A comparison between the superb microvascular imaging technique and conventional Doppler ultrasound in evaluating chronic allograft damage in renal transplant recipients

PURPOSEThe present study comparatively evaluates the performance of conventional Doppler ultrasound and superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in delineating the cortical microvessels of the transplanted kidney and compares the chronic allograft damage index (CADI) based on the examination of biopsy specimens with Doppler ultrasound and SMI findings.METHODSSixty-eight renal transplant recipients underwent kidney biopsy with the pre-diagnosis of rejection before undergoing renal Doppler ultrasound examination between January 2020 and October 2020. The distance between the kidney capsule and the vascular structure closest to the kidney capsule was measured at the level of the lower pole in the transplanted kidney using color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS), power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS), and the SMI technique. The kidney size, resistive index at the level of the arcuate artery in the lower pole of the kidney, and renal artery flow rates were also measured.RESULTSThe mean distance between the kidney capsule and the vessel was 2.44 ± 2.0 mm on CDUS, 1.34 ± 1.2 mm on PDUS, 0.99 ± 1.8 mm using the color SMI (cSMI) technique, and 0.86 ± 1.8 mm using the monochrome SMI (mSMI) technique. The study found that the SMI technique was superior to CDUS and PDUS in delineating the cortical microvasculature of the kidney. Both Doppler ultrasound examinations and the SMI technique proved effective in predicting the CADI (P = 0.006 for CDUS, P = 0.002 for PDUS, P = 0.018 for cSMI, and P = 0.027 for mSMI).Among conventional Doppler ultrasound examinations and the SMI technique, PDUS had the highest sensitivity, and cSMI had the highest specificity in differentiating high and low CADI values. Both the cSMI and mSMI techniques had similar sensitivity values, whereas only cSMI exhibited high specificity. CDUS had the lowest specificity value (P = 0.003 for CDUS, P = 0.002 for PDUS, P = 0.005 for cSMI, and P = 0.004 for mSMI).CONCLUSIONThe present study is the first in the literature to demonstrate the utility of the distance between the kidney capsule and the vessels in predicting the CADI score and to compare the Doppler ultrasound examinations and SMI technique in doing so

Risk Perception and Management Strategies in Agricultural Production: A Case Of Adana Province Of Turkey

This study aims to determine and analyze farmers’ risk perceptions and risk management strategies in agricultural production. Data were obtained in 2015 production year from face-to-face interviews of 99 farmers in Yüregir and Karaisalı district of Adana province of Turkey. Factor analysis was used in data reduction to identify a small number of factors related to risk sources and risk strategies in this study. Then, multiple regression model was used to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on the farmers’ risk perceptions and risk management strategies using factor loadings. The results of this study show that the most important risk source that the farmers' perceive is availability of many middlemens in agriculture and food market and risk management strategy that the farmers' perceive is producing at the lowest cost. The result of factor analysis showed that the risk scale consists of 5 factors explaining 60.66% of total variance. The internal consistency coefficient Cronbach Alfa of the scale is 0.918 and KMO is 0.869. The risk management scale consists of 4 factors explaining 64.23% of total variance. The internal consistency coefficient Cronbach Alfa of the scale is 0.944 and KMO is 0.910. According to the results, perceptions are farmer-specific, a number of socio-economic variables are found to be related to risk and risk management. Improving of risk management strategies is useful for farmers as well and might help them to avoid many risks and reduce losses

Diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencilerinde çürük prevelansı, ağız diş sağlığı tutum ve davranışları ve dental anksiyetenin belirlenmesi

Attempting to develop a consensus about what teachers need to know and be able to do has been a contentious process. How teachers are prepared, inducted, and sustained in the teaching profession has been the focus of scrutiny over the past decade. Voices within the academic community, as well as commissions and governmental agencies, have questioned fundamental assumptions that have driven teacher training and on-going professional learning. Professional learning communities, in which teachers collaborate to examine the needs of their students, share ideas about teaching and learning, and inquire together about dilemmas arising in their practice, have been increasingly touted as structures to nurture and sustain teachers in their growth as professionals. Further, the use of intentional conversational strategies, often called protocols, has been suggested as a means to transform the conversational practices of teachers to support their working together. This case study examined the work of a group of teachers who share common planning time in a large comprehensive high school in a Northeastern United States city. The researcher focused on the novice teachers in the group and attempted to understand the impact of the professional learning community process, particularly the use of protocols, upon their experience as new teachers. Using a phenomenological analytical framework, the study suggested two hypotheses: (1) Professional learning communities can support novice teachers in their induction process: (a) when the members of the community can communicate in ways that demonstrate to the novice teachers that they are valued; and (b) where a spirit of open-ended inquiry exists. (2) Protocols support the development of a more level playing field between veteran and novice teachers so that the flow of conversation moves in two directions. Achieving this kind of conversation enhances the willingness of the novice teachers to engage in the work of the community

Diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencilerinde çürük prevelansı, ağız diş sağlığı tutum ve davranışları ve dental anksiyetenin belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı Erciyes Üniversitesi DişHekimliği Fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin çürük prevelansını, ağız diş sağlığı tutum vedavranışlarını ve dental anksiyete düzeylerini belirlemekt

Estimation of feed intake and digestibility in grazing cattle using alkane indicator technique

Bu çalışmada, merada otlayan danalarda alkan indikatör metodu ile Kuru Madde Tüketimi (KMTt) ve Kuru Madde Sindirilebilirliği (KMSt) tahmini ve Kars şartlarında hayvanların sezonun değişik dönemlerinde meradan ne kadar yararlanabildiklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma iki deneme halinde yürütüldü, ilk denemede 5 adet erkek dana (ort. CA 244.5±2.3 kg) kullanılmış olup deneme 20 gün sürmüştür. İlk denemede kapalı mekanda kontrollü yemleme ile belirlenen Kuru Madde Tüketimi (KMT) ve Sindirilebilirliğinin (KMS), alkan indikatörler kullanılarak yapılan KMTt ve KMSt ile karşılaştırılması yapılmış ve alkan indikatör tekniği ile yapılan tahminlerin doğruluk ve güvenilebilirliği belirlenmiştir. İkinci deneme ise merada otlayan hayvanlar kullanılarak 20’şer günlük 5 dönem halinde yürütülmüştür. Bu denemede toplam 10 adet erkek dana (ort. CA 164.9±1.5 kg) 2 gruba ayrılarak her bir dönemde farklı grup hayvan kullanılmıştır. Ahır denemesinde en iyi KMTt karma (24 saat boyunca toplanan) numunelerde alkan C33:C32 çiftiyle yapılan hesaplamalarla elde edilmiştir (R2: 0.86). Alkan C32 ve C33 kullanılarak elde edilen KMSt’leri KMS’ne benzer bulunurken, alkan C36 kullanılarak elde edilen KMSt’leri düşük bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Ahır denemesinde elde edilen sonuçlar alkan indikatör kapsüllerin alkan indikatör metodunda dozlama amacıyla başarıyla kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Mera çalışması sonuçlarına göre hayvanların Ağustos ayı sonlarından itibaren meradan kuru madde ihtiyaçlarını yeterince karşılayamadıkları belirlenmiştir.This study examined the estimation of the Dry-Matter Intake (DMIe) and Digestibility (DMDe) and the utilization of the pasture by grazing cattle in different seasons of the Kars region by using alkane indicator technique. Two experiments were carried out, and in the first experiment, 5 male cattle (mean LW. 244.5&plusmn;2.3 kg) were used for 20 days. In first experiment, the precision and reliability of alkane indicator technique were determined by comparing the real Dry Matter Intake (DMI) and Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD) which was obtained by the controlled indoor study with DMIe and DMDe estimated by using alkane indicators. The second experiment was conducted with the pasturing cattle in meadow in 5 terms each lasted 20 days. Ten male cattle (mean LW. 164.9&plusmn;1.5 kg) were divided in two groups, and different animals were used in each term. The best result for DMIe was obtained by using the alkanes C33:C32 couples in mixed (collected in 24 h) samples in indoor study (R2: 0.86). DMDe&amp;#8217;s calculated by using alkanes C32 and C33 were similar to the real DMD, whereas the DMDe&amp;#8217;s with alkane C36 were underestimated (P&lt;0.05). The results obtained with indoor study showed that alkane indicator capsules could be used successfully as a dosing method in alkane indicator method. According to the second experiment results, it was determined that the animals, grazing in the pasture in Kars conditions, were not able to get required nutrient from the pasture towards the end of August

Isolation of various Arcobacter species from domestic geese (Anser anser)

In this study, the prevalence and distribution of various Arcobacter spp. were investigated in samples taken from the cloacae of healthy domestic geese raised in Turkey. A membrane filtration technique with a non-selective blood agar was employed after enrichment in Arcobacter enrichment broth (AEB) to isolate a wide range of Arcobacter spp. In addition, the isolates were characterized phenotypically and identified at species level using a multiplex-PCR assay. A total of 90 cloacal swab samples taken from geese, collected on three farms (18, 25, 47 samples, respectively), were examined. Of the samples examined, 16 (18%) were found positive for Arcobacter. One Arcobacter species was isolated from each bird. Of the 16 Arcobacter isolates, 7 (44%), 7 (44%) and 2 (12.5%) were identified by m-PCR as A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii and A. butzleri, respectively. The present study indicates that domestic geese can harbour a variety of Arcobacter spp. in their cloacae. The presence of Arcobacter in geese may be of significance as reservoirs in their dissemination. Detailed research is needed for better understanding of the epidemiology and zoonotic potential of this emerging pathogen

