667 research outputs found
Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics of Spacetime
It has previously been shown that the Einstein equation can be derived from
the requirement that the Clausius relation dS = dQ/T hold for all local
acceleration horizons through each spacetime point, where dS is one quarter the
horizon area change in Planck units, and dQ and T are the energy flux across
the horizon and Unruh temperature seen by an accelerating observer just inside
the horizon. Here we show that a curvature correction to the entropy that is
polynomial in the Ricci scalar requires a non-equilibrium treatment. The
corresponding field equation is derived from the entropy balance relation dS
=dQ/T+dS_i, where dS_i is a bulk viscosity entropy production term that we
determine by imposing energy-momentum conservation. Entropy production can also
be included in pure Einstein theory by allowing for shear viscosity of the
horizon.Comment: 4 pages. Dedicated to Rafael Sorkin on the occasion of his 60th
birthda
Model Loyalitas Pelanggan Pada Perbankan Mikro: Perceived Risk Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of relationship marketing on customer satisfaction andswitching cost, to analyze the effect of cutomer satisfaction, relationship marketing and switching cost on customerloyalty, and to analyze percieved risk as a moderation variable on causal relationship between cutomersatisfaction, relationship marketing and switching cost on customer loyalty. The samples were mikro bankingconsumers in Banyumas, Cilacap, Purbalingga and Banjarnegara. The sample size in this study were 120respondents. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method. Analytical tool used were the sub-group regressionanalysis and Chow test.The results of this study were that relationship marketing had positive effect oncustomer satisfaction and switching cost, cutomer satisfaction, relationship marketing and switching cost hadpositive effect on customer loyalty and, percieved risk moderated the relationship between cutomer satisfaction,relationship marketing and switching cost on customer loyalty
Macbeth
analysis done 1998, revised 2002. Some scenes I would now characterise as extrusionsand I would switch Lady Macbeth's entrance in 2.2 to the inwards door. Despite Banquo's references in 2.1 that would place her elsewhere than Duncan's chambers, she now suddenly appears from there, having 'laid their daggers ready' (2.2.11). A surprise re-entrance as in Antony and Cleopatra 1.2
Dispersive fields in de Sitter space and event horizon thermodynamics
When Lorentz invariance is violated at high energy, the laws of black hole
thermodynamics are apparently no longer satisfied. To shed light on this
observation, we study dispersive fields in de Sitter space. We show that the
Bunch-Davies vacuum state restricted to the static patch is no longer thermal,
and that the Tolman law is violated. However we also show that, for free fields
at least, this vacuum is the only stationary stable state, as if it were in
equilibrium. We then present a precise correspondence between dispersive
effects found in de Sitter and in black hole metrics. This indicates that the
consequences of dispersion on thermodynamical laws could also be similar.Comment: 19 pages. Black and White version on Phys.Rev.D serve
Staged developmental mapping and X chromosome transcriptional dynamics during mouse spermatogenesis.
Male gametes are generated through a specialised differentiation pathway involving a series of developmental transitions that are poorly characterised at the molecular level. Here, we use droplet-based single-cell RNA-Sequencing to profile spermatogenesis in adult animals and at multiple stages during juvenile development. By exploiting the first wave of spermatogenesis, we both precisely stage germ cell development and enrich for rare somatic cell-types and spermatogonia. To capture the full complexity of spermatogenesis including cells that have low transcriptional activity, we apply a statistical tool that identifies previously uncharacterised populations of leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes. Focusing on post-meiotic events, we characterise the temporal dynamics of X chromosome re-activation and profile the associated chromatin state using CUT&RUN. This identifies a set of genes strongly repressed by H3K9me3 in spermatocytes, which then undergo extensive chromatin remodelling post-meiosis, thus acquiring an active chromatin state and spermatid-specific expression
Local Entropy Current in Higher Curvature Gravity and Rindler Hydrodynamics
In the hydrodynamic regime of field theories the entropy is upgraded to a
local entropy current. The entropy current is constructed phenomenologically
order by order in the derivative expansion by requiring that its divergence is
non-negative. In the framework of the fluid/gravity correspondence, the entropy
current of the fluid is mapped to a vector density associated with the event
horizon of the dual geometry. In this work we consider the local horizon
entropy current for higher-curvature gravitational theories proposed in
arXiv:1202.2469, whose flux for stationary solutions is the Wald entropy. In
non-stationary cases this definition contains ambiguities, associated with
absence of a preferred timelike Killing vector. We argue that these ambiguities
can be eliminated in general by choosing the vector that generates the subset
of diffeomorphisms preserving a natural gauge condition on the bulk metric. We
study a dynamical, perturbed Rindler horizon in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
setting and compute the bulk dual solution to second order in fluid gradients.
We show that the corresponding unambiguous entropy current at second order has
a manifestly non-negative divergence.Comment: 28 pages, 2 appendices; v2: added references, fixed typos, one
clarifying commen
Horava-Lifshitz gravity: a status report
This is intended to be a brief introduction and overview of Horava-Lifshitz
gravity. The motivation and all of the various version of the theory (to date)
are presented. The dynamics of the theory are discussed in some detail, with a
focus on low energy viability and consistency, as these have been the issues
that attracted most of the attention in the literature so far. Other properties
of the theory and developments within its framework are also covered, such as:
its relation to Einstein-aether theory, cosmology, and future perspectives.Comment: 17 pages, no figures, based on talk given at the 14th Conference on
Recent Developments in Gravity (NEBXIV), Ioannina, Greece, 8-11 Jun 2010; v2:
minor changes to match published version, references adde
From Petrov-Einstein to Navier-Stokes in Spatially Curved Spacetime
We generalize the framework in arXiv:1104.5502 to the case that an embedding
may have a nonvanishing intrinsic curvature. Directly employing the Brown-York
stress tensor as the fundamental variables, we study the effect of finite
perturbations of the extrinsic curvature while keeping the intrinsic metric
fixed. We show that imposing a Petrov type I condition on the hypersurface
geometry may reduce to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation for a fluid
moving in spatially curved spacetime in the near-horizon limit.Comment: 17 pages, references added, generalizing the metric form in part 3,
version published in JHE
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