Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA melalui Penggunaan Media Gambar pada Siswa Kelas II di Sdn Belahantengah Mojokerto

Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan oleh peneliti pada tanggal 12 November 2013 pada pembelajaran tematik, belum terlihat pembelajaran tematik yang sebenarnya. Pembelajaran masih menekankan pada sejumlah fakta dan konsep. Guru juga masih sering menggunakan metode ceramah, Masih banyak siswa yang bercengkrama dengan teman sebangkunya, ada yang memukul-mukul meja bahkan ada yang mengantuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru, aktivitas siswa, dan hasil belajar siswa kelas II SDN Belahantengah Kabupaten Mojokerto melalui penggunaan media gambar pada pembelajaran IPA kelas II tema diri sendiri. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari 2 siklus. Setiap siklus dilaksanakan melalui 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas II SDN Belahantengah Mojokerto. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui observasi, dan tes. Data hasil observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa dianalisis dalam bentuk persentase. Data tes hasil belajar siswa dianalisis berdasarkan persentase ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal kemudian dijabarkan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan persentase aktivitas guru dan siswa pada siklus I dan siklus II. Aktivitas guru mengalami peningkatan sebesar 70,8% yaitu dari rata-rata 2,83 pada siklus I menjadi 86,5% pada siklus II. Sedangkan aktivitas siswa mengalami peningkatan sebesar 68,8%, yaitu dari rata-rata 33 pada siklus I menjadi 83,3% pada siklus II. Hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa kelas II SDN Belahantengah Mojokerto mengalami peningkatan. Ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan sebesar 67,5% pada siklus I dan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 84,7% pada siklus II pada mata pelajaran IPA dan pada mata pelajaran SBK mengalami peningkatan sebesar 67,8% pada siklus I menjadi 87,8% pada siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media gambar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas II SDN Belahantengah Mojokerto

Hubungan antara Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kemampuan Perawatan Diri (Self Care) pada Pasien Pasca Stroke di RSUD Pirngadi Kota Medan

Stroke is a condition of brain experiencing neurodegenerative disorders such as local or global, occuring in sudden emergence, progressive, and fast. Impaired nerve function in stroke caused by circulatory disorders of the brain non-traumatic. Post-stroke patients need support and help the family in the treatment himself. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support with self-care skills  in patients with post-stroke. The study design is analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The study populations were 40 people and samples of this study were all post-stroke patients who were undergoing rehabilitation of physiotherapy with drawn by saturated sampling technique. The results showed that 47.5% of respondents got enough family support, and 55% of respondents have the ability of self-care with some aid. Based on the test results from Spearman Rank correlation, family support with self-care skills  has a correlation coefficient of 0.38 and Sig. (2-tailed) 0.01, meaning there is a relationship between family support and self-care skills on post-stroke patients in the Royal Prima Hospital Medan. In conclusion, this study shows that family support and self-care skills strongly influence at the level of the patient\u27s recovery. It is hoped that families to be more attentive to the needs and provide optimal support either support of awards/emotional, facilities and support information

Kajian Potensi Arus Laut Sebagai Energi Alternatif Pembangkit Listrik Di Perairan Sekitar Jembatan Suramadu Selat Madura

Arus laut merupakan parameter yang penting dalam memperoleh besaran potensi energi arus laut yang berdasarkan nilai kecepatan arus laut dari setiap debit alirannya. Perairan Selat Madura, Propinsi Jawa Timur merupakan perairan yang memisahkan Pulau Jawa dan Pulau Madura yang diduga terdapat potensi energi arus laut yang cukup besar. Arus laut menjadi lebih kuat disebabkan karena adanya perbedaan tekanan yang terjadi pada ujung bagian selat. Selain itu selat merupakan wilayah perairan mengalami penyempitan yang terbentuk alamiah dan menghubungkan dua perairan yang lebih besar. Pengolahan data primer menggunakan software currentrose, perhitungan potensi arus laut menggunakan persamaan Fraenkel. Penyajian peta pada penelitian menggunakan software ArcGIS 9.3. Prediksi pola dan kecepatan arus laut didekati dengan pendekatan model yaitu dengan ADCIRC yang merupakan salah satu modul pada SMS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan arus berkisar antara 0,1 – 1 m/detik. Potensi arus laut dari pergerakan arus terkuat sebesar 0,5125 kW/ sedangkan potensi arus laut dari pergerakan arus terlemah sebesar 0,0005125 kW/ maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan energi yang diketahui dapat dijadikan acuan dalam pembangunan perencanaan kedepannya untuk memperoleh energi arus laut yang maksimal sebagai sumber energi alternatif

