Influence of lysozyme utilization with lactic acid bacteria in yoghurt on some foodborne pathogens

Despite the existence of many different food preservation methods, foodborne pathogens are still the most common related problems to dairy products. Developing naturally alternative techniques to control such problems is necessary. This research was planned to assess the bacteriological quality of yoghurt samples commercially available in Kafr El-Sheikh city, Egypt. Also to study the impact of natural antibacterial agents on the inhibition of selected foodborne pathogens artificially inoculated in yoghurt samples. The obtained results revealed poor bacteriological quality of the examined yoghurt samples, as total staphylococci and coliforms were detected in 80% and 90% yoghurt samples, with mean values of 2.4 ×103±0.13× 103cfu/gm and 3.6×105± 2.4×105 MPN/gm, respectively. S. aureus was noticed in 4% of examined samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the pres­ence of virulence adhesion gene (clfA) in one isolate. E. coli was detected in 14% of yoghurt samples, then serologically identified as O146:H5 (2), O111:H2 (2), O125:H11 (1), O26:H10 (1) and O158:H7 (1). Artificially inoculated yoghurt with S. aureus (7.39 log cfu/gm) and E. coli (8.3 log cfu/gm), were used to investigate the ability of hen egg-white lysozyme either with LAB classic or with ABT-5 (L. acidophilus LA5+ S. thermophiles + Bifidobacterium Bb12) starter cultures to inhibit the growth of these pathogens. During refrigerated storage, all yoghurt batches showed a reduction in pH value. It was observed that both pathogens couldn't be detected in the yoghurt batch containing LAB classic starter + heated lysozyme. Furthermore, S. aureus was completely inhibited in that containing ABT-5 cultures alone, while E. coli decreased by 6.23 log. Conversely, there was not complete inhibition in other batches containing (LAB classic starter, LAB classic starter+ native lysozyme, ABT-5 culture+ native lysozyme and ABT-5 culture+ heated lysozyme) as the reduction rate during all storage periods for S. aureus count was 1.66, 2.63, 4.47  and 4.19 log, While for E. coli count was  3.3, 3.81, 5.53 and 4.89 log,  respectively. This study highlighted the importance of adding natural antibacterial agents like lysozyme with LAB culture to yoghurt as a bio-control strategy to overcome foodborne pathogens that cause a public health hazard

Influence of Low-Level Laser Modification and Adhesive Application Mode on the Bonding Efficiency of Universal Adhesives to Er:YAG Laser-Ablated Dentin

Introduction: Erbium laser ablation as a method of tooth preparation and conditioning has shown promising results. Although previous studies have adopted various combinations of different laser parameters and several dentin adhesive systems, very few have investigated combining high-level and low-level Er: YAG lasers with Universal adhesives. This study aimed to assess the impact of using low-energy irradiation on the surface micro-topography and shear bond strength (SBS) of universal adhesive (UA) to the erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er: YAG) laser-ablated dentin substrate, bonded in etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesive mode.Methods: Eighty-seven extracted molars were sectioned to expose flat occlusal dentin surface; 60 teeth were divided equally into three groups according to the surface treatment; bur-cutting (B), Er: YAG high-energy laser cutting, or L1 followed by low-energy laser modification. Then each group was equally divided into two groups (n=10) according to the mode of application of the universal adhesive; either etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etching (SE). The samples were subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C), and SBS was tested. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used to analyze the results. The remaining 27 samples were used to investigate the effect of the treatment on the topography of the treated dentin surfaces using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results: B/SE recorded the highest SBS (25.48 ± 2.6 MPa) followed by B/ER and L1/L2/SE (22.94 ± 4.1 MPa) and with no statistically significant difference between these groups (P >0.05). The lowest SBS results (P<0.05) were recorded for L1/SE (12.22 ± 3 MPa). No statistical differences were found between the SBS of L1/L2/ER and L1/ER groups or between the SBS of L1/L2/ER and L1/L2/SE groups.Conclusion: A subsequent treatment of the Er: YAG laser-ablated dentin with low-energy laser modification mode (LMM) enhances the SBS of the tested UA when applied in SE mode. DOI:10.34172/jlms.2021.0

