IoT-Based Data Size Minimization Using Cluster-Based-Similarity- Elimination

This paper proposes a new redundancy reduction approach for continuous data flow from IoT devices based on minimizing the size of IoT data using a novel cluster-based-similarity-elimination algorithm. The continuously flowing data from IoT devices are characterized by the existence of redundant records. This redundancy not only leads to the overfitting of models but also requires a large processing power because of the large number of records. Feature selection is a technique used to partially reduce the data and thus redundancy, however, this is not sufficient. Removing redundant data is considered of utmost importance because as smart city scenarios are implemented, flow data generation requires more advanced analytics to deal with the evolution and regrowth of the IoT environment. Thus, this study aims to minimize processing time while maintaining the best accuracy by minimizing data similarity, therefore addressing the overfitting problem, and saving time. The proposed approach minimizes the data size, considering the number of tuples. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated using various classification algorithms and evaluation metrics. The results show a significant improvement compared with traditional approaches, resulting in a reduction in the real-time classification execution time to only 9% of the original time. This approach can be used to optimize data size and achieve accurate results with a fast execution time while also addressing overfitting issues

Fabrication of an Inorganic Nano-Zirconium Tungstovanadate Ion Exchange to Be Utilized for Heavy Metal Decontamination

An innovative heteropolyacid salt of ion exchanger, nano-zirconium tungstovanadate has been synthesized under varying conditions using sol–gel technique. The different synthesized ion exchange materials were compared based on both their ion exchange capacity (IEC) and their efficiency in separating lead ions from aqueous streams by conducting batch experiments with a batch factor of 50ml/g. Nano- zirconium tungstovanadate prepared from the reaction of 0.2 M zirconiumoxychloride, 0.2M ammonium metavanadate and 0.1 M sodium tungstate in presence of 0.01 M HCl at room temperature was record the highest IEC value that equal to 1.5 mequiv/g. Structural characterization of this most proper ion exchanger was performed with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The X-ray spectrum of the prepared material suggested that of Zr (IV) tungstovanadate is crystalline in nature with average crystallite size between19 and 37 nm. The SEM result confirmed that the ion exchanger was produced in nano-scale with average particle diameter equal to 28 nm. Good thermal and chemical stabilities have also been observed for the prepared nano-zirconium tungstovanadate. On the basis of these results, the prepared nano-zirconium tungstovanadate is a promising cation exchanger for lead ion decontamination from the polluted water in view of the factthat lead ion removal rate was recorded up to 99.24 % within 3hours.Keywords: nano- zirconium tungstovanadate; sol-gel technique; equilibrium isotherm; Lead ion separation

Utilization of Synthesized Nano-Zinc Oxide in Yellow Basic Dye Decontamination from Industrial Wastewater

ZnO nanorod has been successfully synthesized through the reduction of Zinc chloride salt with ammonia solution in the presence of triethanolamine (TEA) as surfactant agent via hydrothermal technique. The properties of the produced material were determined using different characterization techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR). The results showed that the asprepared ZnO are rod- like morphologies at pH equal to 10. The synthesized nano rod-zinc oxide was employed asadsorbent agent for basic yellow 28 dye decolorization from polluted industrial wastewater. The synthesized nano-ZnO was achieved 93.26% dye decolorization affinity with in 60minutes. The variation in the different processing parameters on the dye sorption process was elucidated using batch technique. The increment in both the dye solution pH and its  temperature was association with decline in the decolourization process. The optimum nano-zinc oxide dosage was recorded to be equal to 10 g/L. The adsorption data at equilibrium were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equilibrium isotherms. The experimental results confirmed the applicability of synthesized nano-zinc oxide as adsorbent agent for dye decontamination from polluted wastewater.Keywords: nano-zinc oxide, dye decolourization, sorption parameters

Application of Universal Distribution Factors for Real-Time Complex Power Flow Calculation

Complex power flow distribution factors, which relate line complex power flows to the bus injected complex powers, have been widely used in various power system planning and analysis studies. In particular, AC distribution factors have been used extensively in the recent power and energy pricing studies in free electricity market field. As was demonstrated in the existing literature, many of the electricity market related costing studies rely on the use of the distribution factors. These known distribution factors, whether the injection shift factors (ISF's) or power transfer distribution factors (PTDF's), are linear approximations of the first order sensitivities of the active power flows with respect to various variables. This paper presents a novel model for evaluating the universal distribution factors (UDF's), which are appropriate for an extensive range of power systems analysis and free electricity market studies. These distribution factors are used for the calculations of lines complex power flows and its independent of bus power injections, they are compact matrix-form expressions with total flexibility in determining the position on the line at which line flows are measured. The proposed approach was tested on IEEE 9-Bus system. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach is very accurate compared with exact method

Formulation of Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanopowder into Hybrid Beads for Dye Separation

The sol-gel prepared zinc oxide nanopowder was immobilized onto alginate-polyvinyl alcohol polymer blend to fabricate novel biocomposite beads. Various physicochemical characterization techniques have been utilized to identify the crystalline, morphological, and chemical structures of both the fabricated zinc oxide hybrid beads and their corresponding zinc oxide nanopowder. The thermal stability investigations demonstrate that ZnO nanopowder stability dramatically decreased with its immobilization into the polymeric alginate and PVA matrix. The formulated beads had very strong mechanical strength and they are difficult to be broken up to 1500 rpm. Moreover, these hybrid beads are chemically stable at the acidic media (pH < 7) especially within the pH range of 2–7. Finally, the applicability of the formulated ZnO hybrid beads for C.I. basic blue 41 (BB41) decolorization from aqueous solution was examined

