The First Globalization: Portugal, the Age of Exploration, and Engaging the “Other” in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries

In Africa, Asia, and the Americas, Portugal was the first European power to initiate encounters between Muslims and Christians, Europeans and Africans, and Asians and Americans, on a truly global scale. In some instances, the Portuguese explicitly imposed their culture onto the natives, and in others, they formed casados—intermarriage and residence with locals. Relationships with the “other”—non-Portuguese agents encountered on the Voyages of Discovery—were tied to the economic realties of expansion. Between 1415-1580, the Portuguese acted as pirates, diplomats, middle-men, righteous saviors, and friends, because race relations were experimental. The further that the Portuguese ventured from metropolitan Portugal, the more they were required to adapt to local trade customs and rely on the “other.” Ultimately, globalization was fundamentally achieved by a process of collaborating with and becoming part of the “other.

Transitional Care for Patients with Congenital Colorectal Diseases: An EUPSA Network Office, ERNICA, and eUROGEN Joint Venture

Background: Transition of care (TOC; from childhood into adulthood) of patients with anorectal malformations (ARM) and Hirschsprung disease (HD) ensures continuation of care for these patients. The aim of this international study was to assess the current status of TOC and adult care (AC) programs for patients with ARM and HD. Methods: A survey was developed by members of EUPSA, ERN eUROGEN, and ERNICA, including patient representatives (ePAGs), comprising of four domains: general information, general questions about transition to adulthood, and disease-specific questions regarding TOC and AC programs. Recruitment of centres was done by the ERNs and EUPSA, using mailing lists and social media accounts. Only descriptive statistics were reported. Results: In total, 82 centres from 21 different countries entered the survey. Approximately half of them were ERN network members. Seventy-two centres (87.8%) had a self-reported area of expertise for both ARM and HD. Specific TOC programs were installed in 44% of the centres and AC programs in 31% of these centres. When comparing centres, wide variation was observed in the content of the programs. Conclusion: Despite the awareness of the importance of TOC and AC programs, these programs were installed in less than 50% of the participating centres. Various transition and AC programs were applied, with considerable heterogeneity in implementation, content and responsible caregivers involved. Sharing best practice examples and taking into account local and National Health Care Programs might lead to a better continuation of care in the future. Level of Evidence: III

Plaines de Valencia et du Vaucluse: l’espace de deux huertas

Graphic modelling helps to rationalise the comparison between the Mediterranean areas of irrigated agriculture of Valencia (Spain) and the Comtat (Provence). A theoretic reference is formalised and then compared with local realities in order to appreciate recurring and specific elements. In spite of differences due to geographic and urban locations and to the role of huertas, the principles of spatial organisation follow the same rules.La modélisation graphique aide à rationaliser la comparaison des espaces méditerranéens d’agriculture irriguée de Valencia (Espagne) et du Comtat (Provence). Un référent théorique est formalisé puis confronté aux réalités locales, dans le but d’apprécier récurrences et spécificités. Malgré les différences issues de la situation géographique et urbaine et du rôle des huertas, les principes d’organisation spatiale obéissent aux mêmes règles.La modelación gráfica ayuda a racionalizar la comparación de los espacios de agricultura de irrigación mediterránea de Valencia (España) y de Comtat (Provence). Una referencia teorica se formaliza después de haber confrontado las realidades locales, con el fin de apreciar recurrencias y especificidades. A pesar de las diferencias que surgen por la situación geográfica y urbana y del rol de las huertas, los principios de organización espacial obedecen a las mismas reglas.Ellerkamp Phillipe. Plaines de Valencia et du Vaucluse: l’espace de deux huertas. In: Mappemonde, 1997/2. pp. 20-23

Techniques of Primary Vaginoplasty in Young Adults with Differences of Sex Development and Female Identification

