Phosphate removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto ammonium-functionalized mesoporous silica

Les activités agricoles génèrent des effluents riches entre autres en composés phosphorés dont le contrôle constitue un enjeu important du fait de leur implication directe dans le phénomène d'eutrophisation des milieux aquatiques. L'élimina'tion des composés phosphorés se trouvant dans les effluents d'origine agricole et agroalimentaire est conventionnellement effectuée au moyen de traitements biologiques ou de traitements physicochimiques. Les premiers sont souvent complexes, longs à opérer et délicats car ils dépendent de plusieurs facteurs tels que la température, le pH, la concentration en oxygène dissous et la balance des nutriments dans l'eau en plus de générer des boues volumineuses dont il faut disposer. Les traitements physicochimiques les plus employés impliquent la précipitation des espèces phosphorés qui nécessite un contrôle rigoureux du pH et l'ajout de réactifs chimiques souvent coûteux. De plus, ces traitements produisent un précipité insoluble de phosphore métallique qui est non recyclable. Le procédé d'adsorption peut constituer une alternative intéressante et prometteuse du fait qu'il ne produit pratiquement pas de boues en plus de permettre la récupération et la réutilisation des phosphates. Divers adsorbants ont été développés et utilisés pour l'enlèvement des ions phosphate mais leur capacité d'adsorption reste toujours faible et le temps pour atteindre l'équilibre est élevé ce qui nécessite impérativement le développement de nouveaux matériaux adsorbants. Dans cette étude, la silice mésoporeuse SBA -15 possédant une grande surface spécifique, une structure bien définie et une porosité élevée a été utilisée comme adsorbant pour les ions phosphate dissous. En effet, une fois synthétisée, cette silice a été fonctionnalisée en surface avec des groupements amines via la technique de greffage postsynthétique. L'acidification du matériau obtenu a permis de transformer les groupements amines en ammonium responsables du processus d'adsorption par attraction électrostatique. Les tests d'adsorption ont été effectués en batch et les solutions filtrées ont été analysées par HPLC ionique équipé d'une colonne Ionpac AS18 et d'un détecteur de conductivité. L'effet des paramètres opératoires tels que la température, le pH, le temps, la charge en adsorbant, la concentration initiale en ions phosphate, la charge en groupements amine ainsi que le type d'amine de la SBA -15 fonctionnalisée, la présence d'autre anions et cations ainsi que la régénération de l'adsorbent ont été investigués. Les résultats montrent qu'une capacité maximale de 27 mg P/g a été obtenue à SoC. L'adsorption atteint un maximum à pH 4 avec 2 une capacité d'adsorption de 31.5 P mg! g. L'équilibre d'adsorption a été atteint au bout de 10 min. L'augmentation de la charge en adsorbant avait un effet positif sur les pourcentages d'adsorption. La quantité adsorbée de P augmente avec l'augmentation de la concentration de mono- di- ét tri-ammonium jusqu à 40% avec un maximum de --70 mg P/g d'adsorbant. La capacité d'adsorption n'a pas changé après cinq cycles d'adsorption-désorption

The Ideology and Translations of the Quran by the Orientalists: A Comparative Study of Richard Bells Translation

This research seeks to examine the relation between the ideology and translation moreover it focuses on the orientalist English translations of the Qur an The Qur an Translated with a Critical Re-arrangement of the Surahs by Richard Bell The research discusses Prophet Muhammad and the historical situation of the Qur an according to the orientalists perspective the origin of the Qur an the form structure and style of the Qur an the compilation of the Qur an the chronological order of Qur anic and verses stages of the revelation and the sources of the Qur an the biography of Richard Bell features of his translation objectives sources readership motives structure method and the period to produce After that exploring the ideological effects of translation through exploring the mistranslation and misinterpretation of the translation Lastly Richard Bell s competence and mindse

Human pancreatic cancer cells express non-functional Fas receptors and counterattack lymphocytes by expressing Fas ligand : a potential mechanism for immune escape