Spectrophotometric and Spectrofluorimetric Studies on Azilsartan Medoxomil and Chlorthalidone to Be Utilized in Their Determination in Pharmaceuticals

The recently approved angiotensin II receptor blocker, azilsartan medoxomil (AZL), was determined spectrophotometrically and spectrofluorimetrically in its combination with chlorthalidone (CLT) in their combined dosage form. The UV-spectrophotometric technique depends on simultaneous measurement of the first derivative spectra for AZL and CLT at 286 and 257 nm, respectively, in methanol. The spectrofluorimetric technique depends on measurement of the fourth derivative of the synchronous spectra intensities of AZL in presence of CLT at 298 nm in methanol. The effects of different solvents on spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric responses were studied. For, the spectrofluorimetric study, the effect of pH and micelle-assisted fluorescence enhancement were also studied. Linearity, accuracy, and precision were found to be satisfactory over the concentration ranges of 8–50 μg mL-1 and 2–20 μg mL-1 for AZL and CLT, respectively, in the spectrophotometric method as well as 0.01–0.08 μg mL-1 for AZL in the spectrofluorimetric method. The methods were successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in their co-formulated tablets. The developed methods are inexpensive and simple for the quality control and routine analysis of the cited drugs in bulk and in pharmaceuticals

Fabrication of an Inorganic Nano-Zirconium Tungstovanadate Ion Exchange to be Utilized for Heavy Metal Decontamination

An innovative heteropoly acid salt of ion exchanger, nano-zirconium tungstovanadate has been synthesized under varying conditions using sol–gel technique. The different synthesized ion exchange materials were compared based on both their ion exchange capacity (IEC) and their efficiency in separating lead ions from aqueous streams by conducting batch experiments with a batch factor of 50ml/g. Nano- zirconium tungstovanadate prepared from the reaction of 0.2 M zirconium oxychloride, 0.2M ammonium metavanadate and 0.1 M sodium tungstate in presence of 0.01 M HCl at room temperature was record the highest IEC value that equal to 1.5 mequiv/g. Structural characterization of this most proper ion exchanger was performed with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The X-ray spectrum of the prepared material suggested that of Zr (IV) tungstovanadate is crystalline in nature with average crystallite size between 19 and 37 nm. The SEM result confirmed that the ion exchanger was produced in nanoscale with average particle diameter equal to 28 nm. Good thermal and chemical stabilities have also been observed for the prepared nano-zirconium tungstovanadate. On the basis of these results, the prepared nano-zirconium tungstovanadate is a promising cation exchanger for lead ion decontamination from the polluted water in view of the fact that lead ion removal rate was recorded up to 99.24 % within 3hours

Patients with perianal Crohn's fistulas experience delays in accessing anti-TNF therapy due to slow recognition, diagnosis and integration of specialist services: lessons learned from three referral centres.

AIM: Crohn's anal fistula should be managed by a multidisciplinary team. There is no clearly defined 'patient pathway' from presentation to treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the patient route from presentation with symptomatic Crohn's anal fistula to starting anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy. METHOD: Case note review was undertaken at three hospitals with established inflammatory bowel disease services. Patients with Crohn's anal fistula presenting between 2010 and 2015 were identified through clinical coding and local databases. Baseline demographics were captured. Patient records were interrogated to identify route of access, and clinical contacts during the patient pathway. RESULTS: Seventy-nine patients were included in the study, of whom 54 (68%) had an established diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD). Median time from presentation to anti-TNF therapy was 204 days (174 vs 365 days for existing and new diagnosis of CD, respectively; P = 0.019). The mean number of surgical outpatient attendances, operations and MRI scans per patient was 1.03, 1.71 and 1.03, respectively. Patients attended a mean of 1.49 medical clinics. Seton insertion was the most common procedure, accounting for 48.6% of all operations. Where care episodes ('clinical events per 30 days') were infrequent this correlated with prolongation of the pathway (r = -0.87; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study highlights two key challenges in the treatment pathway: (i) delays in diagnosis of underlying CD in patients with anal fistula and (ii) the pathway to anti-TNF therapy is long, suggesting issues with service design and delivery. These should be addressed to improve patient experience and outcome

Utilization of Synthesized Nano-Zinc Oxide in Yellow Basic Dye Decontamination from Industrial Wastewater

ZnO nanorod has been successfully synthesized through the reduction of Zinc chloride salt with ammonia solution in the presence of triethanolamine (TEA) as surfactant agent via hydrothermal technique. The properties of the produced material were determined using different characterization techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR). The results showed that the as prepared ZnO are rod- like morphologies at pH equal to 10. The synthesized nano rod-zinc oxide was employed as adsorbent agent for basic yellow 28 dye decolorization from polluted industrial wastewater. The synthesized nano-ZnO was achieved 93.26% dye decolorization affinity with in 60minutes. The variation in the different processing parameters on the dye sorption process was elucidated using batch technique. The increment in both the dye solution pH and its temperature was association with decline in the decolorization process. The optimum nano-zinc oxide dosage was recorded to be equal to 10 g/L. The adsorption data at equilibrium were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equilibrium isotherms. The experimental results confirmed the applicability of synthesized nano-zinc oxide as adsorbent agent for dye decontamination from polluted wastewater