Analisis Pengaruh Eps, Eva dan Cash Flow terhadap Harga Saham Perusahaan Food And Beverage yang Terdaftar di Bei

This research aimed to analyze the influence of Earning Per Share (EPS), Economic Value Added (EVA) and CashFlow to the stock price of food and beverage companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2007-2010. Thepopulation in this research was 18 companies and the samples in this research were 16 food and beveragecompanies in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2007-2010. The sampling technique used in this study was purposivesampling. While the analysis instrument in this research was the multiple linear regression. On the test coefficient of determination, the value of adjusted R square was 0.853, which meant theindependent variable EPS, EVA and Cash Flow could explain the variability of 85.3% of the dependent variablestock price. While the remaining 14.7% explained by other causes beyond the studied variables. Thesimultaneous regression testing (F-test) indicated that the variable EPS, EVA and Cash Flow had significantinfluence to the stock price. It could be proved from the F count (55.064) was bigger than F table (2.99). In thepartial regression testing (t-test), the variable earning per share (EPS) had siginificant influence to the stock pricewith t count (9.340) was bigger than t table (2.0595). Meanwhile, the economic value added (EVA) variable didnot influence the stock price with t count value (1.697) was smaller than t table value (2.0595) and the cash flowvariable also had no influence with the t count (-0.726) was bigger than t table (-2.0595). Keywords: Eearning Per Share (EPS), Economic Value Added (EVA),Cash Flow, Stock Price

Monitoring and evaluation of sports as a tool in HIV/AIDS awareness programmes: Experiences of five selected Non- Governmental Organisations in South Africa

Sport has increasingly been used as a vehicle for Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) awareness programmes, and the use of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) has become evident in the performance assessment of sport and development as well as HIV/AIDS programmes. The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of selected Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in monitoring and evaluation of their sport-based HIV/AIDS awareness programmes in South Africa. A qualitative study was carried out among employees of 5 selected NGOs that integrate sport with delivering HIV/AIDS awareness programmes in South Africa. Data were collected through a review of documents, key informant interviews (N=7) and a focus group discussion (N=7). Thematic approach following a descriptive framework was used to analyse data. The findings revealed that the selected NGOs in this study focus on similar HIV prevention messages linked to the key priorities highlighted in the current National Strategic Plan for HIV, sexually transmitted infections and tuberculosis of South Africa. However, monitoring and evaluation of outcomes of the NGOs’ HIV/AIDS awareness programmes remain a challenge. Of the five selected NGOs, only one has proven to have substantial documents and reports on monitoring and evaluation outcomes. Lack of M&E functions, as well as outcomes indicators, are critical elements limiting NGOs in demonstrating the outcomes of these HIV/AIDS awareness programmes. Capacity building on M&E is required to support the NGOs in being able to reflect accurate information on their sport-based HIV/AIDS activities and improve the M&E of their programmes.DHE

Tetraploid and hexaploid wheat varieties reveal large differences in expression of alpha-gliadins from homoeologous Gli-2 loci

Background - A-gliadins form a multigene protein family encoded by multiple ¿-gliadin (Gli-2) genes at three genomic loci, Gli-A2, Gli-B2 and Gli-D2, respectively located on the homoeologous wheat chromosomes 6AS, 6BS, and 6DS. These proteins contain a number of important celiac disease (CD)-immunogenic domains. The ¿-gliadins expressed from the Gli-B2 locus harbour fewer conserved CD-epitopes than those from Gli-A2, whereas the Gli-D2 gliadins have the highest CD-immunogenic potential. In order to detect differences in the highly CD-immunogenic ¿-gliadin fraction we determined the relative expression level from the homoeologous Gli-2 loci in various tetraploid and hexaploid wheat genotypes by using a quantitative pyrosequencing method and by analyzing expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences. Results - We detected large differences in relative expression levels of ¿-gliadin genes from the three homoeologous loci among wheat genotypes, both as relative numbers of expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences from specific varieties and when using a quantitative pyrosequencing assay specific for Gli-A2 genes. The relative Gli-A2 expression level in a tetraploid durum wheat cultivar ('Probstdorfer Pandur') was 41%. In genotypes derived from landraces, the Gli-A2 frequency varied between 12% and 58%. In some advanced hexaploid bread wheat cultivars the genes from locus Gli-B2 were hardly expressed (e.g., less than 5% in 'Lavett') but in others they made up more than 40% (e.g., in 'Baldus'). Conclusion - Here, we have shown that large differences exist in relative expression levels of ¿-gliadins from the homoeologous Gli-2 loci among wheat genotypes. Since the homoelogous genes differ in the amount of conserved CD-epitopes, screening for differential expression from the homoeologous Gli-2 loci can be employed for the pre-selection of wheat varieties in the search for varieties with very low CD-immunogenic potential. Pyrosequencing is a method that can be employed for such a 'gene family-specific quantitative transcriptome profiling

The benefits of being bilingual: Working memory in bilingual Turkish–Dutch children

