Diurnal periodicity of activity in the spawning perch P. fluviatilis L. [Translation from: Kalamies 1972(7) 3, 1972]

Diurnal periodicity of spawning in the perch so far are rather meagre and found to be partly contrary to experiences of perch anglers. Therefore a study was made on the spawning during a 5-day period in the spring of 1971 in the Kuusamo area. Observations were made during the main spawning season, between 4- 9 June 1971. The perch were often measured, weighed and then released back into the water. The differences between spawning and non-spawning perch were studied as well as the time of roe discharge in a 24 hour period. Activity and environmental factors such as light intensity were also taken into consideration

Marknadsundersökning och konceptplan för F-Secure

Denna avhandling handlar om att för företaget F-Secure skapa ett försäljningskoncept som är riktat till studerande. I försäljningskonceptet ingår en försäljningskanal, en prismodell och en försäljningsmetod. Arcada studentorganisation ASK kommer att fungera som försäljningskanal för F-Secures studentprissatta produkter. För examensarbetet diskuterade man med ASK ordförande om möjligheten att ASK skulle fungera som en försäljningskanal för F-Secure och vad som skulle vara den lämpligaste metoden för försäljningen. Prissättningen bygger på en webbenkät, som undersökte hur mycket Arcada studerande är beredda att betala för F-Secures produkter. En prismodell för studenter skapades utifrån resultaten från studien. Som försäljningsmetod valdes ett system där studenterna identifierar sig själva med sina egna studentnummer på F-Secures hemsida. Avhandlingen är begränsat till att omfatta endast Arcada och ASK, men samma koncept kan även användas vid andra högskolor och deras studerandeorganisationer.This thesis is about creating a sales concept directed to students for the company F-Secure. Sale concept includes a sales channel, pricing model and a sales method. Arcada’s student organization ASK will act as the sales channel for F-Secure’s student priced products. For the thesis there was a discussion with the chairwoman of ASK to look for possibilities for ASK to operate as a sales channel for F-Secure also, to figure out which would be the most appropriate method of sale for them. The pricing model is based on an internet survey, which examined how much the Arcada students are willing to pay for F-Secure products. A price model for students was created based on the study results. The sales transaction takes place on F-Secure’s website, where the students identify them self with their own student number. The thesis is limited to include only Arcada and ASK, but the same sales concept can also be used at other colleges and their student organizations.Tämä opinnäytetyö käsittelee opiskelijoille suunnatun myyntikonseptin luomista F-Securelle. Myyntikonsepti pitää sisällään myyntikanavan, hinnoittelumallin ja myyntitavan. Arcadan opiskelijajärjestö ASK tulee toimimaan F-Securen tuotteiden myyntikanavana opiskelijoille. Työtä varten käytiin keskustelu ASK:n puheenjohtajan kanssa järjestön mahdollisuudesta toimia myyntikanavana ja heille sopivimmasta myyntitavasta. Hinnoittelumallia varten selvitettiin internetkyselyn avulla kuinka paljon Arcadan opiskelijat ovat valmiita maksamaan F-Securen tuotteista. Tutkimuksen perusteella luotiin opiskelijoille suunnattu hintamalli. Myyntitavaksi valittiin Internet sivuilla tapahtuva tunnistautuminen, jossa ASK:n jäsenet tunnistautuvat omilla opiskelijanumeroillaan F-Securen verkkosivustolla. Työ on rajattu käsittämään pelkästään Arcadaa ja ASK:ta, mutta samaa konseptia on mahdollista käyttää myös muissa oppilaitoksissa ja niiden opiskelijajärjestöiden kanssa

Ekotehokkuusnäkökulma päätöksenteossa. Case-tutkimus pilaantuneen maaperän kunnostamiskäytännöistä

Julkaisussa kerrotaan eri toimijoiden näkemyksistä pilaantuneen maaperän kunnostamiskäytäntöjen ekotehokkuudesta sekä mahdollisuuksista vaikuttaa ekotehokkuuteen erilaisilla ohjauskeinoilla. Ekotehokkuuden ei katsota toteutuvan kovinkaan hyvin nykytilanteessa. Merkittävänä esteenä ekotehokkuudelle nähdään pilaantuneisuutta kuvaavien raja-arvojen kaavamainen soveltaminen. Kohdekohtaiselle riskinarvioinnille on vähän tilaa. Myös kuntien velvollisuus kilpailuttaa kunnostushankkeet johtaa usein siihen, että ekotehokkaimman sijasta joudutaan valitsemaan halvin vaihtoehto. Lain ja/tai tulkintakäytäntöjen muutos nähtiin näiltä osin tärkeänä

Seasonal variation in the diurnal periodicity of activity of the perch, Perca fluviatilis L. [Translation from: Kalamies 1973(3) 3.]

The most common catch of the amateur angler is the perch and it is the diurnal periodicity of activity (& catchability) which is examined in this study based on earlier articles and manuscripts by the authors. Of all environmental factors, variation in light and temperature are the chief reasons in establishing the times of activity periods. Winter, summer and autumn activity was studied. The spawning perch was found to be more active than the non-spawning perch. The time of day in which the fish may be active is dependant on its ability to sense changes in the external environment. Its adaptation to light is the reason for day-activity in the winter, and also accounts for the fact that hardly any activity occurs between sunset and sunrise when this period exceeds 6 hours

Sparse Positional Strategies for Safety Games

We consider the problem of obtaining sparse positional strategies for safety games. Such games are a commonly used model in many formal methods, as they make the interaction of a system with its environment explicit. Often, a winning strategy for one of the players is used as a certificate or as an artefact for further processing in the application. Small such certificates, i.e., strategies that can be written down very compactly, are typically preferred. For safety games, we only need to consider positional strategies. These map game positions of a player onto a move that is to be taken by the player whenever the play enters that position. For representing positional strategies compactly, a common goal is to minimize the number of positions for which a winning player's move needs to be defined such that the game is still won by the same player, without visiting a position with an undefined next move. We call winning strategies in which the next move is defined for few of the player's positions sparse. Unfortunately, even roughly approximating the density of the sparsest strategy for a safety game has been shown to be NP-hard. Thus, to obtain sparse strategies in practice, one either has to apply some heuristics, or use some exhaustive search technique, like ILP (integer linear programming) solving. In this paper, we perform a comparative study of currently available methods to obtain sparse winning strategies for the safety player in safety games. We consider techniques from common knowledge, such as using ILP or SAT (satisfiability) solving, and a novel technique based on iterative linear programming. The results of this paper tell us if current techniques are already scalable enough for practical use.Comment: In Proceedings SYNT 2012, arXiv:1207.055

A novel class of somatic mutations in blood detected preferentially in CD8+cells

Somatic mutations have a central role in cancer but their role in other diseases such as autoimmune disorders is poorly understood. Earlier work has provided indirect evidence of rare somatic mutations in autoreactive T-lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients but such mutations have not been identified thus far. We analysed somatic mutations in blood in 16 patients with relapsing MS and 4 with other neurological autoimmune disease. To facilitate the detection of somatic mutations CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 + and CD4-/CD8-/CD19- cell subpopulations were separated. We performed next-generation DNA sequencing targeting 986 immune related genes. Somatic mutations were called by comparing the sequence data of each cell subpopulation to other subpopulations of the same patient and validated by amplicon sequencing. We found non-synonymous somatic mutations in 12 (60%) patients (10 MS, 1 myasthenia gravis, 1 narcolepsy). There were 27 mutations, all different and mostly novel (67%). They were discovered at subpopulation-wise allelic fractions of 0.2%-4.6% (median 0.95%). Multiple mutations were found in 8 patients. The mutations were enriched in CD8 + cells (85% of mutations). In follow-up after a median time of 2.3 years, 96% of the mutations were still detectable. These results unravel a novel class of persistent somatic mutations, many of which were in genes that may play a role in autoimmunity (ATM, BTK, CD46, CD180, CLIP2, HMMR, IKEF3, ITGB3, KIR3DL2, MAPK10, CD56/NCAM1, RBM6, RORA, RPM and STAT3). Whether some of this class of mutations plays a role in disease is currently unclear, but these results define an interesting hitherto unknown research target for future studies. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.Peer reviewe

