Analyser l’évolution et les déterminants de la présence des familles immigrées au sein des hébergements pour personnes sans domicile

Cet article vise à appréhender l’évolution des caractéristiques socio-démographiques de la population sans domicile et met en exergue les liens ténus entre migration et sans-abrisme. En effet, l’analyse des enquêtes quantitatives réalisées depuis le milieu des années 1990 contribue à objectiver la part croissante des familles immigrées prises en charge en hébergement institutionnel. En analysant plus spécifiquement les déterminants du recours à l’hébergement de cette population, deux types de trajectoires se distinguent : le premier concerne des familles présentes en France depuis plusieurs années et s’inscrivant dans des trajectoires résidentielles précaires. Le deuxième type regroupe des familles récemment arrivées en France et n’ayant pas ou peu de ressources sociales et économiques. Ces résultats mettent également en avant le rôle déterminant du réseau de connaissances pour les immigrés dans le recours à l’hébergement institutionnel.This article aims to understand the evolution of the socio-demographic characteristics of the homeless population and highlights the close links between migration and homelessness. In fact, the analysis of the quantitative surveys carried out since the mid-1990s helps to objectify the growing number of immigrant families receiving institutional accommodation. By analyzing more specifically the determinants of the use of accommodation for this population, two types of trajectories stand out: the first one concerns families who have been in France for several years and have insecure residential trajectories. The second type includes families who have recently arrived in France and have little or no social and economic resources. These results also highlight the determining role of the knowledge network for immigrants in the use of institutional accommodation

Vivre en marge et en famille : la précarité résidentielle au cœur de l’expérience des familles en exil

Ce numéro de Populations vulnérables interroge les situations faites aux personnes migrantes accompagnées d’enfants depuis le début de la crise contemporaine de l’accueil migratoire en Europe au prisme de leurs trajectoires résidentielles. Leurs conditions d’exilé.es et les difficultés d’accès à un statut administratif stable les condamnant à vivre en situation de précarité résidentielle, elles accumulent alors des obstacles dans l’accès aux droits, aux soins, à un revenu, à l’alimentation ou..

Influence of Operational Parameters on Photocatalytic Degradation of Linuron in Aqueous TiO2 Pillared Montmorillonite Suspension

TiO2 pillared clay was prepared by intercalation of titan polyoxocation into interlamelar space of an Algerian montmorillonite and used for the photocatalytic degradation of the linuron herbicide as a target pollutant in aqueous solution. The TiO2 pillared montmorillonite (Mont-TiO2) was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier transformed infra-red (FT-IR), specific area and porosity determinations. This physicochemical characterization pointed to successful TiO2 pillaring of the clay. The prepared material has porous structure and exhibit a good thermal stability as indicated by its surface area after calcination by microwave. The effects of operating parameters such as catalyst loading, initial pH of the solution and the pollutant concentration on the photocatalytic efficiency and COD removal  were evaluated. Under initial pH of the solution around seven, pollutant concentration of 10 mg/L and 2.5 g/L of catalyst at room temperature, the degradation efficiency and COD removal of linuron was best then the other operating conditions. It was observed that operational parameters play a major role in the photocatalytic degradation process. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Experimental observation of turbulent coherent structures in a superfluid of light

We experimentally explore the rich variety of nonlinear coherent structures arising in a turbulent flow of superfluid light past an obstacle in an all-optical configuration. The different hydrodynamic regimes observed are organised in a unique phase diagram involving the velocity of the flow and the diameter of the obstacle. Then, we focus on the vortices nucleated in the wake of the obstacle by investigating their intensity profile and the dependence of the radius of their core on the healing length. Our results pave the way for further investigations on turbulence in photon superfluids and provide versatile experimental tools for simulating quantum transport with nonlinear light

Comportamiento sexual en el adulto mayor del servicio de geriatría del hospital Almanzor Aguinaga

