Technology production of carbon nanofibers and methane-hydrogen mixture in the reactor of catalytic decomposition natural gas

This paper presents a technology of production methane-hydrogen mixture for use as motor fuel. We investigated different the various modes and selected the most effective catalysts for this process. Established optimal condition for carry out this process

Nociceptive Afferents to the Premotor Neurons That Send Axons Simultaneously to the Facial and Hypoglossal Motoneurons by Means of Axon Collaterals

It is well known that the brainstem premotor neurons of the facial nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus coordinate orofacial nociceptive reflex (ONR) responses. However, whether the brainstem PNs receive the nociceptive projection directly from the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus is still kept unclear. Our present study focuses on the distribution of premotor neurons in the ONR pathways of rats and the collateral projection of the premotor neurons which are involved in the brainstem local pathways of the orofacial nociceptive reflexes of rat. Retrograde tracer Fluoro-gold (FG) or FG/tetramethylrhodamine-dextran amine (TMR-DA) were injected into the VII or/and XII, and anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected into the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vc). The tracing studies indicated that FG-labeled neurons receiving BDA-labeled fibers from the Vc were mainly distributed bilaterally in the parvicellular reticular formation (PCRt), dorsal and ventral medullary reticular formation (MdD, MdV), supratrigeminal nucleus (Vsup) and parabrachial nucleus (PBN) with an ipsilateral dominance. Some FG/TMR-DA double-labeled premotor neurons, which were observed bilaterally in the PCRt, MdD, dorsal part of the MdV, peri-motor nucleus regions, contacted with BDA-labeled axonal terminals and expressed c-fos protein-like immunoreactivity which induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin into the lip. After retrograde tracer wheat germ agglutinated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was injected into VII or XII and BDA into Vc, electron microscopic study revealed that some BDA-labeled axonal terminals made mainly asymmetric synapses on the dendritic and somatic profiles of WGA-HRP-labeled premotor neurons. These data indicate that some premotor neurons could integrate the orofacial nociceptive input from the Vc and transfer these signals simultaneously to different brainstem motonuclei by axonal collaterals

Comparison of terahertz technologies for detection and identification of explosives

We present results on the comparison of different THz technologies for the detection and identification of a variety of explosives from our laboratory tests that were carried out in the framework of NATO SET-193 THz technology for stand-off detection of explosives: from laboratory spectroscopy to detection in the field under the same controlled conditions. Several laser-pumped pulsed broadband THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) systems as well as one electronic frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) device recorded THz spectra in transmission and/or reflection. © 2014 SPIE

Non-contact multilayer thickness measurements with reflection-mode terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Terahertz waves penetrate nonconductive coatings and are reflected at the boundary layers between different refraction indices. This creates new potential for quality control when added to established nondestructive testing techniques such as ultrasonic or x-ray

All-polarization-maintaining, polarization-multiplexed, dual-frequency, mode-locked fiber laser

Two orthogonal-polarized pulse trains are simultaneously emitted from a single, all-polarization-maintaining fiber laser using two saturable absorber mirrors. This design shows great potential to reduce the complexity of current time-resolved measurement systems without sacrificing performance

Fasergekoppeltes Terahertz-Spektroskopiesystem

The use of broadband laser pumped Terahertz (THz) systems for industrial applications strongly relies on the reliability and stability of the system. It has to be compact and easy to be implemented into the particular application. Fiber-coupled THz systems are the key to widespread use of these systems. In order to couple THz emitters and detectors to fibers with lengths of several meters the dispersion and the nonlinear properties of fibers have to be taken into account. This is discussed in this article. As a possible application of the fiber-coupled Terahertz system in the field of nondestructive testing the measurements of the thicknesses of thin films are shown. These measurements are performed in both transmission and reflection

High-speed terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of cyclotron resonance in pulsed magnetic field

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