取得学位：博士(医学)，学位授与番号：医博甲第1452号，学位授与年月日：平成13年3月22日,学位授与年：200

ENVIRONMENTAL CHOLERA TRANSMISSION TRIGGERS IN DELTA BENGAL

Prediction of water-borne diseases is a critical aspect especially for developing countries. The current study focuses on cholera since it is considered to be a continuous public health threat. Vibrio cholerae, causative agent of cholera, is an autochthonous bacterial inhabitant in the aquatic environment and it is highly unlikely that cholera will ever be fully eradicated. Consequently, to reduce the disease burden, enhanced cholera prediction models that include several months' lead-time are still needed to further the development of effective mitigation and intervention strategies. Both regional- and large-scale environmental conditions can aid in understanding and predicting how and when outbreaks may occur. The overall goal of the research reported here was to develop a quantitative cholera prediction model with high quality, using regional and remote-sensing data from endemic and epidemic regions, respectively, in the Bengal Delta. This research involved four separate supporting objectives: 1) Determination of the role of environmental factors associated with the seasonality and modulating dynamics in a cholera outbreak; 2) Development of a physically plausible hypothesis of how local environmental factors modulate cholera outbreak dynamics; 3) Identification of the major environmental controls triggers sporadic cholera outbreaks in epidemic regions ; 4) Construction of an accurate model for the Bengal Delta simulating and predicting the two transmission routes of cholera (primary and secondary). The modeling results show that, for a high quality model > 70% Pseudo-R Square, Bengal Delta cholera in coastal regions is characterized by a single spring peak, whereas Bengal Delta cholera in inland regions occurs in bimodal peaks, with distinct hydroclimatological explanations for the geographical differences. Results confirm that spring season cholera is associated with coastal seawater intrusion, and fall cholera outbreaks are driven by floods related to the monsoon. This is the first study that demonstrates the relationship between in situ environmental conditions with regard to cholera outbreaks. Furthermore, results from remote-sensing data show that ambient temperature followed by high rainfall periods are the main triggers of cholera outbreaks in epidemic regions. These findings provide important steps and contributions toward development of environmental factor-based predictive models for cholera outbreaks in the Bengal Delta region

Statistical Analysis of Haralick Texture Features to Discriminate Lung Abnormalities

The Haralick texture features are a well-known mathematical method to detect the lung abnormalities and give the opportunity to the physician to localize the abnormality tissue type, either lung tumor or pulmonary edema. In this paper, statistical evaluation of the different features will represent the reported performance of the proposed method. Thirty-seven patients CT datasets with either lung tumor or pulmonary edema were included in this study. The CT images are first preprocessed for noise reduction and image enhancement, followed by segmentation techniques to segment the lungs, and finally Haralick texture features to detect the type of the abnormality within the lungs. In spite of the presence of low contrast and high noise in images, the proposed algorithms introduce promising results in detecting the abnormality of lungs in most of the patients in comparison with the normal and suggest that some of the features are significantly recommended than others

Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in ultrasound fascia iliaca compartment block in proximal end femur surgeries

Background: Fracture neck femur is a common cause of hospital admission among the elderly population. Many patients admitted with fracture femur have long-standing cardiac, hepatic or renal problems. This makes a challenge to balance adequate analgesia with side effects of opioids. Fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) is one of the peripheral nerve block techniques. It became widely used in providing postoperative analgesia for patient with fracture neck femur either in emergency department or in the operating room.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine on the duration and quality of postoperative analgesia in ultrasound guided fascia iliaca compartment block in proximal end femur surgeries.Patients and methods: Sixty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I - II of both sexes aged from 20-60 years scheduled for proximal end femur surgeries. They were randomly assigned to one of two equal groups (n=30 each), using closed envelope technique: Bupivacaine group (B group), and Bupivacaine + dexmedetomidine (BD group). Result: Our study demonstrated prolongation of postoperative analgesia in bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine group (BD) compared to bupivacaine group (B). It showed statistically significant reduction in cumulative pethidine doses and prolongation in the time till first rescue analgesic is required in the BD group in comparison with the B group in the first 24 hours. Hemodynamic changes and incidence of side effects, were statistically insignificant among the two groups. Conclusion: Addition of dexmedetomidine, as an adjuvant to the local anesthetic bupivacaine, in ultrasound fascia iliaca compartment block provides prolongation of the duration of postoperative analgesia with less opioid consumption without remarkable side effects

Hot isostatic pressing and heat treatments of LPBFed CoCuFeMnNiTi0.13 high-entropy alloy: microstructure and mechanical properties

