Noise impact of advanced high lift systems

The impact of advanced high lift systems on aircraft size, performance, direct operating cost and noise were evaluated for short-to-medium and medium-to-long range aircraft with high bypass ratio and very high bypass ratio engines. The benefit of advanced high lift systems in reducing noise was found to be less than 1 effective-perceived-noise decibel level (EPNdB) when the aircraft were sized to minimize takeoff gross weight. These aircraft did, however, have smaller wings and lower engine thrusts for the same mission than aircraft with conventional high lift systems. When the advanced high lift system was implemented without reducing wing size and simultaneously using lower flap angles that provide higher L/D at approach a cumulative noise reduction of as much as 4 EPNdB was obtained. Comparison of aircraft configurations that have similar approach speeds showed cumulative noise reduction of 2.6 EPNdB that is purely the result of incorporating advanced high lift system in the aircraft design

Parallel selection on ecologically relevant gene functions in the transcriptomes of highly diversifying salmonids

Background: Salmonid fishes are characterised by a very high level of variation in trophic, ecological, physiological, and life history adaptations. Some salmonid taxa show exceptional potential for fast, within-lake diversification into morphologically and ecologically distinct variants, often in parallel; these are the lake-resident charr and whitefish (several species in the genera Salvelinus and Coregonus). To identify selection on genes and gene categories associated with such predictable diversifications, we analysed 2702 orthogroups (4.82 Mbp total; average 4.77 genes/orthogroup; average 1783 bp/orthogroup). We did so in two charr and two whitefish species and compared to five other salmonid lineages, which do not evolve in such ecologically predictable ways, and one non-salmonid outgroup. Results: All selection analyses are based on Coregonus and Salvelinus compared to non-diversifying taxa. We found more orthogroups were affected by relaxed selection than intensified selection. Of those, 122 were under significant relaxed selection, with trends of an overrepresentation of serine family amino acid metabolism and transcriptional regulation, and significant enrichment of behaviour-associated gene functions. Seventy-eight orthogroups were under significant intensified selection and were enriched for signalling process and transcriptional regulation gene ontology terms and actin filament and lipid metabolism gene sets. Ninety-two orthogroups were under diversifying/positive selection. These were enriched for signal transduction, transmembrane transport, and pyruvate metabolism gene ontology terms and often contained genes involved in transcriptional regulation and development. Several orthogroups showed signs of multiple types of selection. For example, orthogroups under relaxed and diversifying selection contained genes such as ap1m2, involved in immunity and development, and slc6a8, playing an important role in muscle and brain creatine uptake. Orthogroups under intensified and diversifying selection were also found, such as genes syn3, with a role in neural processes, and ctsk, involved in bone remodelling. Conclusions: Our approach pinpointed relevant genomic targets by distinguishing among different kinds of selection. We found that relaxed, intensified, and diversifying selection affect orthogroups and gene functions of ecological relevance in salmonids. Because they were found consistently and robustly across charr and whitefish and not other salmonid lineages, we propose these genes have a potential role in the replicated ecological diversifications

Parallel selection on ecologically relevant gene functions in the transcriptomes of highly diversifying salmonids