Aktivitas Antiobesitas Ekstrak Daun Katuk (Sauropus Androgynus L.Merr) pada Model Mencit Obesitas

Obesitas merupakan suatu kondisi terjadinya akumulasi lemak yang berlebih dalam tubuh. Obesitas merupakan faktor resiko hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, gangguan jantung dan penyakit pembuluh darah lainnya. Upaya menurunkan obesitas dapat menurunkan resiko penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antiobesitas ekstrak daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus L.Merr) pada model mencit swiss Webster obesitas. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit dikelompokkan secara acak menjadi 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok normal (menerima pembawa obat), induksi (menerima pembawa obat), pembanding (menerima orlistat 15,6 mg/Kg ), dan 3 kelompok menerima ekstrak daun katuk dosis 100, 200, 400 mg/kg. Semua kelompok (kecuali kelompok normal) diinduksi obesitas dengan fruktosa dan makanan tinggi lemak selama 21 hari. Parameter yang diukur adalah bobot badan, indeks makanan, indeks feses, indeks organ, dan indeks lemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara penurunan bobot badan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak daun katuk terhadap kelompok induksi (p<0.05). Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun katuk mempunyai aktivitas antiobesitas dan ekstrak terbaik dalam menurunkan bobot badan adalah ekstrak daun katuk 400 mg/Kg . Obesity is a condition an over-accumulating of lipids in the body. The weight over than 20 % from normal weight is called obese. The main cause of obesity is the unbalance intakes and outputs of lipids in the body. Obesity is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and other vascular diseases.The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of katuk leaves extracts (Sauropus androgynus L.Merr) as antiobesity on Swiss Webster mice models of obesity. A total of 30 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups and 5 mice contains each group, normal, induction, the comparator (orlistat 15.6 mg / Kg), katuk leaves extract 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg. Parameters measured were body weight, food index, feces index, organ index and fat index. Results showed that there were significant differences in weight loss parameters between treatment groups were given the katuk leaves extract compare to the control group (p<0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the katuk leaves extract has antiobesity activity and the best extract as antiobesity was katuk leaves extract dose of 400 mg / Kg

Pola Arus Di Perairan Paciran Jawa Timur Pada Musim Peralihan Awal

Wilayah Perairan Paciran, Jawa Timur merupakan perairan dengan aktivitaswisata bahari, pelabuhan, permukiman dan lain-lain.Kondisi tersebut dapat menimbulkan dampak-dampak negatif seperti erosi, tanah yang timbul akibat sedimentasi dan lain-lain.Pengetahuan akanpemahaman gambaran mengenai kondisi hidro-oseanografi sangat penting sebagai langkah untuk pengelolaan dan perlindungan wilayah pesisir dan laut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pola arus laut yang ada di Perairan Paciran Jawa Timur pada musim peralihan awal (Maret sampai April).Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer berupa data arus dan data pasang surut, sedangkan data sekunder berupa peta batimetri. Simulasi model diolah menggunakan software ArcGIS 9.3 dan SMS 8.1 , didukung dengan pengolahan data menggunakan CD-Oceanography dan Mike 21. Hasil simulasi model menunjukkan bahwa pola arus di Perairan Paciran Jawa Timur merupakan arus non pasut, di tunjukkan oleh hasil pengolahan dalam bentuk stick diagram, scatter dan current rose yang menunjukkan pergerakan arus cenderung tidak teratur. Pada saat surut menuju pasang kecepatan maksimum berkisar 0,2851 meter/sec sampai 0,5623 meter/sec bergerak ke arah tenggara, dan kecepatan minimum berkisar 0,0197 meter/sec sampai 0,2733 meter/sec bergerak ke arah tenggara. Sedangkan pada saat pasang menuju surut kecepatan maksimum berkisar 0,0530 meter/sec sampai 0,565 meter/sec bergerak ke arah barat laut dan kecepatan minimum 0,0067 meter/sec sampai 0,0525 meter/sec bergerak ke arah barat laut

