Women and Contracts: No New Deal

A Review of The Sexual Contract by Carole Patema

Racial Integration as a Compelling Interest

Part of the "Symposium from Brown to Bakke to Grutter: Constitutionalizing and defining racial equality

Soberanía del consumidor vs. soberanía de los ciudadanos: algunos errores en la economía clásica del bienestar

Not availableEn este trabajo se plantea que la soberanía del consumidor descansa sobre un conjunto de confusiones conceptuales, de presupuestos empíricamente falsos y de afirmaciones normativamente dudosas. La sección 1 muestra cómo estas confusiones conceptuales enmascaran una ambigüedad fundamental en el principio de la soberanía del consumidor, entre la promoción del bienestar y la autonomía. Sostengo que los mejores argumentos a favor de la soberanía del consumidor favorecen la interpretación de la autonomía. La sección 2 muestra cómo la concepción individualista de la autonomía favorecida por los economistas no puede dar cuenta de los problemas de acción colectiva generados por la conformidad externa a las normas sociales. La sección 3 muestra cómo el intento de un economista por desarrollar una concepción de la autonomía adecuada a esta tarea nos lleva más allá del marco individualista de la economía neoclásica a una concepción colectiva de la autonomía. La sección 4 demuestra que el concepto de autonomía colectiva es coherente y que el proyecto institucional de los Estados democráticos puede ser considerado como un intento para lograrlo. La sección 5 plantea que cuando los individuos expresan preferencias autónomas diferentes en y para diferentes escenarios, el principio de la soberanía del consumidor es inherentemente ineficiente. La sección 6 sostiene que el principio dc soberanía del consumidor está en conflicto con la autonomía de los ciudadanos y, por lo tanto, no puede servir como una base coherente para guiar la política del Estado

Why Commercial Surrogate Motherhood Unethically Commodifies Women and Children: Reply to McLachlan and Swales

McLachlan and Swales dispute my arguments against commercial surrogatemotherhood. In reply, I argue that commercial surrogate contractsobjectionably commodify children because they regardparental rights over children not as trusts, to be allocated in the bestinterests of the child, but as like property rights, to be allocatedat the will o the parents. They also express disrespect for mothers, bycompromising their inalienable right to act in the best interest of theirchildren, when this interest calls for mothers to assert a custody rightin their children.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44474/1/10728_2004_Article_260071.pd

Bridging the Gap Between Researchers and Wider Audiences: Navigating A Community Literacy Collaboration in Real-Time

While campus-community partnerships are common, such engaged scholarship efforts often lead university researchers to community-centered presentations and publications; however, this type of scholarship and especially the venues in which it is often disseminated are of questionable value within the academy’s tenure and promotion process. Three literacy scholars who were invited to study the impact of community-wide Imagination Library implementation share challenges they encountered related to collaboration, communication, and dissemination of findings during the first two years of a five-year early literacy community partnership. Selected outcomes and implications for other community-engaged scholars include (a) investing in true multi-directional consistent collaboration and communication and (b) leveraging user-friendly technology tools and platforms to archive and share project work. The authors call for continued efforts to communicate beyond the academy with the audiences targeted for ultimate impact and continued advocacy for valuing non-traditional publications within the academy

A Comparative Expected Value Analysis Study to Determine the Cost Benefit or Cost Effectiveness of Early Discharge, Medical Transport, Home Health as Well as Home Care Devices, Services and Technologies in The United States

Abstract It was found that Amazon products (Alexa™, Echo™, Halo™), EMRs, fire extinguishers, genome sequencing test, on-line pharmacies, remote patient monitoring, provided economic value, while emergency medical service membership programs, fire alarm subscription services, helicopter emergency medical services, home fire insurance policies, home fire sprinklers, and home security systems were not found to have provided economic value. Tele-health (virtual office visits) would provide economic value if most tele-health visits replaced existing in-person visits and the low cost virtual didn’t drive demand for unnecessary visits. Robotic surgery technologies provide economic value if fully utilized (high patient demand to reduce overhead costs per procedure) in a facility with little excess capacity as long as it did not compete with non-robotic surgical offerings at the present facility. AEDs provide economic value if appropriately placed in high demand locales based on future probability of use

Initial Metabolic Profiles Are Associated with 7-Day Survival among Infants Born at 22-25 Weeks of Gestation.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between early metabolic profiles combined with infant characteristics and survival past 7 days of age in infants born at 22-25 weeks of gestation. STUDY DESIGN:This nested case-control consisted of 465 singleton live births in California from 2005 to 2011 at 22-25 weeks of gestation. All infants had newborn metabolic screening data available. Data included linked birth certificate and mother and infant hospital discharge records. Mortality was derived from linked death certificates and death discharge information. Each death within 7 days was matched to 4 surviving controls by gestational age and birth weight z score category, leaving 93 cases and 372 controls. The association between explanatory variables and 7-day survival was modeled via stepwise logistic regression. Infant characteristics, 42 metabolites, and 12 metabolite ratios were considered for model inclusion. Model performance was assessed via area under the curve. RESULTS:The final model included 1 characteristic and 11 metabolites. The model demonstrated a strong association between metabolic patterns and infant survival (area under the curve [AUC] 0.885, 95% CI 0.851-0.920). Furthermore, a model with just the selected metabolites performed better (AUC 0.879, 95% CI 0.841-0.916) than a model with multiple clinical characteristics (AUC 0.685, 95% CI 0.627-0.742). CONCLUSIONS:Use of metabolomics significantly strengthens the association with 7-day survival in infants born extremely premature. Physicians may be able to use metabolic profiles at birth to refine mortality risks and inform postnatal counseling for infants born at <26 weeks of gestation

Performance on Middle School Geometry Problems with Geometry Clues Matched to Three Different Cognitive Styles

This study investigated the relationship between 3 ability-based cognitive styles (verbal deductive, spatial imagery, and object imagery) and performance on geometry problems that provided different types of clues. The purpose was to determine whether students with a specific cognitive style outperformed other students, when the geometry problems provided clues compatible with their cognitive style. Students were identified as having a particular cognitive style when they scored equal to or above the median on the measure assessing this ability. A geometry test was developed in which each problem could be solved on the basis of verbal reasoning clues (matching verbal deductive cognitive style), mental rotation clues (matching spatial imagery cognitive style), or shape memory clues (matching object imagery cognitive style). Straightforward cognitive style–clue-compatibility relationships were not supported. Instead, for the geometry problems with either mental rotation or shape memory clues, students with a combination of both verbal and spatial cognitive styles tended to do the best. For the problems with verbal reasoning clues, students with either a verbal or a spatial cognitive style did well, with each cognitive style contributing separately to success. Thus, both spatial imagery and verbal deductive cognitive styles were important for solving geometry problems, whereas object imagery was not. For girls, a spatial imagery cognitive style was advantageous for geometry problem solving, regardless of type of clues provided.Psycholog