3 research outputs found

    Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate and photoperiod on Cell Growth and morphology of Isochrysis galbana

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    Microalgae play a vital role in many aquaculture feed application processes. Maintaining a microalgae production facility has been estimated to account for an average of 30 % and up to 60 % of the total budget of aquaculture hatcheries, despite several research programs and global efforts to reduce production costs of algal biomass. The use of bicarbonate as carbon inorganic to produce microalgae biomass for bivalve hatcheries was proposed as an alternative to reduce this cost. The focus of this investigation is characterization of the interaction of bicarbonate-based microalgae cultivation and photoperiod on the growth rate and production of brown microalgae Isochrysis galbana. The salt was provided to the cultures at the final concentration from 0.5 to 2.5 g L-1. Concerning photoperiod, two cycles of light:dark (6:18 and 12:12) were studied under light intensity at 160 µmol m-2 s-1. The growth rate of Isochrysis galbana showed values significantly higher in the culture supplemented with 0.5 and 1 g L-1 of NaHCO3 respectively under cycles 6L:18D and 12L:12D. Bicarbonate administration leads to a significant increase in cellular size at the stationary phase, probably related to starch or lipid accumulation. This study proved that the addition of bicarbonate is a viable strategy to enhance the production of microalgae and reduce production costs

    Hygiene quality of traditional and industrial table olives from markets in Rabat-Salé and Temara cities in Morocco

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    Background: Table olives are one of the most important vegetable canning products in Morocco, which is considered one of the world's largest producing countries. Currently, many outlets prepare table olives by different methods that do not comply with standard hygiene practices. Hence, this research was conducted to assess the quality standard of these olives by evaluating their physico-chemical and microbiological properties.Methodology: A total of 108 samples of table olives (pitted green olives and blacks) obtained from Rabat-SalĂ© and Rabat-Temara markets in Morocco were evaluated. Physico-chemical properties of the olives including pH, oxido-reduction potential (ORP) and titrable acidity were determined using the analytical methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Microbiological analyses including standard plate count (SPC) for total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMB), total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC), yeasts, clostridia, Staphylococcus aureus, faecal streptococci and salmonella counts, were performed using standard microbiological methods. The identification of yeast isolates was carried out with the commercial API 20C biochemical identification kit.Results: The average microbial loads for traditional olive samples were 3.2x106 CFU/ml for SPC, 1.7x104 CFU/ml for TC, 8.7x103 CFU/ml for FC, and 2.5x106 CFU/ml for yeast, which were higher compared to the average microbial loads of industrial olives with values of 5.9x105 CFU/ml, 5x101 CFU/ml, 0 CFU/ml and 0 CFU/ml respectively. One hundred percent (56 of 56) of the traditional olives (pitted green and black) from Temara-Rabatmarkets were contaminated with coliforms while 50% of green and 65% of black olives in SalĂ©-Rabat were contaminated with coliforms. Five percent (5%) each of the traditional green and black olives in SalĂ©-Rabat markets were contaminated with clostridia (spore forming bacteria). No FC or other bacteria and yeasts were present in the industrial olives, and none of the olives was contaminated with S. aureus, faecal streptococci and salmonella. Of the total of 8 yeast strains isolated from the traditional olives, 4 (50%) were Candida guilliermondii, 2 (25%) Candida lusitaniae and 2 (25%) Candida famata.Conclusion: The contamination of olive oil products may be due to different sources such as water, processing materials, storage condition, cleaning, labour and others. There is need for increase awareness and control of these at the points of sale of these traditional olives. Keywords: hygiene; physico-chemical properties; microbiology; traditional olives; quality   French Title: QualitĂ© Hygiène des olives de table traditionnelles et industrielles des marchĂ©s des villes de Rabat-SalĂ© et TĂ©mara au Maroc Contexte: Les olives de table sont l'un des produits de mise en conserve de lĂ©gumes les plus importants au Maroc, qui est considĂ©rĂ© comme l'un des plus grands pays producteurs du monde. Actuellement, de nombreux points de vente prĂ©parent les olives de table par diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes non conformes aux pratiques d'hygiène standard. Ainsi, cette recherche a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e pour Ă©valuer le standard de qualitĂ© de ces olives en Ă©valuant leurs propriĂ©tĂ©s physico-chimiques et microbiologiques.MĂ©thodologie: Un total de 108 Ă©chantillons d'olives de table (olives vertes dĂ©noyautĂ©es et noires) obtenus sur les marchĂ©s de Rabat-SalĂ© et Rabat-TĂ©mara au Maroc ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s. Les propriĂ©tĂ©s physico-chimiques des olives, y compris le pH, le potentiel d'oxydorĂ©duction (ORP) et l'aciditĂ© titrable ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©es en utilisant les mĂ©thodes analytiques de l'Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Les analyses microbiologiques, y compris la numĂ©ration sur plaque standard (SPC) pour la flore mĂ©sophile aĂ©robie totale (FMAT), les coliformes totaux (CT), les coliformes fĂ©caux (CF), les levures, les clostridies, Staphylococcus aureus, les streptocoques fĂ©caux et les numĂ©rations de salmonelles, ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es Ă  l'aide de mĂ©thodes microbiologiques standard. L'identification des isolats de levure a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e avec le kit d'identification biochimique API 20E du commerce.RĂ©sultats: Les charges microbiennes moyennes pour les Ă©chantillons d'olives traditionnelles Ă©taient de 3,2x106 UFC/ml pour le SPC, 1,7x104 UFC/ml pour le TC, 8,7x103 UFC/ml pour le FC et 2,5x106 UFC/ml pour la levure, qui Ă©taient plus Ă©levĂ©es par rapport aux charges microbiennes moyennes des olives industrielles avec des valeurs respectives de 5,9x105 UFC/ml, 5x101 UFC/ml, 0 UFC/ml et 0 UFC/ml. Cent pour cent (56 sur 56) des olivestraditionnelles (dĂ©noyautĂ©es vertes et noires) des marchĂ©s de TĂ©mara-Rabat Ă©taient contaminĂ©es par des coliformes tandis que 50% des olives vertes et 65% des olives noires de SalĂ©-Rabat Ă©taient contaminĂ©es par des coliformes. Cinq pour cent (5%) de chacune des olives vertes et noires traditionnelles des marchĂ©s de SalĂ©-Rabat Ă©taient contaminĂ©es par des clostridia (bactĂ©ries sporulantes). Aucune FC ni aucune autre bactĂ©rie et levure n'Ă©taient prĂ©sentes dans les olives industrielles, et aucune des olives n'Ă©tait contaminĂ©e par S. aureus, des streptocoques fĂ©caux et des salmonelles. Sur un total de 8 souches de levure isolĂ©es des olives traditionnelles, 4 (50%) Ă©taient Candida guilliermondii, 2 (25%) Candida lusitaniae et 2 (25%) Candida famata.Conclusion: La contamination des produits Ă  base d'huile d'olive peut ĂŞtre due Ă  diffĂ©rentes sources telles que l'eau, les matĂ©riaux de traitement, les conditions de stockage, le nettoyage, la main-d'Ĺ“uvre et autres. Il est nĂ©cessaire d'accroĂ®tre la sensibilisation et le contrĂ´le de ceux-ci dans les points de vente de ces olives traditionnelles. Mots-clĂ©s: hygiène; propriĂ©tĂ©s physico-chimiques; microbiologie; olives traditionnelles; qualitĂ© &nbsp
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