Studi Profil Pantai Di Pulau Parang Kepulauan Karimunjawa Jepara

Studi profil pantai di Pulau Parang Kepulauan Karimunjawa Jepara Jawa Tengah telah dilakukan pada tanggal 18 September – 02 Oktober 2012. Parameter yang diukur adalah data kemiringan pantai dan ukuran butir sedimen. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengukuran kemiringan pantai adalah metode Blong, sedangkan metode penentuan titik sampling menggunakan metode sampling purposif. Berdasarkan hasil analisa diperoleh nilai ukuran butir sedimen yang dominan pada daerah penelitian yaitu pasir dengan D50 antara 0.187 - 0.450 dan kemiringan pantai antara 7.3179 - 19.6527 sesuai dengan klasifikasi kelandaian pantai kemiringan pantai di Pulau Parang adalah pantai yang landai dan sebagian merupakan pantai yang agak curam. Hal ini terjadi karena pantai di Pulau Parang merupakan pantai pasir yang terbentuk dari pecahan karang sehingga kemiringannya akan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pantai berpasir lainnya

Observing the distribution of mosquito bites on humans to inform personal protection measures against malaria and dengue vectors

Background Understanding mosquito biting behaviours is important for designing and evaluating protection methods against nuisance biting and mosquito-borne diseases (e.g. dengue, malaria and zika). We investigated the preferred biting sites by Aedes aegypti and Anopheles arabiensis on adult volunteers in standing or sleeping positions; and estimated the theoretical protection limits affordable from protective clothing or repellent-treated footwear. Methods Adult volunteers dressed in shorts and t-shirts were exposed to infection-free laboratory-reared mosquitoes inside screened chambers from 6am to noon (for day-biting Ae. aegypti) or 6pm to midnight (night-biting An. arabiensis). Attempted bites on different body parts were recorded. Comparative observations were made on same volunteers while wearing sandals treated with transfluthrin, a vapour-phase pyrethroid that kills and repels mosquitoes. Results An. arabiensis bites were mainly on the lower limbs of standing volunteers (95.9% of bites below the knees) but evenly-distributed over all exposed body surfaces when the volunteers were on sleeping positions (only 28.8% bites below knees). Ae. aegypti bites were slightly concentrated on lower limbs of standing volunteers (47.7% below knees), but evenly-distributed on sleeping volunteers (23.3% below knees). Wearing protective clothing that leave only hands and head uncovered (e.g. socks + trousers + long-sleeved shirts) could theoretically prevent 78–83% of bites during sleeping, and at least 90% of bites during non-sleeping hours. If the feet are also exposed, protection declines to as low as 36.3% against Anopheles. The experiments showed that transfluthrin-treated sandals reduced An. arabiensis by 54–86% and Ae. aegypti by 32–39%, but did not change overall distributions of bites. Conclusion Biting by An. arabiensis and Ae. aegypti occur mainly on the lower limbs, though this proclivity is less pronounced in the Aedes species. However, when hosts are on sleeping positions, biting by both species is more evenly-distributed over the exposed body surfaces. High personal protection might be achieved by simply wearing long-sleeved clothing, though protection against Anopheles particularly requires covering of feet and lower legs. The transfluthrin-treated footwear can reduce biting risk, especially by An. arabiensis. These findings could inform the design and use of personal protection tools (both insecticidal and non-insecticidal) against mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases

Regenerating zebrafish scales express a subset of evolutionary conserved genes involved in human skeletal disease