The Effect of the Internet on the Magazine Publishing Industry

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of the Internet on the magazine publishing industry. By combining the views of industrial organization economics and the resource-based view, cross-level analysis is provided at industry and company levels. At the industry level, the Internet has not significantly changed the five forces that shape the nature and state of competition in the magazine publishing industry. At the company level, it is proposed that the Internet does not change the traditional core competencies of magazine publishers. However, dealing with the Internet also means dealing with change. As most media companies have cultures built on consistency, it is proposed that more dynamic capabilities are needed

”Fits great, feels good and looks fantastic” : Pikamuodin kulutuksen legitimointi mainonnassa

Viime vuosina pikamuoti on liitetty keskusteluissa osaksi ylikulutuksen ongelmaa. Massatuotantona tuotettua ja heikkolaatuista pikamuotia käytetään lähes kertakäyttöisesti, mikä aiheuttaa vuosittain globaalisti merkittäviä ympäristöongelmia ja valtavan määrän tekstiilijätettä. Mainonnan on kritisoitu olevan yksi nykyistä kulutuskulttuuria ylläpitävä keino ja erityisesti sosiaalisen median kautta tapahtuvan mainonnan nähdään ruokkivan muotituotteiden kulutusintoa. Tutkimuksen tarkoitus on selvittää, miten pikamuotibrändit legitimoivat eli oikeuttavat pikamuodin kulutusta Instagram-mainonnassa. Teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä luodaan ymmärrys, miten legitimointi rakentuu osaksi muodin mainontaa. Tutkimuksen empiirisenä aineistona on kahden pikamuotibrändin, Lindexin ja H&M:n Instagram-julkaisut vuoden 2020 ajalta. Empiirinen osuus toteutettiin monivaiheisena diskurssianalyysina, jonka kautta tunnistettiin pikamuodin mainonnan teemoja, kulutuksen oikeuttamisessa käytettäviä diskursiivisia legitimaatiostrategioita ja sitä, miten strategiat kietoutuvat osaksi pikamuodin kulutusta oikeuttavia diskursseja. Pikamuodin mainonnassa korostuu viisi teemaa: muodikkuus, käytännöllisyys, ympäristövastuu, sosiaalinen vastuu sekä tarjoukset. Mainoksissa käytetään pikamuodin kulutuksen oikeuttamiseen Vaaran ja muiden (2006) ja Van Leeuwenin (2007) nimeämiä arvovaltaistamisen, järkeistämisen, moraalillistamisen, sekä tarinallistamisen diskursiivisia legitimaatiostrategioita ja lisäksi tutkimuksessa tunnistetaan kolme uutta strategiaa: valtuuttaminen, preferoiminen ja edullistaminen. Diskursiivisten legitimaatiostrategioiden tunnistaminen auttoi löytämään pikamuodin kulutuksen oikeuttamisen diskursseja, koska diskurssien kielellä vaikuttamisen keinot ilmenivät erityisesti niistä tunnistettujen strategioiden kautta. Mainoksista tunnistettiin symbolisen arvon, hyödyllisen välttämättömyyden, vastuullisen kuluttamisen, individuaalisuuden, laadukkuuden sekä voimaannuttavan muodin diskurssit. Jokainen diskurssi merkityksellistää pikamuodin kulutusta omalla tavallaan ja jokaisessa diskurssissa tunnistetaan monipuolista legitimaatiostrategioiden käyttöä. Eniten pikamuodin kulutuksen legitimointiin käytettiin järkeistämisen ja moraalillistamisen strategioita ja nämä strategiat ilmenivät usein myös yhdessä. Legitimaatiostrategioiden ydin ilmenee mainonnassa juuri näiden yhdistelmien kautta, koska strategioiden yhdistelmillä tunnistettiin brändien voivan vedota kuluttajiin yhden mainoksen kautta samaan aikaan niin rationaalisesti, hedonistisesti sekä emotionaalisesti. Tutkimuksen tulokset tarjoavat yleisesti yhteiskunnallista näkökulmaa mainonnasta sekä siinä käytettävistä diskursiivisista legitimaatiostrategioista. Tulokset auttavat ymmärtämään mainonnan oikeuttamisen strategioita sellaisen tuoteryhmän kohdalla, johon kohdistuu ajoittain yhteiskunnallistakin kritiikkiä. Löydösten perusteella pikamuotibrändejä kehotetaan kiinnittämään huomiota mainonnan viherpesun näkökohtiin

