Test-retest reliability of a new self reported comprehensive questionnaire measuring frequencies of different modes of adolescents commuting to school and their parents commuting to work - the ATN questionnaire

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Studies assessing active commuting to school usually use simple questionnaires, and often is mode of commuting reported with a single questionnaire item only. The purpose of the present study is to report the test-retest reliability of a newly developed comprehensive questionnaire on active commuting to school and work among 6^thgrade school children and their parents in Norway.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 106 pupils and 77 parents completed a questionnaire two times, 14 days apart. The questionnaire consisted of frequency items on how often the participants walk, cycle, go by car and go by public transportation to school (pupils) or work (parents). The questionnaire was divided into seasons and to/from school or work in order to cover seasonal and topographic variations. The average number of trips for each mode of commuting was calculated. Then the sample was categorised into mode of commuting: walkers, cyclists, car commuters or public transport commuters.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The average numbers of trips did not differ for any of the commuting modes comparing test to retest data for any of the seasons. Test-retest correlation coefficients were high for all modes of commuting (Spearman correlation coefficient were 0.85-0.92 for pupils and 0.82-0.95 for parents). Most participants categorised into mode of commuting were categorized into the same mode at both time points (97% and 95% for pupils and parents respectively).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This newly developed questionnaire appears to be a reliable tool for measuring active commuting to school and work.</p

COPYRIGHT LAW REFORM AND THE INFORMATION SOCIETY IN INDONESIA

In this study we establish the effects of major life course events on the odds to start a sport and on the odds to start a competitive sport. To answer our research question we employ retrospective life course data from the Dutch SportersMonitor2010 on 3.540 individuals. Event history analyses show that the chance to start a sport decreases at the moment people start living together or get married, and they have a first child. The chance to start a sport increases when they start working, start living on their own, their children leave the parental home and when they retire. Finally, being active in competitive sport foremost is stimulated by the transition to paid work and leaving the parental home

On admissibility criteria for weak solutions of the Euler equations

We consider solutions to the Cauchy problem for the incompressible Euler equations satisfying several additional requirements, like the global and local energy inequalities. Using some techniques introduced in an earlier paper we show that, for some bounded compactly supported initial data, none of these admissibility criteria singles out a unique weak solution. As a byproduct we show bounded initial data for which admissible solutions to the p-system of isentropic gas dynamics in Eulerian coordinates are not unique in more than one space dimension.Comment: 33 pages, 1 figure; v2: 35 pages, corrected typos, clarified proof

Extensive hyperpigmentation during pregnancy: a case report

Abstract Introduction Skin hyperpigmentation is common during pregnancy and often is due to endocrinological changes. Usual patterns include linea nigra, darkening of areola and melasma. We report a rare diffused hyperpigmentation condition in a pregnant woman of dark colored skin. Case presentation A 19-year-old Tanzanian primigravida at 32 weeks gestation presented at our antenatal clinic concerned about an insidious but progressive onset of unusual darkening of her abdominal skin and both breasts. Her antenatal record was unremarkable except for this unusual onset of abnormal skin color. Findings from her physical examination were unremarkable, and she had a normal blood pressure of 120/70 mmHg. Her abdomen was distended with a uterine fundus of 34 weeks. Almost her entire abdominal skin had darkly colored diffuse deep hyperpigmentation extending cephalad from both iliac fossae to involve both breasts to 2-3 cm beyond the areolae circumferentially. She had a fetus in longitudinal lie and cephalic presentation, with a normal fetal heart rate of 140 beats per minute. Other examination findings were unremarkable. The impression at this stage was exaggerated pigmentation of pregnancy. No medical treatment was offered but she was counseled that she might need medical treatment after delivery. She progressed well and had spontaneous labor and normal delivery at 38 weeks gestation. She was lost to follow up. Conclusion Unusual pregnancy-related skin hyperpigmentation can occur with no adverse consequences to pregnancy, although may worry a pregnant woman. Reassurance and conservative management may be all that is required to allay a patient's concerns.</p

Genetic Models Reveal cis and trans Immune-Regulatory Activities for lincRNA-Cox2

An inducible gene expression program is a hallmark of the host inflammatory response. Recently, long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been shown to regulate the magnitude, duration, and resolution of these responses. Among these is lincRNA-Cox2, a dynamically regulated gene that broadly controls immune gene expression. To evaluate the in vivo functions of this lincRNA, we characterized multiple models of lincRNA-Cox2-deficient mice. LincRNA-Cox2-deficient macrophages and murine tissues had altered expression of inflammatory genes. Transcriptomic studies from various tissues revealed that deletion of the lincRNA-Cox2 locus also strongly impaired the basal and inducible expression of the neighboring gene prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (Ptgs2), encoding cyclooxygenase-2, a key enzyme in the prostaglandin biosynthesis pathway. By utilizing different genetic manipulations in vitro and in vivo, we found that lincRNA-Cox2 functions through an enhancer RNA mechanism to regulate Ptgs2. More importantly, lincRNA-Cox2 also functions in trans, independently of Ptgs2, to regulate critical innate immune genes in vivo

Convenience and satisfaction in direct oral anticoagulant-treated patients with atrial fibrillation

Abstract Background Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the preferred anticoagulants for thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation. We aimed to identify determinants of quality of life related to DOAC treatment to optimize DOAC treatment convenience and satisfaction. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional study in DOAC users. DOAC treatment–related convenience and satisfaction were measured by Perception of Anticoagulant Treatment Questionnaire. Higher scores are more favorable (range, 0‐100). Patient‐reported outcome measures and drug‐ and organization‐related factors were collected. Multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between these factors (ie, exposure variables) and DOAC treatment–related convenience and treatment satisfaction (ie, outcome variables). Results Of 1598 patients invited, 1035 responded, and 962 were included. The median convenience score was 98.1 (94.2‐100.0), mean satisfaction score 66.5± 14.9. Twenty‐four percent felt not well informed at the start of DOAC; 6.9% did not know who to turn to with questions. Multiple regression analyses showed that lacking sense of security, the predefined composite of receiving insufficient information at start of DOAC and/or not knowing who to turn to with questions was associated with lower convenience (regression coefficient, −1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.16 to −0.41). Bleeding, gastrointestinal complaints, and lower medication adherence were also associated with lower convenience. Missing sense of security (regression coefficient −6.59; 95% CI, −8.94 to −4.24) and bleeding without consultation were associated with lower treatment satisfaction. Conclusions Accessible interventions to improve DOAC care could be providing more instruction at treatment initiation and ensuring that patients know who to contact in case of problems