Background: The ideal timing of genital surgery in differences/disorders of sex development (DSD) is controversial and differs according to the underlying type of DSD. Increasing numbers of persisting sinus as a result of delayed feminizing genitoplasty in DSD patients require interdisciplinary collaboration of pediatric surgeons/urologists and gynecologists. This study focusses on surgical techniques other than bowel vaginoplasties and results of gender assigning surgery in young adolescents. Methods: Data of adolescent and adult patients treated between 2015 and 2022 were analyzed retrospectively: underlying type of malformation, techniques of vaginoplasty, vaginal length and caliber, possibility of sexual intercourse, and temporary vaginal dilatation. Results: A total of 9 patients received a primary vaginoplasty at a median age of 16.75 years (range 10.3–29.25). The underlying anatomical conditions were persistent urogenital sinus (UGS) in 8 patients (3 patients with CAH, 2 patients with XY-DSD, 1 patient with cloacal malformation and missed UGS, 2 patients with UGS only). One patient had a MURCS association. Surgical techniques were total urogenital mobilization and perineal flap vaginoplasty in 4 patients, modified McIndoe vaginoplasty in 4 patients, and a laparoscopic vaginal pull-through in 1 patient. In a median follow-up of 45 months (2–84), all but 1 patient presented with physiological vaginal length and width. Conclusions: If possible, modern treatment concepts delay gender assigning surgery until the participation of the patient in the decision-making process is possible. Optimal treatment concepts are given by transfer of surgical techniques from pediatric urology/surgery by multidisciplinary teams. Techniques other than bowel vaginoplasties are favorable

Purifying the Sacred: How Hindu Nationalism Reshapes Environmentalism in Contemporary India

The transposition of the cultural, religious, and sacred onto physical geographies is practiced by humans everywhere as landscapes are canvases for meaning making and place holders of histories. In the Indian context, this practice is distinct for several reasons. Scholars of Hinduism recognize that the place-oriented disposition and centrality of land to Hindu religion and culture is unprecedented, and integral to the tradition as well as identity formation in modern India. As India faces increasing environmental degradation, the preservation of “sacred geographies” is crucial to the identity of Hindu traditions. The rise of Hindu Nationalist (Hindutva) political parties (e.g., the BJP) has heavily influenced the mapping of landscape as distinctly Hindu. By analyzing contemporary environmental movements in India and delineating Hindu Nationalist histories and contemporary politics, this project claims environmental work politicizes the landscape in exclusionary and possessive way that shapes environmentalism to prioritize geographical features tied to imagined Hindu pasts and futures

Avant-propos

Madame la Vice-Présidente du Conseil départemental de Vaucluse, Monsieur le Président du Grand Avignon, chères étudiantes, chers étudiants, mesdames et messieurs, chers collègues, très cher Alexis Grüss, je me réjouis de vous accueillir aujourd’hui dans cette belle université que j’ai l’honneur et la lourde charge de présider, afin d’y honorer votre art et sa transmission et de lancer le PACE, le Pôle d’Action Culturelle Équestre. C’est un projet qui résume à lui seul les difficultés rencontr..

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Multimodal Music Therapy for Children With Anxiety Disorders

BACKGROUND: Music therapy has been shown to be effective for children with psychopathology, providing an alternative nonverbal approach to the treatment of children with anxiety disorders. OBJECTIVE: This pilot study investigates the efficacy of Multimodal Music Therapy (MMT), a combination of music therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, compared to treatment as usual (TAU). METHODS: Thirty-six children aged 8-12 years with a primary diagnosis of an anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to 15 sessions of MMT or to TAU. Diagnostic status and dimensional outcome variables were assessed at the end of treatment and 4 months later. RESULTS: MMT was superior compared to TAU according to the remission rates after treatment (MMT 67%; TAU 33%; chi2 = 4.0; p = 0.046) and remissions persisted until four months post-treatment. Dimensional measures showed equivalent improvement after either MMT or TAU. CONCLUSIONS: The results regarding the efficacy of MMT are promising for children with anxiety disorders. Further evaluation with larger samples and comparisons to pure CBT are recommended