BACKGROUND: Scales are mineralised exoskeletal structures that are part of the dermal skeleton. Scales have been mostly lost during evolution of terrestrial vertebrates whilst bony fish have retained a mineralised dermal skeleton in the form of fin rays and scales. Each scale is a mineralised collagen plate that is decorated with both matrix-building and resorbing cells. When removed, an ontogenetic scale is quickly replaced following differentiation of the scale pocket-lining cells that regenerate a scale. Processes promoting de novo matrix formation and mineralisation initiated during scale regeneration are poorly understood. Therefore, we performed transcriptomic analysis to determine gene networks and their pathways involved in dermal scale regeneration. RESULTS: We defined the transcriptomic profiles of ontogenetic and regenerating scales of zebrafish and identified 604 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These were enriched for extracellular matrix, ossification, and cell adhesion pathways, but not in enamel or dentin formation processes indicating that scales are reminiscent to bone. Hypergeometric tests involving monogenetic skeletal disorders showed that DEGs were strongly enriched for human orthologues that are mutated in low bone mass and abnormal bone mineralisation diseases (P< 2× 10(−3)). The DEGs were also enriched for human orthologues associated with polygenetic skeletal traits, including height (P< 6× 10(−4)), and estimated bone mineral density (eBMD, P< 2× 10(−5)). Zebrafish mutants of two human orthologues that were robustly associated with height (COL11A2, P=6× 10(−24)) or eBMD (SPP1, P=6× 10(−20)) showed both exo- and endo- skeletal abnormalities as predicted by our genetic association analyses; col11a2(Y228X/Y228X) mutants showed exoskeletal and endoskeletal features consistent with abnormal growth, whereas spp1(P160X/P160X) mutants predominantly showed mineralisation defects. CONCLUSION: We show that scales have a strong osteogenic expression profile comparable to other elements of the dermal skeleton, enriched in genes that favour collagen matrix growth. Despite the many differences between scale and endoskeletal developmental processes, we also show that zebrafish scales express an evolutionarily conserved sub-population of genes that are relevant to human skeletal disease. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01209-8

Evaluation of a simple polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based membrane for blood-feeding of malaria and dengue fever vectors in the laboratory

BACKGROUND: Controlled blood-feeding is essential for maintaining laboratory colonies of disease-transmitting mosquitoes and investigating pathogen transmission. We evaluated a low-cost artificial feeding (AF) method, as an alternative to direct human feeding (DHF), commonly used in mosquito laboratories. METHODS: We applied thinly-stretched pieces of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes cut from locally available seal tape (i.e. plumbers tape, commonly used for sealing pipe threads in gasworks or waterworks). Approximately 4 ml of bovine blood was placed on the bottom surfaces of inverted Styrofoam cups and then the PTFE membranes were thinly stretched over the surfaces. The cups were filled with boiled water to keep the blood warm (~37 degrees C), and held over netting cages containing 3-4 day-old inseminated adults of female Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) or Anopheles arabiensis. Blood-feeding success, fecundity and survival of mosquitoes maintained by this system were compared against DHF. RESULTS: Aedes aegypti achieved 100% feeding success on both AF and DHF, and also similar fecundity rates (13.1 +/- 1.7 and 12.8 +/- 1.0 eggs/mosquito respectively; P > 0.05). An. arabiensis had slightly lower feeding success on AF (85.83 +/- 16.28%) than DHF (98.83 +/- 2.29%) though these were not statistically different (P > 0.05), and also comparable fecundity between AF (8.82 +/- 7.02) and DHF (8.02 +/- 5.81). Similarly, for An. gambiae (s.s.), we observed a marginal difference in feeding success between AF (86.00 +/- 10.86%) and DHF (98.92 +/- 2.65%), but similar fecundity by either method. Compared to DHF, mosquitoes fed using AF survived a similar number of days [Hazard Ratios (HR) for Ae. aegypti = 0.99 (0.75-1.34), P > 0.05; An. arabiensis = 0.96 (0.75-1.22), P > 0.05; and An. gambiae (s.s.) = 1.03 (0.79-1.35), P > 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: Mosquitoes fed via this simple AF method had similar feeding success, fecundity and longevity. The method could potentially be used for laboratory colonization of mosquitoes, where DHF is unfeasible. If improved (e.g. minimizing temperature fluctuations), the approach could possibly also support studies where vectors are artificially infected with blood-borne pathogens