Dvanaestomjesečna klinička procjena: debeloslojni kompozit ojačan vlaknima u usporedbi sa slojevito apliciranim nanohibridnim kompozitom za restauraciju dubokih aproksimalnih lezija na trajnim kutnjacima – randomizirano kontrolirano istraživanje

Objective: The present clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the clinical performance of the biomimetic, bilayered structure utilizing a fiber reinforced bulk fill resin composite with a nanohybrid capping layer, compared to incremental packing of nanohybrid resin composite, in deep proximal cavities in permanent molars. Materials and methods: A total of 36 deep proximal cavities in vital molars were restored either with a bilayered structure of fiber reinforced composite resin as a dentine substitute and a capping layer of nanohybrid composite resin (n=18) or conventional, nanohybrid composite resin incrementation (n=18). The restorations were assessed over a period of 12 months using the modified USPHS criteria. The criteria evaluated were: fracture and retention, marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, anatomic form, proximal contact, surface texture, radiographic evaluation, postoperative sensitivity and secondary caries. Results: There was no statistically or clinically significant difference between fiber-reinforced resin composite and conventional incremental resin composite. There was no risk for failure regarding all the evaluated modified USPHS criteria for both materials after 12 months (RR= 1(95% CI 0.0209 to 47.8503; P =1.0000)). Conclusion: The biomimetic approach utilizing a fiber reinforced resin composite dentine substitute showed a comparable clinical performance to nanohybrid resin composite incrementation. Bulk fill fiber reinforced resin composite is an efficient alternative in restoration of deep proximal cavities in posterior teeth. Further long term studies are necessary to confirm these results.Svrha rada: Ovo kliničko istraživanje provedeno je da bi se procijenila klinička učinkovitost biomimetičke, dvoslojne strukture debeloslojnoga kompozita ojačanoga vlaknima s nanohibridnim pokrovnim slojem u usporedbi sa slojevito apliciranom nanohibridnim kompozitom u dubokim aproksimalnim kavitetima trajnih kutnjaka. Materijal i metode: Ukupno 36 dubokih aproksimalnih kaviteta na vitalnim kutnjacima restaurirano je ili dvoslojnom strukturom debeloslojnoga kompozita ojačanoga vlaknima kao zamjenom za dentin i pokrovnim slojem nanohibridnoga kompozita (n = 18), ili konvencionalnim nanohibridnim kompozitnim materijalom (n = 18) ). Korištenjem modificiranih kriterija USPHS-a, restauracije su se procjenjivale tijekom 12 mjeseci. Kriteriji koji su se procjenjivali bili su fraktura i retencija, rubni integritet, rubna diskoloracija, anatomski oblik, aproksimalni kontakt, tekstura površine, radiološka procjena, postoperativna osjetljivost i sekundarni karijes.Rezultati: Nije bilo statistički i klinički značajne razlike između debeloslojnoga kompozita ojačanoga vlaknima i konvencionalnoga kompozita za slojevitu tehniku. Nije bilo rizika od neuspjeha kod svih procijenjenih modificiranih kriterija USPHS-a za oba materijala nakon 12 mjeseci (RR = 1 (95 % CI 0,0209 do 47,8503; P =1,0000). Zaključak: Biomimetički pristup u kojemu se primjenjuje tehnika nadomještanja dentina debeloslojnim kompozitom ojačanim vlaknima pokazao je kliničku učinkovitost usporedivu sa slojevitom aplikacijom nanohibridne kompozitne smole. Debeloslojni kompoziti ojačani vlaknima učinkovita su alternativa u restauraciji dubokih aproksimalnih kaviteta stražnjih zuba, no za potvrdu tih rezultata potrebna su daljnja dugoročna istraživanja

