The Role of Physical Activity Enjoyment in the Pathways from Social and Physical Environments to Physical Activity of Early Adolescent Girls

In 2013, only 27.1 % of adolescents (age 10-19) met the daily physical activity (PA) recommendations of 60 minutes of PA a day. 1 Inactivity is highly prevalent among youth and especially prevalent among adolescents. This inactivity can have harmful and costly, immediate and long-term repercussions on physical, mental, and social health.28 Health behaviors throughout childhood, including PA, are predictive of health behaviors throughout adulthood.9 Girls experience the steepest decline in PA in early adolescence compared to boys and any other age group, which positions them on a lifelong trajectory of inactivity and increased risk for disease.2,4 Among early adolescent girls, those of a minority race/ethnicity, low socioeconomic status, and who are overweight experience even greater declines in PA and are the least active of their age group.1012 Enjoyment for PA (i.e., positive feelings toward PA) is a critical determinant of PA among girls during adolescence and sustained PA throughout adulthood.1315 However, studies have not yet examined the role of PA enjoyment in models of the effects of social (e.g., friend and familial social support) and physical (e.g., neighborhood characteristics) environments on the PA of early adolescent girls (Aim 1), and how these pathways may differ by race, socioeconomic status, and body fat percentage (Aim 2). This study tests these aims through secondary data analysis of the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls, a diverse, national dataset of 1,721 early adolescent girls.16,17 Accompanied by other studies on PA enjoyment and PA, the findings of this study can inform strategies and programs for increasing PA enjoyment and PA among adolescent girls. Fostering social support from friends may be a priority strategy for PA promotion among girls who are Non-Hispanic White. Building a supportive neighborhood environment and training teachers on how to facilitate a supportive school environment may be key factors for promoting PA enjoyment among sub-groups of girls at the highest risk for inactivity (e.g., Hispanic, non-Hispanic black, low SES, or above average body fat percentage). Longitudinal research that examines the full causal model of pathways to PA enjoyment and PA by sub-groups of early adolescent girls is needed

Who Are We?

A project such as this one can’t be done without the help of a large number of people collecting, contributing, and curating. Here you can get to know some of us and what we’ve been working on for the archive!https://digitalcommons.carleton.edu/covid19archive_exhibits/1005/thumbnail.jp

Polymorphism in small organic compounds

The effect of temperature on the crystal structure of deuterated piperidine has been studied using neutron powder diffraction. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates that there are multiple phases accessible via changes in temperature however there is no evidence of this in the neutron powder diffraction study with only one phase observed in the range 2 – 250 K and under various crystallisation conditions. The effect of pressure up to 2.79 GPa has also been determined. The compression of the structure is facilitated through the closing up of voids in the structure and no phase transition is observed. Differential scanning calorimetry has shown N-methyl and N,N-dimethylformamide both exhibit a thermal event prior to melting. Low temperature neutron powder diffraction has shown these transitions are associated with the onset of methyl group rotation. Neutron powder diffraction studies show formamide exhibits remarkable polymorphism at ambient temperature and pressures between 0.1 GPa and 3.6 GPa, forming four new polymorphs. All the structures consist of N-H…O hydrogen bonded chains. The formation of the various polymorphs can be rationalised in terms of the orientation of the molecules within the hydrogen bonded chains and the resultant structures formed by further hydrogen bonds between the chains. This is in stark contrast to the effect of varying conditions of temperature where only one structure exists from 2 K right up to the melting point. The effect of temperature on the crystal structure of pyrazine in the range 8 – 315 K is described. At temperatures below 90 K the structure undergoes a phase transition to a previously uncharacterised phase, designated phase IV, which is closely related to the previously known phase I. The crystal structure of phase III has been determined at 315 K. The crystal structure of pyrazine has been determined at room temperature at pressures between 0.11 GPa and 9.36 GPa. At 0.94 GPa a transition from phase I to phase IV is observed. This is the same phase as observed at low temperatures. Crystal growth at 215 K results in the formation of two different phases of mesitylene; phase II and a new previously unknown phase designated phase IV. The structure of phase IV has been determined and found to be stable in the range 90 – 221 K. On cooling a crystal of deuterated mesitylene in phase II to 90 K a transition to phase III was observed and the resultant crystal structure is closely related to that of phase II

Historical Pandemics at Carleton: H1N1

An examination of the response of Carleton College to the H1N1 pandemic of 2009.https://digitalcommons.carleton.edu/covid19archive_exhibits/1000/thumbnail.jp

Examining the association between relationship status and number of chronic health conditions among U.S. Latinx adults