AbstractWhether bilingual children outperform monolingual children on visuospatial and verbal working memory tests was investigated. In addition, relations among bilingual proficiency, language use at home, and working memory were explored. The bilingual Turkish–Dutch children (n=68) in this study were raised in families with lower socioeconomic status (SES) and had smaller Dutch vocabularies than Dutch monolingual controls (n=52). Having these characteristics, they are part of an under-researched bilingual population. It was found that the bilingual Turkish–Dutch children showed cognitive gains in visuospatial and verbal working memory tests when SES and vocabulary were controlled, in particular on tests that require processing and not merely storage. These findings converge with recent studies that have revealed bilingual cognitive advantages beyond inhibition, and they support the hypothesis that experience with dual language management influences the central executive control system that regulates processing across a wide range of task demands. Furthermore, the results show that bilingual cognitive advantages are found in socioeconomically disadvantaged bilingual populations and suggest that benefits to executive control are moderated by bilingual proficiency

Helicobacter hepaticus infection in BALB/c mice abolishes subunit-vaccine-induced protection against M. tuberculosis

AbstractBCG, the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), provides geographically variable protection, an effect ascribed to exposure to environmental mycobacteria (EM). Here we show that altering the intestinal microbiota of mice by early-life infection with the commensal bacterium Helicobacter hepaticus (Hh) increases their susceptibility to challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Furthermore Hh-infected mice immunised parenterally with the recombinant subunit vaccine, human adenovirus type 5 expressing the immunodominant antigen 85A of Mtb (Ad85A), display a reduced lung immune response and protection against Mtb challenge is also reduced. Expression of interleukin 10 (IL10) messenger RNA is increased in the colon of Hh infected mice. Treatment of Hh-infected Ad85A-immunised mice with anti-IL10 receptor antibody, following challenge with Mtb, restores the protective effect of the vaccine. These data show for the first time that alteration of the intestinal microbiota by addition of a single commensal organism can profoundly influence protection induced by a TB subunit vaccine via an IL10-dependent mechanism, a result with implications for the deployment of such vaccines in the field

Immunization of Mice with a Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Inhibits the Early Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis After Infection

Background: In pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, immune responses are delayed compared to other respiratory infections, so that antigen-specific cells are not detected in the lungs earlier than day 14. Even after parenteral immunization with Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) or a subunit vaccine, the immune response after Mtb challenge is only slightly accelerated and the kinetics of pulmonary Mtb growth do not differ between naïve and immunized animals up to day 14. Methods and Findings: Mice were immunized intranasally with a recombinant adenovirus expressing mycobacterial antigen 85A (Ad85A), challenged by aerosol with Mtb and the kinetics of Mtb growth in the lungs measured. Intranasal immunization with Ad85A inhibits Mtb growth in the early phase of infection, up to day 8. Protection is sustained for at least 7 months and correlates with the presence of antigen-specific activated effector CD8 T cells in the lungs. Antigen 85Aspecific T cells respond to antigen presenting cells from the lungs of mice immunized with Ad85A 23 weeks previously, demonstrating the persistence of antigen in the lungs. Conclusions/Significance: Intranasal immunization with Ad85A can inhibit early growth of Mtb because it establishes a lung antigen depot and maintains an activated lung-resident lymphocyte population. We propose that an optimal immunization strategy for tuberculosis should aim to induce both lung and systemic immunity, targeting the early and late phases of Mt

Intravascular ultrasonography allows accurate assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm: An in vitro validation study

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to acquire insight into the interpretation of intravascular ultrasound images of the abdominal aorta and to assess to what extent this technique can provide useful parameters for the endovascular treatment of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Study Design: This was a descriptive study. Methods: Fifteen abdominal aortic specimens (normal, atherosclerotic, or aneurysmal) were studied. Ultrasonic images and corresponding histologic sections were compared for vessel wall characteristics, lesion morphologic characteristics, and lumen diameter. The length of the aneurysm and the length of the proximal and distal neck were measured and compared with external measurements. Tomographic images were reconstructed to a three-dimensional format. Results: Normal aortic wall was seen as a two- or three-layered structure corresponding with intima, media, and adventitia. A distinction could be made among fibrous lesion, calcified lesion, and thrombus and between normal and aneurysmal aorta. Correlation between the histologic specimens and intravascular ultrasonography for lumen diameter measurements was high (r = 0.93; p < 0.001). In a similar fashion, correlation between external measurements and intravascular ultrasound measurements on the length of the aneurysm and its proximal and distal neck was high (r = 0.99; p < 0.001). Three-dimensional analysis enhanced interpretation of the tomographic images by visualizing the spatial position of anatomic structures and contributed to understanding the shape and dimensions of the aneurysm. Conclusions: Intravascular ultrasonography provides accurate information on the vessel wall, lesion morphologic characteristics, and quantitative parameters of the abdominal aorta. Spatial information supplied by three-dimensional analysis contributes to a more realistic interpretation of the tomographic images. (J Vasc Surg 1998;27:347-53.