El Ácido Piroleñoso de marabú, una alternativa agroecológica para el combate de arvenses

With the objective of evaluating the Piroleñoso Acid of marabú as an agroecological alternative to combat weed populations, the present investigation was carried out in the rainy season of the year 2021, in a soft fluvisol soil in the José Martí Credit and Services Cooperative, located in the popular council of Barranca in the Bayamo municipality, Granma province. Soil preparation was carried out with animal traction by the traditional method. Plots of 20 m2 distributed in a randomized block design with six treatments and three repetitions were used. The treatments consisted of a control (without product application) and doses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 L ha-1applied four days after furrowing. Samplings were carried out at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after applying the product to quantify the weed population per plot, for which a 0.5 x 0.5 m wooden frame was used, which was placed in three random points in each plot and the total population of weeds within the frame was counted, and the population of broad leaves and fine leaves was quantified. The data were processed using a double classification analysis of variance and the multiple comparison of means was performed using Tukey's test for p≤ 0.05. The results showed that the Piroleñoso Acid from marabú in doses between 1.0 and 2.5 L ha-1 showed a herbicidal effect on the evaluated weed population, with emphasis on broad-leaved weeds.Con el objetivo de evaluar el Ácido Piroleñoso de marabú como una alternativa agroecológica para combatir poblaciones de arvenses, se desarrolló la presente investigación en el período lluvioso del año 2021, en un suelo fluvisol mullido en la Cooperativa de Créditos y Servicios José Martí, ubicada en el consejo popular de Barranca en el municipio Bayamo, provincia Granma. La preparación del suelo se realizó con tracción animal por el método tradicional. Se utilizaron parcelas de 20 m2 distribuidas en un diseño de bloques al azar con seis tratamientos y tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en un control (sin aplicación de producto) y dosis de 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 y 2.5 L ha-1 aplicados cuatro días después de la surca. Se realizaron muestreos a los 10, 20, 30 y 40 días después de aplicado el producto para cuantificar la población de arvenses por parcela, para lo cual se utilizó un marco de madera de 0,5 x 0,5 m que se situó en tres puntos al azar en cada parcela y se contó la población total de arvenses dentro del marco, y se cuantificó la población de hojas anchas y hojas finas. Los datos se procesaron mediante un análisis de varianza de clasificación doble y la comparación múltiple de medias se realizó a través de la prueba de Tukey para p≤ 0,05. Los resultados mostraron que el Ácido Piroleñoso de marabú en dosis entre 1.0 y 2.5 L ha-1 mostró efecto herbicida en la población de arvenses evaluada, con énfasis en las arvenses de hojas anchas. &nbsp

Evaluación de indicadores edafoclimáticos y demográficos en cooperativas de créditos y servicios del municipio Jiguaní

With the objective to evaluate edafoclimátic and demographic indicators in cooperatives of credits and services at the Jiguaní municipality, the present work was developed linked to Innovation's Program Local Agricultural at the aforementioned territory. The information was gotten from interviews to keys informants, discussion in focal groups and a poll eyewitness, compound for a questionnaire of open questions and closed that was applied to 24 bosses of farmsteads. Topography and coverage of the area developed, agroclimátics conditions, demographic characteristics of the rural population, distribution for kind of the time once the agricultural activities was dedicated by the members of the family and tenancy and use of the land were evaluated. Results showed that the agricultural areas are generally clear, wheret he principal system of tenancy of the land is the profit with predominance of the temporary cultivations; Drought is the climatic event that has had a significant impact in these agroecosystems during the years of study; a low incorporation of the members of the families to the agricultural activities at the farmsteads becomes evident, fundamentally women.Con el objetivo de evaluar indicadores edafoclimáticos y demográficos en cooperativas de créditos y servicios en el municipio Jiguaní, se desarrolló el presente trabajo vinculado al Programa de Innovación Agropecuaria Local en dicho territorio. La información fue obtenida a partir de entrevistas a informantes clave, discusión en grupos focales y una encuesta presencial, compuesta por un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas y cerradas que se aplicó a un total de 24 jefes de fincas. Se evaluó la topografía y cobertura del área cultivada, condiciones agroclimáticas,características demográficas de la población rural, distribución por género del tiempo dedicado por los miembros de la familia a las actividades agrícolas y tenencia y uso de la tierra. Los resultados mostraron que las áreas agrícolas son generalmente llanas, donde el principal sistema de tenencia de la tierra es el usufructo con predominio de los cultivos temporales. La sequía es el evento climático que ha tenido un impacto significativo en estos agroecosistemas durante los años de estudio; se evidencia una baja incorporación de los miembros de las familias a las actividades agrícolas en las fincas, fundamentalmente mujeres