Thermally Induced Phase Transition and Defect-Assisted Nonlinear Absorption and Optical Limiting in Nanorod Morphology V2O5 Thin Films

© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbHVanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films are greatly favorable materials for optoelectronic applications due to their broad optical bandgap and considerable thermal and chemical stability. Herein, the influence of thermal treatment on the microstructure related to the nonlinear optical, optical limiting, and phase transition behaviors of V2O5 thin films produced via ultrasonic spray deposition method onto FTO/glass substrates is systematically examined by Z-scan experiments. Homogenous and crack-free V2O5 thin films with nanorod morphology are obtained after thermal treatment. OA Z-scan results indicate that the whole V2O5 thin films exhibit defect-assisted nonlinear absorption behavior, and annealing at 450 °C increases the nonlinear absorption and optical limiting behavior. Higher annealing temperatures, in contrast, lead to a decrease in these behaviors. CA Z-scan trace shows that the sign of nonlinear refractive index inverted by thermal process. The phase transition is associated with crystalline V2O5 thin films via thermal process. V2O5 thin films annealed at 450 °C are promising optical limiters within the 500–700 nm visible range due to their high linear transmittance (> 80%) and low optical limiting threshold

Borderline over tümörlerinin değerlendirilmesi: tek merkez 5 yıllık retrospektif analiz

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and histopathologically variables, treatment modality and, recurrens in patients treated for borderline ovarian tumors (BOT). Material and methods: A thirty-three patients treated for BOT were evaluated retrospectively in Ege University Medical School, Division Of Gynecologic Oncology during the 2005-2001, were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The average age was 41years. The average tumor size was 9,5 cm (2 - 27 cm) and histopathologic diagnose are serous, mucinous and seromucinous of BOT in 69% (23/33), 21% (7/33) m;uuml;sin;ouml;z, 10% (3/33), respectively. Frozen section was performed in 32 patients (96%) and accuracy rate of frozen section was 85%. Eighteen patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoopherectomy, one patient total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy, two patients laparoscopic cystectomy, 4 patients cystectomy by laparotomy and 8 patients unilateral salpingoophorectomy by laparotomy. The reccurence occured in a patient who underwent salpingoophorectomy by laparotomy. Twenty-two patients had stage IA (67%), 5 had stage IB (15%), 1 had stage IC (3%), 2 had stage IIA (6%) and 1 had stage IIIB (9%) disease. The avarege follow-up time was 37 months. Conclusion: BOT is usually observed in a premenopausal period and had a better prognosis than malignant tumors. The principal treatment modality of the BOT is surgery. The proposed modality of treatment must take into consideration the patients who wish to preserve fertility.Amaç: Borderline over tümörü (BOT) nedeniyle tedavi edilen ve izlenen olguların klinik özellikleri, tümörün histopatolojik tipi, yapılan tedavinin şekli ve yineleme açısından de¤erlendirilmesidir. Yöntem: Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Do¤um Anabilim Dalı Onkoloji Bölümünde 2005-2011 yılları arasında BOT tanısı alan ve tedavisi düzenlenen 33 hastanın geriye dönük olarak bilgilerine hastane veri tabanından ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular: Ortalama yaş 41 yıl idi. Tümör çapı ortalama 9,5 cm (2 - 27 cm) ve histopatolojik de¤erlendirmede %69 (23/33) seröz, %21 (7/33) müsinöz, %10 (3/33) serö-müsinöz olarak belirlendi. Otuz iki hastada donuk kesit patolojik inceleme uygulandı (%96), donuk kesit inceleme do¤ruluk oranı %85 olarak belirlendi. Olguların 18'i abdominal total histerektomi ve bilateral salpingoooferoktomi, biri total laparoskopik histerektomi ve bilateral salpingoooferoktomi, ikisi laparoskopik kistektomi, dördü laparotomi ile kistektomi, 8'i laparotomi ile unilateral salpingoooferoktomi (1 olguya ayrıca debulking cerrahi uygulandı) cerrahi ile tedavi edildi. Laparotomi ile salpingoooferoktomi yapılan 1 olguda yineleme saptandı. 22 olgu evre IA (%67), 5 olgu evre IB (%15), 1 olgu evre IC (%3), 2 olgu evre IIA (%6) ve 1 olguda evre IIIB (%9) saptandı. Hastaların ortalama izlem süresi 37 ay idi. Sonuç: BOT sıklıkla premenopozal dönemde gözlenen ve malign tümörlere göre çok daha iyi prognoza sahip lezyonlar olup temel tedavi yöntemi cerrahidir. Önerilen tedavi yöntemi hastanın fertilite iste¤i de göz önünde bulundurularak yapılmalıdır