Revisiting the Other Side of Eden (ROSE) – rural domestic violence project report

The former Eden District, roughly corresponding to the geographic area of the Eden Valley, is a significantly rural area with the lowest population density in England. The ONS notes that significant rurality may be an obstacle to accessing specialist services (ONS 2011) a concern that persists today (ONS 2023). Published over 20 years ago, ‘The Other Side of Eden’ (TOSE) uncovered the complexity of the situation relating to domestic violence (DV) in the area (King & Warbrick 2001). The findings of this report were meant to serve local organisations, members of the Eden Forum Against Domestic Violence - to improve the provisions for victims/survivors (Rouncefield, 2012). The original research carried out by academics at St Martin’s college, a University of Cumbria legacy institution, found that the wide dispersal of the community in the rural area of Eden District and sporadic public transport further limited access to key services, including those who could assist victims of domestic violence. At the same time, the close community bonds in small villages often worked against those wishing to escape domestic violence, making it harder to leave. Finally, the original research uncovered deficits in training and knowledge around DV amongst key service providers, including police. Over the past six years, Criminology staff and students have used the former Eden District case as a basis for ongoing tracking of changes to the findings of the report, under the umbrella of ‘ROSE – Revisiting the Other Side of Eden’. The aim of the project was to understand the dimensions of rural domestic violence. Some of the objectives included tracking the changes that have taken place since TOSE research took place, assessing the current provisions and barriers against the findings of the original report. We also hoped to identify areas of focus which were not present in the previous research, attending to the concept of ‘rurality’ in both its geographical and social aspects. By making ROSE a pedagogic tool in the classroom, this ‘close to home’, rural crime-oriented project on domestic violence and abuse was also aimed at empowering future justice advocates through action responses to teaching on DV&A (McQueeny, 2016). A strand of the work involved a rolling review of literature, with a thought experiment in applying it to the local, Cumbrian reality based on students’ experiences and knowledge. The successive student cohorts also undertook waves of documentary and mapping research, based on their interests or current conditions

Principles and practices of coöperative marketing,

Bibliography: p. 561-572.Mode of access: Internet

Long Term Follow-Up of Children with Down Syndrome with Cardiac Lesions

Two hundred and eighty four patients with Down Syndrome (DS) were seen between 1951-1989 with 114 (40.1%) having a cardiac murmur at presentation. A definitive cardiac diagnosis was established in 47 (41%) patients, of which 38 had long term follow-up. Fifteen (33%) patients had atrioventricular canals. There were 21 males and 17 females, with a mean age of 5.3 years. Fifteen (39%) patients were in functional class (FC) I, 16 (42%) in FC II, six (15%) in FC III, and one patient in FC IV at the time of presentation. There were 18 survivors (13 in the surgical group and five in the nonsurgical group) and 20 nonsurvivors (four in the surgical group and 16 in the nonsurgical group). Causes of death in the nonsurgical group included congestive heart failure, pneumonia, and pulmonary vascular disease, and occured at a mean age of 8.4 years. Post-operative complications accounted for deaths in three of the four surgical patients. The survivors in the surgical group are presently in FC I/II. In the nonsurgical group, there was increased mortality, especially in those who presented in an earlier era, and a deterioration in functional class on follow-up due to the development of pulmonary vascular disease. Our data suggest that a) patients with Down syndrome and heart disease are helped by cardiac surgery with stabilization and improvement of their functional class; b) deterioration in functional class is seen in patients with Down syndrome with cardiac lesions who are managed surgically and c) mortality remains high in such patients treated nonsurgically due to development of pulmonary vascular disease and congestive heart failure. Therefore, early diagnosis and surgical correction where appropriate is a key issue in the management of children with Down syndrome

Generic HPLC platform for automated enzyme reaction monitoring : Advancing the assay toolbox for transaminases and other PLP-dependent enzymes

Methods for rapid and direct quantification of enzyme kinetics independent of the substrate stand in high demand for both fundamental research and bioprocess development. This study addresses the need for a generic method by developing an automated, standardizable HPLC platform monitoring reaction progress in near real-time. The method was applied to amine transaminase (ATA) catalyzed reactions intensifying process development for chiral amine synthesis. Autosampler-assisted pipetting facilitates integrated mixing and sampling under controlled temperature. Crude enzyme formulations in high and low substrate concentrations can be employed. Sequential, small (1 µL) sample injections and immediate detection after separation permits fast reaction monitoring with excellent sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility. Due to its modular design, different chromatographic techniques, e.g. reverse phase and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) can be employed. A novel assay for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes is presented using SEC for direct monitoring of enzyme-bound and free reaction intermediates. Time-resolved changes of the different cofactor states, e.g. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate and the internal aldimine were traced in both half reactions. The combination of the automated HPLC platform with SEC offers a method for substrate-independent screening, which renders a missing piece in the assay and screening toolbox for ATAs and other PLP-dependent enzymes