or benchmarks that have been agreed by subordinates and superiors. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors of education, training, and motivation that affect the performance of employees at the Regional Tax and Retribution Board (BPPRD) Medan City. The research method used in this research is quantitative research method. The population of this study is all employees at the Regional Tax and Retribution Board (BPPRD) Medan City amounting to 375 people the number of samples in this study was taken using a slovin level of confidence 10% then the sample is 79 people taken by random sampling. This research is explanatory research because it explains the causal relationship between variables through hypothesis testing with Coefficient of Determination (R²), Test F (simultaneously), and Test t (Partial Test). The result of the research based on simultaneous test that simultaneously education, training and motivation have positive and significant influence on the performance of employees of Regional Tax and Retribution Board (BPPRD) of Medan City. This means that education, training and motivation are the determining factors in succeeding the success of the Regional Tax and Retribution Board (BPPRD) of Medan City in achieving organizational goals

PENGELOLAAN GANGGUAN POLA TIDUR PADA KELUARGA DENGAN GOUT ARTHRITIS

Gout Arthritis atau asam urat merupakan gangguan metabolisme purin yang ditandai dengan tingginya kadar asam urat dalam darah yang melebihi batas normal. Penumpukan asam urat inilah yang menyebabkan sendi sakit menimbulkan nyeri seperti ditusuk - tusuk dan berakibat aktivitas pasien terganggu salah satunya aktivitas pola tidur. Pola tidur yang tidak puas akan menyebabkan kebutuhan istirahat tidur pasien berkurang. Penelitian dalam Arthritis and Rheumatology menunjukan bahwa penderita gout arthritis bisa mengalami kekambuhan pada tengah malam sampai jam 8 pagi. Tujuan karya tulis ini adalah menggambarkan pengelolaan gangguan pola tidur pada keluarga dengan gout arthriti