Background: Salmonid fishes are characterised by a very high level of variation in trophic, ecological, physiological, and life history adaptations. Some salmonid taxa show exceptional potential for fast, within-lake diversification into morphologically and ecologically distinct variants, often in parallel; these are the lake-resident charr and whitefish (several species in the genera Salvelinus and Coregonus). To identify selection on genes and gene categories associated with such predictable diversifications, we analysed 2702 orthogroups (4.82 Mbp total; average 4.77 genes/orthogroup; average 1783 bp/orthogroup). We did so in two charr and two whitefish species and compared to five other salmonid lineages, which do not evolve in such ecologically predictable ways, and one non-salmonid outgroup. Results: All selection analyses are based on Coregonus and Salvelinus compared to non-diversifying taxa. We found more orthogroups were affected by relaxed selection than intensified selection. Of those, 122 were under significant relaxed selection, with trends of an overrepresentation of serine family amino acid metabolism and transcriptional regulation, and significant enrichment of behaviour-associated gene functions. Seventy-eight orthogroups were under significant intensified selection and were enriched for signalling process and transcriptional regulation gene ontology terms and actin filament and lipid metabolism gene sets. Ninety-two orthogroups were under diversifying/positive selection. These were enriched for signal transduction, transmembrane transport, and pyruvate metabolism gene ontology terms and often contained genes involved in transcriptional regulation and development. Several orthogroups showed signs of multiple types of selection. For example, orthogroups under relaxed and diversifying selection contained genes such as ap1m2, involved in immunity and development, and slc6a8, playing an important role in muscle and brain creatine uptake. Orthogroups under intensified and diversifying selection were also found, such as genes syn3, with a role in neural processes, and ctsk, involved in bone remodelling. Conclusions: Our approach pinpointed relevant genomic targets by distinguishing among different kinds of selection. We found that relaxed, intensified, and diversifying selection affect orthogroups and gene functions of ecological relevance in salmonids. Because they were found consistently and robustly across charr and whitefish and not other salmonid lineages, we propose these genes have a potential role in the replicated ecological diversifications

Comparing clinician knowledge and online information regarding Alli (Orlistat)

BACKGROUND: Many consumers join online communities focused on health. Online forums are a popular medium for the exchange of health information between consumers, so it is important to determine the accuracy and completeness of information posted to online forums. OBJECTIVE: We compared the accuracy and completeness of information regarding the FDA-approved over-the counter weight-loss drug Alli (Orlistat) from forums and from clinicians. METHODS: We identified Alli-related questions posted on online forums and then posed the questions to 11 primary care providers. We then compared the clinicians\u27 answers to the answers given on the forums. A panel of blinded experts evaluated the accuracy and completeness of the answers on a scale of 0-4. Another panel of blinded experts categorized questions as being best answered based on clinical experience versus review of the literature. RESULTS: The accuracy and completeness of clinician responses was slightly better than forum responses, but there was no significant difference (2.3 vs. 2.1, p=0.5). Only one forum answer contained information that could potentially cause harm if the advice was followed. CONCLUSIONS: Forum answers were comparable to clinicians\u27 answers with respect to accuracy and completeness, but answers from both sources were unsatisfactory

Factores de riesgo asociados a sepsis neonatal temprana en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital Primario Carlos Centeno-Siuna de Julio del 2014 a Julio del año 2015.

El objetivo fue analizar los factores de riesgo asociados a sepsis neonatal temprana en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital Primario Carlos Centeno-Siuna de Julio del 2014 a Julio del año 2015. El estudio fue de tipo analítico, observacional, de casos y controles. El universo lo constituyeron 494 recién nacidos egresados de la sala de neonatología del HPCC durante el periodo de estudio. La muestra fue probabilística aleatoria simple, se estableció una relación de 2 controles por cada caso. Se estudiaron 33 casos y 66 controles para un total de 99 expedientes utilizados para el estudio, obteniendo cada dato de los expedientes clínicos. La fuente de recolección de información fue secundaria. Se realizaron medidas descriptivas (frecuencias y porcentajes) y analíticas (OR, chi cuadrada y valor d P). Dentro los factores de riesgo maternos asociados a sepsis neonatal temprana los que presentaron relación estadísticamente causal fueron el analfabetismo con un OR 8.8, IC 2.5-30.4, valor de P 0.0002; la RPM con un OR 4.6, IC 1.0-20.0, valor de P 0.035; la UVU activa en el III trimestre del embarazo con un OR 4, IC 1.6-9.9, valor de P 0.001 y de los factores de riesgo neonatales en los que se encontró asociación estadística fueron el bajo peso al nacer con un OR 4.6, IC 1.0-20.0, valor de P 0.035; el APGAR al minuto ≤ 3 con un OR 5.7, IC 1.9-17.1, valor de P 0.0001; APGAR al 5 minuto ≤ 7 con un OR 8.6, IC 1.6-44.2, y valor de P 0.005

Physiological Responses to Acute Cycling With Blood Flow Restriction

Aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) can improve muscular function and aerobic capacity. However, the extent to which cuff pressure influences acute physiological responses to aerobic exercise with BFR is not well documented. We compared blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and neuromuscular responses to acute cycling with and without BFR. Ten participants completed four intermittent cycling (6 × 2 min) conditions: low-load cycling (LL), low-load cycling with BFR at 60% of limb occlusion pressure (BFR60), low-load cycling with BFR at 80% of limb occlusion pressure (BFR80), and high-load cycling (HL). Tissue oxygenation, cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and perceptual responses were assessed during cycling and blood flow was measured during recovery periods. Pre- to post-exercise changes in knee extensor function were also assessed. BFR60 and BFR80 reduced blood flow (~33 and ~ 50%, respectively) and tissue saturation index (~5 and ~15%, respectively) when compared to LL (all  \u3c 0.05). BFR60 resulted in lower VO, heart rate, ventilation, and perceived exertion compared to HL (all  \u3c 0.05), whereas BFR80 resulted in similar heart rates and exertion to HL (both  \u3e 0.05). BFR60 and BFR80 elicited greater pain compared to LL and HL (all  \u3c 0.05). After exercise, knee extensor torque decreased by ~18 and 40% for BFR60 and BFR80, respectively (both  \u3c 0.05), and was compromised mostly through peripheral mechanisms. Cycling with BFR increased metabolic stress, decreased blood flow, and impaired neuromuscular function. However, only BFR60 did so without causing very severe pain (\u3e8 on pain intensity scale). Cycling with BFR at moderate pressure may serve as a potential alternative to traditional high-intensity aerobic exercise

Analysis and Applications of Water Vapor-Derived Multispectral Composites for Geostationary Satellites

Analysis of multispectral (red-green-blue, RGB) satellite image composites can be used to improve understanding of thermodynamic and / or dynamic features associated with the development of significant weather events (cyclones, hurricanes, intense convection, turbulence, etc.) The enhanced water vapor imaging capabilities of the Advanced Baseline Imager on GOES-16 and GOES-17 satellites provide a unique opportunity to demonstrate this capability through a comparison of the Air Mass (AM) and Differential Water Vapor (DWV) RGB image products for several case studies

Transformaciones conformes y algunas de sus aplicaciones

Dar a conocer la base teórica y algunas aplicaciones de las transformaciones conformes en el área de análisis complejo El propósito del presente trabajo es ampliar los conocimientos adquiridos sobre Análisis Complejo a lo largo de la carrera de Licenciatura en Matemáticas y además ser una guía a los estudiantes para el desarrollo de sus conocimientos en dicha área, en particular en el tema que estudiaremos denominado: "Transformaciones Conformes y Algunas de sus Aplicaciones" desarrollando de manera contundente, detallada y precisa la teoría de dicho tema, así como también dar a conocer la importancia y utilidad de este tópico de la matemática mediante sus aplicaciones, de igual forma servir de apoyo a futuras investigaciones en esta área. Por lo que concluimos que aparte de ser un tema que difícilmente se alcanza a abordar en la carrera, es muy interesante y de mucha utilidad e interés para nosotros

Predicting health-related social needs in Medicaid and Medicare populations using machine learning

Providers currently rely on universal screening to identify health-related social needs (HRSNs). Predicting HRSNs using EHR and community-level data could be more efficient and less resource intensive. Using machine learning models, we evaluated the predictive performance of HRSN status from EHR and community-level social determinants of health (SDOH) data for Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries participating in the Accountable Health Communities Model. We hypothesized that Medicaid insurance coverage would predict HRSN status. All models significantly outperformed the baseline Medicaid hypothesis. AUCs ranged from 0.59 to 0.68. The top performance (AUC = 0.68 CI 0.66-0.70) was achieved by the any HRSNs outcome, which is the most useful for screening prioritization. Community-level SDOH features had lower predictive performance than EHR features. Machine learning models can be used to prioritize patients for screening. However, screening only patients identified by our current model(s) would miss many patients. Future studies are warranted to optimize prediction of HRSNs