Project files include 1 page pdf.Title: Association between marital status and number of chronic health conditions among U.S. Latinx adults Authors: Yessenia C. Villalobos, Elizabeth L. Budd Background: Being married versus single is associated with better health outcomes among non-Latinx White adults, especially for men. Although rates of chronic diseases are high among Latinx adults, the association between marital status and chronic diseases among U.S. Latinx adults is unknown. Objectives: To examine the association of marital status and number of chronic health conditions among U.S. Latinx adults and how this association varies by gender. Methods: 798 U.S. Latinx adults (Mage = 39.64±15.05y; 59% female; 46% married or in a civil union; 35.6% single) answered a Qualtrics Panels survey. Marital status, current chronic health conditions, and gender were assessed using the Demographic and Health Data Questionnaire. One-way ANOVA stratified by gender was conducted. Results: Marital status was associated with the number of chronic health conditions (p<.001); respondents who were not married, but in a relationship had significantly fewer chronic health conditions than those married or in a civil union. Additionally, those widowed had significantly more chronic health conditions than those single and those not married, but in a relationship. Among women, those not married, but in a relationship had fewer chronic conditions than those married or in a civil union (p<.05). Among men, those single and those not married, but in a relationship had fewer chronic health conditions than those married or in a civil union (p<.001). Conclusions: Across genders among Latinx adults, not being married was associated with fewer chronic health conditions, inconsistent with literature on non-Latinx White adults. Health promotion efforts could target married Latinx adults

Socioeconomic inequalities in outcome of pregnancy and neonatal mortality associated with congenital anomalies: population based study

Objectives To investigate socioeconomic inequalities in outcome of pregnancy and neonatal mortality associated with congenital anomalies

Reactive oxygen species induce virus-independent MAVS-oligomerization in systemic lupus erythematosus

The increased expression of genes induced by type I interferon (IFN) is characteristic of viral infections and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We showed that mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein, which normally forms a complex with retinoic acid gene I (RIG-I)–like helicases during viral infection, was activated by oxidative stress independently of RIG-I helicases. We found that chemically generated oxidative stress stimulated the formation of MAVS oligomers, which led to mitochondrial hyperpolarization and decreased adenosine triphosphate production and spare respiratory capacity, responses that were not observed in similarly treated cells lacking MAVS. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of SLE patients also showed spontaneous MAVS oligomerization that correlated with the increased secretion of type I IFN and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ prevented MAVS oligomerization and type I IFN production. ROS-dependent MAVS oligomerization and type I IFN production were reduced in cells expressing the MAVS-C79F variant, which occurs in 30% of sub-Saharan Africans and is linked with reduced type I IFN secretion and milder disease in SLE patients. Patients expressing the MAVS-C79F variant also had reduced amounts of oligomerized MAVS in their plasma compared to healthy controls. Together, our findings suggest that oxidative stress–induced MAVS oligomerization in SLE patients may contribute to the type I IFN signature that is characteristic of this syndrome

The Role of Supplemental Oxygen and JAK/STAT Signaling in Intravitreous Neovascularization in a ROP Rat Model

To investigate whether oxygen stresses experienced in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) would trigger signaling through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways to lead to intravitreous neovascularization (IVNV) in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) rat model

Healthcare provider-delivered healthy eating recommendations among U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults

8 pagesU.S. Hispanic/Latino adults are at heightened risk for developing diet-related chronic diseases. Healthcare provider recommendations have shown to be effective for promoting health behavior change, but little is known about healthcare provider healthy eating recommendations among Hispanics/Latinos. To investigate the prevalence of and adherence to healthcare provider-delivered healthy eating recommendations among a U.S. sample of Hispanic/Latino adults, participants (N = 798; M = 39.6±15.1 years; 52% Mexican/Mexican American) were recruited via Qualtrics Panels to complete an online survey in January 2018. Most (61%) participants reported having ever received a healthcare provider-delivered dietary recommendation. Higher body mass index (AME = 0.015 [0.009, 0.021]) and having a chronic health condition (AME = 0.484 [0.398, 0.571]) were positively associated with receiving a dietary recommendation while age (AME = 0.004 [ 0.007, 0.001]) and English proficiency (AME = 0.086 [ 0.154, 0.018]) were negatively associated. Participants reported adhering regularly (49.7%) and sometimes (44.4%) to recommendations. There were no significant associations with patient characteristics and adherence to a healthcare provider-delivered dietary recommendation. Findings inform next steps toward increasing implementation of brief dietary counseling from healthcare providers to support prevention and management of chronic diseases among this under-studied population