Biodegradação de azocorantes por bacterias isoladas de efluentes industrais

Orientador: Lucia Regina DurrantDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosMestradoCiência de AlimentosMestre em Ciência de Alimento

Degradation of lignosulfonic and tannic acids by ligninolytic soil fungi cultivated under icroaerobic conditions

Soil fungi were evaluated regarding their ability to degrade lignin-related compounds by producing the ligninolytic enzymes. Lignosulfonic and tannic acids were used as sole carbon sources during 30 days under microaerobic and very-low-oxygen conditions. The fungi produced lignin-peroxidase, manganese-peroxidase and laccase . Expressive degradations was observed by C18 reversed-phase HPLC, indicating the biodegradation potential of these fungi, showing more advantages than obligate anaerobes to decontaminate the environment when present naturally.Fungos isolados de solo foram avaliados quanto à habilidade em degradarem compostos derivados de lignina pela produção de enzimas ligninolíticas. Os ácidos lignosulfônicos e tânico foram usados separadamente como única fonte de carobono para cultivo dos fungos em 30 dias sob condições microaeróbias. Os fungos foram capazes de crescer e usar tais compostos como fonte de carbono e mostraram produção de lignina-peroxidase, manganês-peroxidase e lacase. Degradações expressivas dos ácidos lignosulfônico e tânico foram verificadas por Cromatografia Liquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE), indicando grande potencial de uso em processos de biorremediação de macromoléculas aromáticas similares à lignina em ambientes naturais sob condições baixas de oxigenação.693699Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

BIODEGRADAÇÃO DE CARBOXIMETILCELULOSE UTILIZANDO FUNGO PLEUROTUS: PRODUÇÃO DE OLIGOSSACARÍDEOS E AÇÚCARES FERMENTESCÍVEIS PARA A INDÚSTRIA DE ETANOL

In this present study, white-rot fungi Pleurotus sp BCCB068 were evaluated as regards the degradation of the cellulose matrix with production of enzymes using submerged fermentation.The crude extract obtained from the fungi growths was used as enzyme source for carboxymethylcellulose hydrolysis, reached 54.8% of degradation during 0-60 minutes of reaction period, with formation of oligosaccharides, as well as several sugar monomers (cellobiose, mannose, maltose, fructose and glucose). These results indicate great potential of these fungal strains to degrade cellulosic materials and produce sugar monomers to be used in ethanol industries.No presente estudo, o fungo Pleurotus sp BCCB068 foi utilizado para a degradação de matriz de celulose para produção de enzimas usando fermentação submersa. O hidrolisado obtido foi aplicado como fonte enzimática para a hidrolise de carboximetilcelulose, onde foi degradado 54,8%, durante o período de 0 a 60 minutos de hidrolise, formando oligossacarídeos, como também vários monômeros de açúcar (celobiose, manose, maltose, frutose e glicose). Estes resultados indicaram  um grande potencial deste fungo para degradar materiais celulósicos e na obtenção de monômeros de açúcar para utilização nas industrias de etanol

Cyp-dependent induction of glutathione S-transferase in daphnia similis exposed to a disperse azo dye