Recording of offences on police domestic violence call outs

Due to new legislation passed in 2011, Finnish police have been legally obligated to record and investigate all assaults, including petty assaults, occurring in close relationships. Referred to as domestic violence (DV), these assaults can be prosecuted even without victim consent. Much like pro- and mandatory arrest policies, this reform was aimed at decreasing victim and police discretion, based on the assumption that recording and preliminary investigation of every DV incident would help prevent further violence. Comparison between police call outs and the number of offences indicate that in reality not every DV incident is recorded. Using Police and Emergency Call Database data merged with 410 police officer survey responses, the current study presents the first empirical results on legal and extra-legal factors associated with recording DV as an offence in Finland. Factors explaining non-recording are discussed based on police officers’ free-text comments, and implications for policy and practice are presented.Due to new legislation passed in 2011, Finnish police have been legally obligated to record and investigate all assaults, including petty assaults, occurring in close relationships. Referred to as domestic violence (DV), these assaults can be prosecuted even without victim consent. Much like pro- and mandatory arrest policies, this reform was aimed at decreasing victim and police discretion, based on the assumption that recording and preliminary investigation of every DV incident would help prevent further violence. Comparison between police call outs and the number of offences indicate that in reality not every DV incident is recorded. Using Police and Emergency Call Database data merged with 410 police officer survey responses, the current study presents the first empirical results on legal and extra-legal factors associated with recording DV as an offence in Finland. Factors explaining non-recording are discussed based on police officers’ free-text comments, and implications for policy and practice are presented.Peer reviewe

Experiences on Development and Design of STACK Problems for Circuit Analysis

STACK (System for Teaching and Assessment using a Computer Algebra Kernel) is an open-source assessment system for mathematics and related fields. At University of Vaasa, STACK has been used in courses of Mathematics and now it has been implemented in Electrical Engineering. This paper discusses experiences on development and design of various Circuit Analysis problems in STACK environment including student feedback. The starting point for developing problems here is that they do not include much calculation; instead the problems focus more on the representation of equations. The problems are designed to provide essential visual assistance to the students by drawing pictures, such as circuit diagrams by using JSXGraph library that is supported by STACK. With the help of JSXGraph, designer can draw various geometrical figures according to IEC 60617 standard. One important function in STACK is that it immediately gives automated feedback to the students depending on their answers. For this reason, a so-called potential response tree (PRT) is created for every problem. The PRT usually consists of several nodes, which compare whether specified conditions are fulfilled. The PRT can further be developed into a more complex one, which examines not only frequent but even rare errors made by students. These assets and learning tools seem to create a powerful basis for interactive learning process, where visual aids are used in solving Circuit Analysis problems in Moodle.© 2020 Athens Journal of Τechnology & Engineering is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed