Omlægning til økologisk jordbrug i et lokalområde. Scenarier for natur miljø og produktion

Delprojektet om Natur- og miljøscenarier formulerede 4 måder at omlægge 25% af et konkret værkstedsområde til økologisk jordbrug. I scenariet ”Mælk” var det fortrinsvis kvægbrug, der blev omlagt. Scenariet ”1997” var også domineret af mælkeproducenter, men med et tillæg af planteavlsbedrifter. Scenariet ”Planter/svin” omfattede udelukkende svine- og planteavlsbrug, og scenariet ”Selvforsyning” omfattede bedrifter i et udpeget SFL-område, som ikke måtte supplere produktionen med indkøbt foder. Resultaterne pegede på en tendens til fald i kvælstofudvaskningen i hele området i tre scenarier, mens der var uklarhed m.h.t. det fjerde - ”Planter/svin”- scenariet. Belastningen med pesticider blev reduceret. I scenarierne ”Mælk” og ”1997”var reduktionen mindre end de forventelige 25%, mens den var 31% for svine- og plantebrug. Hvad angår jordforstyrrelser øgedes den andel af arealet, der ikke blev forstyrret med 35% og 21% i de to scenarier ”Mælk” og ”1997, mens øgningen for ”Planter/svin” var 10%, og for ”Selvforsyning” 15%. Ved omlægning af plante- og svinebrug øgedes samtidig arealet, der blev forstyrret mere end konventionelle kornafgrøder med maksimalt 6% af hele området. Udlægsmarker blev øget fra 8% af områdets samlede areal til 10 og 14% i de to mælkeproducentdominerede scenarier - og helt op til 18 og 19% af totalarealet i ”Planter/svin”- og ”Selvforsyning”-scenarierne. En særligt dybtgående analyse af lærkers levevilkår viste, at territorietæthed og produktion af unger ikke ændrede sig konsistent med omlægning fra økologisk til konventionel drift, fordi ændringer i afgrødefordeling, ophør med pesticider, intensiv græsning og mekanisk ukrudtsbekæmpelse påvirker levevilkårene såvel positivt som negativt

Technoeconomic analysis of a methanol plant based on gasification of biomass and electrolysis of water

International audienceMethanol production process configurations based on renewable energy sources have been designed. The processes were analyzed in the thermodynamic process simulation tool DNA. The syngas used for the catalytic methanol production was produced by gasification of biomass, electrolysis of water, CO from post-combustion capture and autothermal reforming of natural gas or biogas. Underground gas storage of hydrogen and oxygen was used in connection with the electrolysis to enable the electrolyser to follow the variations in the power produced by renewables. Six plant configurations, each with a different syngas production method, were compared. The plants achieve methanol exergy efficiencies of 59-72%, the best from a configuration incorporating autothermal reforming of biogas and electrolysis of water for syngas production. The different processes in the plants are highly heat integrated, and the low-temperature waste heat is used for district heat production. This results in high total energy efficiencies (~90%) for the plants. The specific methanol costs for the six plants are in the range 11.8-25.3 €/GJ. The lowest cost is obtained by a plant using electrolysis of water, gasification of biomass and autothermal reforming of natural gas for syngas production

Impact of socioeconomic position on initiation of SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes – a Danish nationwide observational study

BACKGROUND: Low socioeconomic position may affect initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucacon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We examined the association between socioeconomic position and initiation of SGLT-2i or GLP-1RA in patients with T2D at time of first intensification of antidiabetic treatment. METHODS: Through nationwide registers, we identified all Danish patients on metformin who initiated second-line add-on therapy between December 10, 2012, and December 31, 2020. For each time period (2012-2014, 2015-2017, and 2018-2020), we used multivariable multinomial logistic regression to associate disposable income, as proxy for socioeconomic position, with the probability of initiating a specific second-line treatment at time of first intensification. We reported probabilities standardised to the distribution of demographics and comorbidities of patients included in the last period (2018-2020). FINDINGS: We included 48915 patients (median age 62 years; 61·7% men). In each time period, high-income patients were more often men and had less comorbidities as compared with low income-patients. In each time period, the standardised probability of initiating a SGLT-2i or a GLP-1RA was significantly higher in the highest income group compared with the lowest: 11·4% vs. 9·5% (probability ratio [PR] 1·21, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1·01-1·44) in 2012-2014; 22·6% vs. 19.6% (PR 1·15, CI 1·05-1·27) in 2015-2017; and 65·8% vs. 54·8% (PR 1·20, CI 1·16-1·24) in 2018-2020. The differences by income were consistent across multiple subgroups. INTERPRETATION: Despite a universal healthcare system, low socioeconomic position was consistently associated with a lower probability of initiating a SGLT-2i or a GLP-1RA. These disparities may widen the future socioeconomic gap in cardiovascular outcomes. FUNDING: The work was funded by unrestricted grants from ‘Region Sjaelland Den Sundhedsvidenskabelige Forskningsfond’ and ‘Murermester Lauritz Peter Christensen og hustru Kirsten Sigrid Christensens Fond’