Objetivo: Determinar las características de la sexualidad, del adulto mayor atendido en consulta externa del servicio de geriatría del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, observacional y transversal. Se encuestaron 252 adultos mayores atendidos en consulta externa entre setiembre a octubre de 2012 y que no tengan patologías que le impida la comprensión del test utilizado en el estudio (se usó dos elementos utilizados para medir el deseo sexual se combinaron para formar un índice). Resultados: El puntaje promedio de deseo para los hombres fue 2,37 (DS = 1,53, n = 627), y el promedio de las mujeres fue de 2.61 (DS = 1,46, n = 709), con una puntuación de 1 indicando un alto deseo. Tenga en cuenta que los hombres en promedio reportan niveles ligeramente más altos de deseo que las mujeres. Conclusiones: se encontró que el género masculino tiene más interés, reportan niveles ligeramente más altos de deseo sobre sexualidad y reportan mayor frecuencia de relaciones sexuales. Las actitudes hacia la sexualidad se presentan en ambos sexos con igual predominancia siendo actitudes positivas y que el nivel del deseo sexual no disminuye con la edad

Patterns and correlates of claims for brown bear damage on a continental scale

Wildlife damage to human property threatens human-wildlife coexistence. Conflicts arising from wildlife damage in intensively managed landscapes often undermine conservation efforts, making damage mitigation and compensation of special concern for wildlife conservation. However, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of damage and claims at large scales are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the patterns of damage caused by brown bears Ursus arctos and its ecological and socio-economic correlates at a continental scale. We compiled information about compensation schemes across 26 countries in Europe in 2005-2012 and analysed the variation in the number of compensated claims in relation to (i) bear abundance, (ii) forest availability, (iii) human land use, (iv) management practices and (v) indicators of economic wealth. Most European countries have a posteriori compensation schemes based on damage verification, which, in many cases, have operated for more than 30 years. On average, over 3200 claims of bear damage were compensated annually in Europe. The majority of claims were for damage to livestock (59%), distributed throughout the bear range, followed by damage to apiaries (21%) and agriculture (17%), mainly in Mediterranean and eastern European countries. The mean number of compensated claims per bear and year ranged from 0·1 in Estonia to 8·5 in Norway. This variation was not only due to the differences in compensation schemes; damage claims were less numerous in areas with supplementary feeding and with a high proportion of agricultural land. However, observed variation in compensated damage was not related to bear abundance. Synthesis and applications. Compensation schemes, management practices and human land use influence the number of claims for brown bear damage, while bear abundance does not. Policies that ignore this complexity and focus on a single factor, such as bear population size, may not be effective in reducing claims. To be effective, policies should be based on integrative schemes that prioritize damage prevention and make it a condition of payment of compensation that preventive measures are applied. Such integrative schemes should focus mitigation efforts in areas or populations where damage claims are more likely to occur. Similar studies using different species and continents might further improve our understanding of conflicts arising from wildlife damage

Reciprocal modulation of internal and external factors determines individual movements

Summary 1. Movement is fundamental to individual and population dynamics, as it allows individuals to meet their basic requirements. Although movement patterns reflect interactions between internal and external factors, only few studies have examined the effects of these factors on movement simultaneously, and they generally focused on particular biological contexts (e.g. dispersal, foraging). 2. However, the relative importance of these factors in driving individual routine movements might reflect a species' potential flexibility to cope with landscape changes and therefore buffer their potential impact on fitness. 3. We used data from GPS collars on Scandinavian brown bears to investigate the relative role of these factors, as well as an additional factor (period of the year) on routine movements at two spatial scales (hourly and daily relocations). 4. As expected, internal factors played a major role in driving movement, compared to external factors at both scales, but its relative importance was greater at a finer scale. In particular, the interaction between reproductive status and period of the year was one of the most influential variables, females being constrained by the movement capacity of their cubs in the first periods of the year. The effect of human disturbance on movement was also greater for females with cubs than for lone females. 5. This study showed how reciprocal modulation of internal and external factors is shaping space use of brown bears. We stress that these factors should be studied simultaneously to avoid the risk of obtaining context-dependent inferences. Moreover, the study of their relative contribution is also highly relevant in the context of multiple-use landscapes, as human activities generally affect the landscape more than they affect the internal states of an individual. Species or individuals with important internal constraints should be less responsive to changes in their environment as they have less freedom from internal constraints and should thus be more sensitive to human alteration of the landscape, as shown for females with cubs in this study