Variability and phenotypic relationships in morphoagronomic variables in bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

During the months of November to February of the periods 2009-2010 and 2010-2011, two experiments in the Granma province, Cuba, were carried out in order to evaluate the variability and relations between the variables morphoagronomycs evaluated. Nineteen genotypes of black bean in parcels of 7 m2 in a design of blocks at random with three replications were seeded. The planting distances were 0.70 m between furrows and 0.05 m between plants. Sixteen variables were evaluated and the data were processed by means of descriptive statistic and simple correlations. The results showed strong positive correlations between the pairs of variables: yield-weight of seeds for plant (r = 0.99) and number of seeds for plant - number of pod for plant (r= 0.94). The variables number of leaves for plant, height of the plant, number of pots for plant, number of seeds for plant, weight of seeds for plant, longitude of the seed and grain yield presented high variability, which can be useful for being used in programs of improvement in this species

Humidity levels in soil in the onion bulbs production.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes niveles de humedad en el suelo sobre la producción de bulbos de cebolla. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias “Jorge Dimitrov”, municipio Bayamo, provincia Granma, Cuba, durante el período 2009-2010. Se evaluaron tres niveles de humedad en el suelo: 100%, 75% y 50% de la capacidad de campo. Se emplearon quince tratamientos en cinco variedades de cebolla, distribuidos en un diseño completamente aleatorio; se seleccionaron veinte plantas al azar en cada tratamiento donde se evaluó en los bulbos las siguientes variables: peso promedio (g), diámetro ecuatorial (cm) y el diámetro polar (cm). El déficit de humedad en el suelo influyó significativamente en la disminución del peso y tamaño de los bulbos con un mayor efecto en el nivel del 50% de humedad en el suelo.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different soil humidity levels on the production of onion bulbs. Research was conducted at the Jorge Dimitrov Agricultural Research Institute, in the Bayamo municipality, Granma province, Cuba, during 2009-2010. Three soil moisture levels were evaluated: 100%, 75% and 50% of field capacity. Fifteen treatments and five varieties were used and were distributed in a complete randomized design. Twenty plants were selected at random from each treatment. The indicators that were evaluated in the bulbs were: mean weight (g), equatorial diameter (cm) and polar diameter (cm). Our results indicate that soil water deficit causes a significant reduction on bulbing size and bulbing mass, with the greater impact at 50% soil humidity

Response of variables of vegetative growth of onion ( Allium cepa L.) in different levels of humidity in the soi

Response of some variables of vegetative growth of five onion varieties was evaluated in an experiment carried out between the years 2009-2010 at ̈Jorge Dimitrov ̈ Agricultural Research Institute, Bayamo municipality, Granma province, Cuba. Three soil moisture levels were evaluated: 100%, 75% and 50%. 15treatments were used, distributed in a completely randomized design and 10 plants were selected at random from each treatment where indicators were evaluated: Leaf length (cm), leaf numbers and false stem diameter (cm). The results showed that the soil hydric defficits evaluated have a significative on the variables of vegetative growth with a bigger effect in the level of 50% of humidity in the soil

Productive response of Glycine max to different doses of organic fertilizers in Cambisol soil

To know the effects of different doses of earthworm humus and bovine manure on the main performance indicators of the soybean crop, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, variety Incasoy-27, an experiment was developed in the spring season (April -July 2012) on a Cambisol soil of the Bayamo municipality. In harvest maturity a sample of 10 plants per plot was taken and were evaluated the following indicators: number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, weight of 100 seeds (g) and agricultural yield was estimated (t ha-1). The data were processed by analysis of variance of double classification and, in case of significant difference between treatments; the Tukey test was used in the comparison of the means. The results showed a positive effect of the different doses of both fertilizers applied, reflected in the yield and its components, highlighting the earthworm humus in the dose of 6 t ha-1 with increases of the yield of 1.77 t ha-1 respect to the control