83 research outputs found
Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Detachment Reveals Both Inflammatory Response and Photoreceptor Death
Background
Retinal detachment often leads to a severe and permanent loss of vision and its therapeutic management remains to this day exclusively surgical. We have used surgical specimens to perform a differential analysis of the transcriptome of human retinal tissues following detachment in order to identify new potential pharmacological targets that could be used in combination with surgery to further improve final outcome.
Methodology/Principal Findings
Statistical analysis reveals major involvement of the immune response in the disease. Interestingly, using a novel approach relying on coordinated expression, the interindividual variation was monitored to unravel a second crucial aspect of the pathological process: the death of photoreceptor cells. Within the genes identified, the expression of the major histocompatibility complex I gene HLA-C enables diagnosis of the disease, while PKD2L1 and SLCO4A1 -which are both down-regulated- act synergistically to provide an estimate of the duration of the retinal detachment process. Our analysis thus reveals the two complementary cellular and molecular aspects linked to retinal detachment: an immune response and the degeneration of photoreceptor cells. We also reveal that the human specimens have a higher clinical value as compared to artificial models that point to IL6 and oxidative stress, not implicated in the surgical specimens studied here.
Conclusions/Significance
This systematic analysis confirmed the occurrence of both neurodegeneration and inflammation during retinal detachment, and further identifies precisely the modification of expression of the different genes implicated in these two phenomena. Our data henceforth give a new insight into the disease process and provide a rationale for therapeutic strategies aimed at limiting inflammation and photoreceptor damage associated with retinal detachment and, in turn, improving visual prognosis after retinal surgery
Flexible prey handling, preference and a novel capture technique in invasive, sub-adult Chinese mitten crabs
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Induction of interleukin-8 in human retinal pigment epithelial cells after denuding injury
AIM—To determine interleukin 8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) expression in response to mechanical injury in human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells.
METHODS—Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion by HRPE cells after mechanical denudation. IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA expression by HRPE cells was assessed using semiquantitative RT-PCR. The effects of immunosuppressive drugs, dexamethasone (DEX) and cyclosporin A (CSA), as well as immunosuppressive cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and interleukin 13 (IL-13), on chemokine expression in HRPE cells after denuding injury were analysed.
RESULTS—Mechanical injury induced HRPE IL-8 mRNA and IL-8 secretion. Although MCP-1 mRNA was enhanced slightly after denuding injury, MCP-1 secretion was not increased. DEX and CSA inhibited HRPE chemokine expression after injury. IL-4 and IL-13 enhanced IL-8 and MCP-1 production by HRPE cells after injury while IL-10 had no effect.
CONCLUSIONS—These results suggest that IL-8 may be involved in retinal inflammatory responses to injury and that DEX and/or CSA treatment may help control the inflammatory components of retinal diseases such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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