The present work explores the possibility of processing a CoCuFeMnNiTi0.13 high-entropy alloy by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The alloy, produced under optimised processing conditions, presents good densification but also hot cracks, caused by the liquation of an inter-dendritic Cu-rich phase. Microstructure of the as-built alloy is characterised by face centred cubic (FCC) columnar grains, containing Cu-poor dendrites and Cu-rich inter-dendritic areas. The alloy, which was designed to be strengthened by spinodal decomposition and precipitation, was subjected to different thermo-mechanical treatments to try and improve its properties. Direct ageing and solution treatment and ageing produced a strong but brittle material (tensile strength of 683 MPa and elongation to failure of 1.3%), whereas hot isostatic pressing followed by controlled cooling was able to heal pores and cracks while triggering the desired microstructural transformations (spinodal decomposition and precipitation). This resulted into a balanced set of mechanical properties (tensile strength of 473 MPa and elongation to failure of 7.6%). This work shows that proper post-processing can mitigate the issues typically affecting LPBF fabricated HEAs, producing tailored microstructures with satisfactory mechanical performances

Surgical Results of Patients with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Treated with Cytoreductive Surgery Using a New Technique Named Aqua Dissection

During 2004 to 2011, 81, 420, and 166 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), epithelial appendiceal neoplasm (APN), and gastric cancer (GC) with PC were treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus perioperative chemotherapy. CRS was performed by peritonectomy techniques using an aqua dissection. Results. Complete cytoreduction was done in 62/81 (76.5%), 228/420 (54.3%), and 101/166 (60.8%) of patients with CRC, APN, and GC. The main reasons of incomplete resections were involvement of all peritoneal regions and diffuse involvement of small bowel. The incidence (64%, 302/470) of CC-0 resection after introduction of an aqua dissection was significantly higher than before (42%, 82/197). A total of 41 (6.1%) patients died postoperatively. Major complication (grade 3-4 complications) occurred in 126 patients (18.9%). A reoperation was necessary in 36 patients (5.4%). By the multivariate analysis, PCI scores capable of serving as thresholds for favorable versus poor prognosis in each group and CC scores demonstrated as the independent prognostic factors. Conclusions. Peritonectomy using an aqua dissection improves the incidence of complete cytoreduction, and improves the survival of patients with PC. Patients with PCI larger than the threshold values should be treated with chemotherapy to improve the incidences of complete cytoreduction

Primary retroperitoneal mullerian adenocarcinoma

Mullerian tumors are extremely rare malignancies in the retroperitoneum. We report a case of a 46-year old woman who presented with an eight year history of lower abdominal mass. Ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a 15×10 cm cystic mass in the left lower retroperitoneum. As serial percutaneous needle aspiration cytology was negative for malignancy, she was observed for seven years. Eleven months ago, the mass was excised. The histopathology was reported as mucinous adenocarcinoma of the retroperitoneum. Six cycles of intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy was administered during the last six months after diagnosis of recurrence by aspiration cytology and high serum tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9). A few days ago, positron emission tomographic (PET) scanning showed evidence of local recurrence and single vertebral metastasis, so she was admitted again for systemic chemotherapy. Meticulous revision of additional sections of the tumor revealed papillary, serous, mucinous, and endometrioid subtypes of the mullerian adenocarcinoma. To our knowledge, there has been no similar case described in the literature

Applying Machine Learning of Erythrocytes Dynamic Antigens Store in Medicine

Erythrocytes Dynamic Antigens Store (EDAS) is a new discovery. EDAS consists of self-antigens and foreign (non-self) antigens. In patients with infectious diseases or malignancies, antigens of infection microorganism or malignant tumor exist in EDAS. Storing EDAS of normal individuals and patients in a database has, at least, two benefits. First, EDAS can be mined to determine biomarkers representing diseases which can enable researchers to develop a new line of laboratory diagnostic tests and vaccines. Second, EDAS can be queried, directly, to reach a precise diagnosis without the need to do many laboratory tests. The target is to find the minimum set of proteins that can be used as biomarkers for a particular disease. A hypothetical EDAS is created. Hundred-thousand records are randomly generated. The mathematical model of hypothetical EDAS together with the proposed techniques for biomarker discovery and direct diagnosis are described. The different possibilities that may occur in reality are experimented. Biomarkers' proteins are identified for pathogens and malignancies, which can be used to diagnose conditions that are difficult to diagnose. The presented tool can be used in clinical laboratories to diagnose disease disorders