Lead in Egyptian soils: Origin, reactivity and bioavailability measured by stable isotope dilution

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. The current availability of Pb in Egyptian soils and associated plants were studied in 15 locations (n = 159) that had been historically subjected to industrial and automobile Pb emissions. Isotopic dilution with enriched 204Pb was used to estimate the soil Pb labile pool (PbE); results showed that %PbE values were mostly < 25% which is likely due to the alkaline nature of the soils. Nonetheless, lability of Pb was significantly higher in urban and industrial locations indicating greater reactivity of anthropogenic Pb in comparison to geogenic-Pb. A plot of 206Pb/207Pb vs 208Pb/207Pb showed that all soils were aligned close to a virtual binary line between two apparent end member signatures (petrol and geogenic-Pb) suggesting that they are the major sources of Pb in the Egyptian environment. Soils with greater Pb concentrations (urban and industrial locations) displayed a significantly greater ratio of labile petrol-Pb to labile geogenic-Pb in comparison to less-contaminated soils. However, this difference was marginal (± 5%) suggesting that historically emitted petrol-Pb has substantially mixed with geogenic-Pb into a common pool as a result of prolonged contact with soil. The proportion of petrol-Pb in fruits and leaf vegetables was significantly (P < 0.005) greater than that of the associated soils suggesting preferential uptake of the more labile petrol-Pb as opposed to the relatively immobile geogenic-Pb. However, it is also possible that the major source of Pb intake by Egyptian consumers is extraneous Pb dust enriched with petrol Pb rather than systematic Pb via roots uptake

Satellite mapping: Regional geology, geomorphology, structure, drainage and hydrology of Bahr El Jebel area, Jonglei Canal project area, southern Sudan

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after sorafenib treatment failure (RELIVE): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial

Background: Cytotoxic chemotherapy is generally ineffective in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We assessed the intravenous perfusion of doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in whom previous sorafenib therapy had failed. Methods: We did a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial at 70 sites in 11 countries. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with one or more previous systemic therapies, including sorafenib, were randomly assigned to receive 30 mg/m2 doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles (30 mg/m2 group), 20 mg/m2 doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles (20 mg/m2 group), or standard care using a computer-generated randomisation list prepared by the funder and stratified by geographic region. Patients in the experimental groups received perfusion of the drug every 4 weeks and those in the control group received any systemic anticancer therapy (except sorafenib) as per investigator decision. The primary endpoint was overall survival in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in the population of patients who received at least one dose of their assigned treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01655693. Findings: Between June 15, 2012, and Jan 27, 2017, 541 patients were screened, of whom 144 were excluded and 397 were randomly assigned to one of the groups (133 to the 30 mg/m2 group; 130 to the 20 mg/m2 group; and 134 to the control group). Median follow-up was 22\ub77 months (IQR 11\ub72\u201334\ub79). After pooling the doxorubicin groups for the efficacy analysis, median overall survival was 9\ub71 months (95% CI 8\ub71\u201310\ub74) in the pooled doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles group and 9\ub70 months (7\ub71\u201311\ub78) in the control group (HR 1\ub700 [95% CI 0\ub778\u20131\ub728], two-sided p=0\ub799). 227 (94%) of 242 patients who received doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles and 100 (75%) of 134 patients in the control group had at least one treatment-emergent adverse event. The most common drug-related grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent adverse events were neutropenia (25 [10%] of 242 treated with doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles and eight [6%] of 134 in the control group), asthenia (six [2%] and four [3%]), and thrombocytopenia (three [1%] and ten [7%]). Six (2%) patients treated with doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles and one (1%) of those in the control group were deemed by investigators to have had a drug-related death. Serious adverse events occurred in 74 (31%) patients who received doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles and 48 (36%) in the control group. Interpretation: Doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles did not improve overall survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in whom previous sorafenib treatment had failed. Funding: Onxeo