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Disperse Red 1 (DR1) is an azo dye that can reach the aquatic environment through the discharge of textile industrial wastewaters. It has been tested in Daphnia similis and shown to be highly toxic. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a class of enzymes involved in phase I of detoxification, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) are a class of phase II enzymes. No information about phase I or II dye metabolism in microcrustacea were found in the literature. In this study we identified CYP and GST enzymes involved in the metabolism of DR1 in juveniles of D. similis. Using spectrophotometric analysis we showed that 50 % of the dye was absorbed by the organisms, which could be confirmed by the reddish color of animals exposed to DR1, however adsorption cannot be ruled out. GST activity increased from 280 to 615 nmol(-1) min(-1) mg when D. similis were exposed for 48 h to 0.2 mg L-1 DR1 and from 274 to 815 nmol(-1) min(-1) mg when exposed to 5 mg L-1. Data clearly demonstrate that exposure to DR1 can stimulate a strong induction of GST activity, whose participation in DR1 metabolism needs to be confirmed. The induction of GST activity seems to be dependent on CYP activity, since treatment with SKF535A, a CYP inhibitor, blocked the DR1-dependent GST induction. We speculate that GST is involved in DR1 metabolism in Daphnia and that CYP activity is necessary to induce GST-activity, which is an indirect evidence of its role in the biotransformation of DR1.Disperse Red 1 (DR1) is an azo dye that can reach the aquatic environment through the discharge of textile industrial wastewaters. It has been tested in Daphnia similis and shown to be highly toxic. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a class of enzymes involved in241232237FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2008/10449-7, 2012/01253-7, 2010/13003-0]2008/10449-7 ; 2012/01253-7 ; 2010/13003-0The authors thank São Paulo Research Foundation FAPESP (2008/10449-7, 2012/01253-7 and 2010/13003-0) for financial support. The authors also thank Dr. Errol Zeiger for suggestions and English editing of this manuscript

Decolorization And Biodegradation Of Reactive Sulfonated Azo Dyes By A Newly Isolated Brevibacterium Sp. Strain Vn-15.

Azo dyes constitute the largest and most versatile class of synthetic dyes used in the textile, pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries and represent major components in wastewater from these industrial dying processes. Biological decolorization of azo dyes occurs efficiently under low oxygen to anaerobic conditions. However, this process results in the formation of toxic and carcinogenic amines that are resistant to further detoxification under low oxygen conditions. Moreover, the ability to detoxify these amines under aerobic conditions is not a wide spread metabolic activity. In this study we describe the use of Brevibacterium sp. strain VN-15, isolated from an activated sludge process of a textile company, for the sequential decolorization and detoxification of the azo dyes Reactive Yellow 107 (RY107), Reactive Black 5 (RB5), Reactive Red 198 (RR198) and Direct Blue 71 (DB71). Tyrosinase activity was observed during the biotreatment process suggesting the role of this enzyme in the decolorization and degradation process, but no-activity was observed for laccase and peroxidase. Toxicity, measured using Daphnia magna, was completely eliminated.13

Degradation of lignosulfonic and tannic acids by ligninolytic soil fungi cultivated under icroaerobic conditions

Soil fungi were evaluated regarding their ability to degrade lignin-related compounds by producing the ligninolytic enzymes. Lignosulfonic and tannic acids were used as sole carbon sources during 30 days under microaerobic and very-low-oxygen conditions. The fungi produced lignin-peroxidase, manganese-peroxidase and laccase . Expressive degradations was observed by C18 reversed-phase HPLC, indicating the biodegradation potential of these fungi, showing more advantages than obligate anaerobes to decontaminate the environment when present naturally

Potential of a bacterial consortium to degrade azo dye Disperse Red 1 in a pilot scale anaerobic-aerobic reactor

The textile industry is the largest consumer of azo dyes and activated sludge treatment systems typically used to remove them are frequently inefficient, resulting in significant quantities of these compounds adsorbed in the sludge or released into water bodies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodegradation of the commercial azo dye Disperse Red 1 in a pilot scale anaerobic-aerobic reactor inoculated by a microbial consortium selected for its capacity to degrade azo dyes. Dye decolorization (80%) occurred in 60 h in the anaerobic reactor and 92% COD (chemical oxygen demand) was removed as measured in the treated effluent. LC-ESI-MS/MS of the treated effluent showed the formation of a reduced azo bond and azo bond cleavage and subsequent degradation products. Aromatic amines produced by the cleavage of the azo bond were not detected. Toxicity tests performed with Daphnia similis and Hydra attenuate in the treated effluent showed that the toxicity was reduced significantly. Mutagenicity, evaluated using the Salmonella/microsome Ames test, found the untreated dye medium was only mutagenic toward Salmonella strain YG1041. However after treatment, only marginal mutagenicity was observed. These results indicate the bacterial consortium was effective in biodegrading Disperse Red 1 and also reducing the toxicity and mutagenicity and may represent a promising application for dyes biodegradation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP