Longitudinal 16S rRNA data derived from limb regenerative tissue samples of axolotl ambystoma mexicanum

WOS: 000469960800002PubMed ID: 31123261The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a critically endangered species and a fruitful amphibian model for regenerative biology. Despite growing body of research on the cellular and molecular biology of axolotl limb regeneration, microbiological aspects of this process remain poorly understood. Here, we describe bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon dataset derived from axolotl limb tissue samples in the course of limb regeneration. The raw data was obtained by sequencing V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene and comprised 14,569,756 paired-end raw reads generated from 21 samples. Initial data analysis using DADA2 pipeline resulted in amplicon sequence variant (ASV) table containing a total of ca. 5.9 million chimera-removed, high-quality reads and a median of 296,971 reads per sample. The data constitute a useful resource for the research on the microbiological aspects of axolotl limb regeneration and will also broadly facilitate comparative studies in the developmental and conservation biology of this critically endangered species

Knowledge and attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine among medical students in Turkey

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine knowledge and attitudes towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine among medical students in Turkey, and find out whether they want to be trained in Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between October and December 2010 among medical students. Data were collected from a total of seven medical schools. FINDINGS: The study included 943 medical students. The most well known methods among the students were herbal treatment (81.2 %), acupuncture (80.8 %), hypnosis (78.8 %), body-based practices including massage (77 %) and meditation (65.2 %), respectively. Acupuncture, aromatherapy, herbal treatment and meditation were better known among female participants compared to males (p < 0.05). Females and first year students, generally had more positive attitudes. A larger proportion of female students compared to male students reported that a doctor should be knowledgeable about CAM (p = 0.001), and this knowledge would be helpful in their future professional lives (p = 0.015). Positive attitudes towards and willingness to receive training declined as the number of years spent in the faculty of medicine increased. CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the medical students were familiar with the CAM methods widely used in Turkey, while most of them had positive attitudes towards CAM as well as willingness to receive training on the subject, and they were likely to recommend CAM methods to their patients in their future professional lives. With its gradual scientific development and increasing popularity, there appears a need for a coordinated policy in integrating CAM into the medical curriculum, by taking expectations of and feedback from medical students into consideration in setting educational standards

Rehabilitation for Addicted Patients: Erenköy BAHAR Model

Rehabilitation is any action taken on an individual who has lost their physical or mental capabilities due to a disease or accident to recover their health or improve their capabilities in physical, mental, psychological, social and economic terms within their limitations. Rehabilitation application is divided into medical, social, occupational and psychiatric rehabilitation categories. Main purpose of rehabilitation application for addicted patients is the cessation of drug use in order to begin dealing with the psychological, legal, economic, social and physical damages done of the patients. The purpose of this study is to share several rehabilitation models applied on addicted patients of several countries, and to provide up-to-date knowledge on the development of rehabilitation models applied on addicted patients in our country with a relatively topical application example. In the practice of rehabilitation for addicted patients, we share the capacity and procedural operations, two years of research data and the experiences of what we believe is an important model for our country, the Erenköy Bağımlı Hastalar İçin Rehabilitasyon (BAHAR) Center’s model, for their individualized and integrated approach in recovery. The Center’s rehabilitation programs are cascaded into adaptation program, 0 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 12 months long programs. In Erenköy BAHAR Center, patients’ recoveries in medical and spiritual sense were observed; and positive developments in social standing, family relations and occupational and social roles were recorded. It is seen that this center’s treatment methods for addiction are crucial for individual’s general wellbeing and functionality recovery, thus giving rise to the thought of establishing similar centers in our country. In conclusion, rehabilitation for addicted patients in our country is an emerging field and it requires more effort

The analysis of Romania’s and Turkey’s accession process to the EU according to the commission reports: a political aspect

1990'ların başında Berlin Duvarı'nın yıkılması ve Sovyetler Birliği'nin parçalanmasıyla Avrupa Birliği kaçınılmaz olarak yeni bir sürece girdi. AB'nin gelecek genişlemesi olarak adlandırılan bu süreci bir genişlemeden ziyade yeniden bir araya gelme olarak görebiliriz. Sovyetler Birliği'nin etki alanından kurtulan Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkeleri ilk andan itibaren Batı tarzı demokrasi ve piyasa ekonomisine dayalı yönetimler kurma gayesinde olduklarını göstermiş oldular. "Avrupa Antlaşmaları" veyahut ikinci jenerasyon anlaşmaların imzalanmasından sonra Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkeleri ile AB arasındaki ilişki gelişerek AB adaylığından AB üyeliğine giden bir seyir izledi. Bunun yanı sıra 1950'li yılların sonunda kurulan Avrupa Topluluğu'na hemen kurulmasından birkaç yıl sonra başvuran ve temeli 1963 yılında imzalanan "Ankara Antlaşması"na dayanan Avrupa Topluluğu/Birliği Türkiye ilişkileri diğer tüm aday ülkelerle olan ilişkilerden farklı olarak gelişti. 1990'lı yıllara kadar daha ziyade ekonomik kriterleri ön plana çıkaran Avrupa Topluluğu 1992 başlarında imzalanan ve 1993'te yürürlüğe giren Maastricht Antlaşması ile yeni bir yapılanmaya giderek ekonomik bir birlik niteliğindeki Avrupa Topluluğu'ndan politik bir Avrupa Birliği'ne doğru iradesini açıkladı. Bu kriterler Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinin AB'ye entegrasyonu için gerekli kriterlerin yerine getirilmesini ve bu aşamada bu ülkelere finansal ve politik destek sağlanmasını içeriyordu. Tezimizin odaklandığı nokta, 1990'larda belirlenen AB'nin son genişleme halkası içinde Türkiye'nin her zaman farklı bir statüde yer almış olmasının da altını çizmek ve bu doğrultuda seçilen iki ülke olan Romanya ile Türkiye arasında AB'ye yakınlık açısından oluşan farkın nedenini sorgulamak olacaktır. Kopenhag Politik Kriterleri altında incelenen "demokrasi ve hukuk kurallarına uygunluk" ile "insan hakları ile azınlıkların korunması" başlıkları ile iki ülkenin yapmış olduğu hukuksal düzenlemeler ve Komisyon raporları doğrultusunda bu gelişmelerin AB tarafından nasıl değerlendirildiği incelenecektir. At the beginning of 1990s, after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union, European Union inevitably got into the new process. The process called the future enlargement of the EU should be seen as a re-unification more than a new enlargement. CEECs have denoted their desire to establish a Western - style democracy and a market economy immediately after being rescued from the Soviet influenced area. The relation between CEECs and the EU gradually has followed a progress from the candidacy to a full-membership to the EU when second generation agreements established. Alongside with that the relation between EC/EU and Turkey who applied to the Community just after its establishment at the end of 1950s signing of the "Ankara Agreement" has followed a progress different from all other CEE countries. The Copenhagen Meeting of the European Council is another heading, the criteria for membership of the Union was determined in this summit. The message in that the EU intends to include the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the European integration process so while they clarify the criteria they will also assist them politically and financially in a way that will be analysed in the thesis. After then thesis focuses on political situations of Romania and Turkey to the integration to the EU and points out differences through the implementation of "democracy and rule of law" and "human rights and protection of minorities". Lastly, in the light of the Commission's Regular/Progress Reports it will tried to be examined what Romania did differently from Turkey to be accepted as a member earlier than Turkey

Küçük ve orta büyüklükteki işletmelerin (KOBİ) uluslararası pazarlama stratejileri etkinliği

Küresel rekabet ortamı içerisinde sınırların da ortadan kalkmasıyla birlikte ulusal pazarlama ve uluslararası pazarlama kavramları arasındaki farklılık giderek azalmıştır. İşletmelerin de bu yeni değişime ayak uydurabilmek ve rekabet ortamında ayakta kalabilmek için yönetim yapısını ve pazarlama fonksiyonlarını yeniden gözden geçirmesi gerekmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, ticari hayatın dinamizmini sağlayan küçük ve orta büyüklükteki işletmelerin etkin bir pazarlama ve satış stratejisi geliştirmesi gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır. KOBİ’lerin sağlam bir firma ve marka imajı oluşturabilmeleri ihracatta başarıyı yakalamaları için önemlidir. İç ve dış pazardan gelebilecek rakiplerin baskılarına karşı bu işletmelerin yapması gereken kendi firma yapısına uygun olarak pazarlama stratejilerini belirlemek ve bunların etkin bir şeklide işleyişe kavuşturulmasını sağlamaktır. Etkin bir pazarlama stratejisi uygulamak için öncelikle firmaların kendi yapısal özelliklerini, yerel pazarlarını ve sonrasında uluslararası pazarları tanıması ve ne tür stratejilerle pazarda yer alacağını analiz etmesi gerekmektedir. KOBİ’lerin pazarlama stratejileri etkinliği çoğu zaman uzun dönemli değil kısa dönemli hedeflere yönelik olarak planlansa da KOBİ’ler bazı durumlarda bu dezavantajlarını pratiklik ve tüketiciyle yakın ilişki gibi özellikleri sayesinde avantaja çevirebilmektedirler. Bu işletmelerin ihracatta başarıyı yakalaması için öncelikle uluslararası pazarlamayı etkileyen çevresel faktörleri iyi bir şekilde analiz etmesi ve daha sonra kendi hedef pazarlarına göre her bir çevresel faktörü ayrı bir şekilde irdelemesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca hedef pazar tespiti, pazara uyum sağlama gibi pazarlama etkinlikleri de bu analizin tamamlayıcıları olan stratejiler olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Pazarlama karması yönünden KOBİ’lerin uluslararası pazarlama stratejilerinin oluşturulması ve etkin bir şekilde sürdürülmesi de işleyişin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye’ de faaliyette bulunan KOBİ’lerin uluslararası pazarlama stratejileri etkinliğinin ölçülmesine yönelik bir uygulama yapılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Uluslararası Pazarlama, Pazarlama Stratejileri, Etkinlik, KOBİ, Pazarlama Karması ABSTRACT Although with the removal of borders in global competition environment, differences between international marketing and marketing concepts have disappeared. To keep up with new changes and to survive in a competition environment, firms have to review their management structure and marketing functions. Accordingly, small and medium sized enterprises which provides dynamism to business life, ensue that they have to improve effective sales and marketing strategies. Creating a strong company and brand image is important for SMEs to achieve success in export. Against competitors pressures from internal and external market, firms have to determine the appropriate marketing strategies for their own company structure and ensure the effective clarification of operations. To apply an effective marketing strategy first of all firms should identify their structural properties and local markets and then identify international markets and needs to analyze the firm taking place in the market with what kind of strategies. SMEs effectiveness of marketing strategies are usually planned as a short term target instead of long term but sometimes SMEs changes this disadvantageous manner to advantageous with the help of their properties like as practicality and close relationships with the consumers. For achieving success in the export firstly these enterprises should analyze the environmental factors which effects the international marketing and then according to their target market they have to examine each environmental factors seperately. Also marketing efficiencies like target market determination and market orientation are evaluated as complimentary strategies to these analyses. In terms of marketing mix, creating international marketing strategies of SMEs and sustaining this strategies effectively forms a basis of operation. In this context, an application was made to measure the international marketing strategies effectiveness of SMEs operating in Turkey . Key Words: International Marketing, Marketing Strategies, Effectiveness, SMEs, Marketing Mi

Axolotl cells and tissues enhances cutaneous wound healing in mice

Adult mammalian skin wound repair is defective due to loss of the regulation in balancing the complete epithelial regeneration and excessive connective tissue production, and this repair process commonly results in scar tissue formation. However, unlike mammals, adult salamanders repair the wounds by regeneration compared to scarring. To elucidate the healing capability of a salamander, Axolotl, in a different species, here we addressed this question by treating the wounds in mice with Axolotl cells or tissues. Excisional lesions were created on each mouse, and animals in different groups treated by; a-) Axolotl blastema tissue, b-) Axolotl tail tissue, c-) Axolotl blastema cells, d-) Axolotl tail cells, e-) Serum physiologic, e-) Madecassol; respectively. 10 days after the treatments, wound healing success was compared by considering the wound closure rate, histopathological analysis, vascularization and gene expression profiling of cytokines. The results reveal that Axolotl cells or tissues delivered animals demonstrate an improved wound repair capacity. A better reepithelization, granule tissue formation, vascularization and even presence of hair follicles are observed in animals treated with Axolotl samples. Gene expression profiling data discloses the lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in these animals which may indicate the immune-modulating role of Axolotl samples in wound healing

BEHCET'S DISEASE IN SOUTHERN TURKEY: CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF 406 PATIENTS

WOS: 000282865900153

Behcet's Disease: The Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of 406 Patients

14th International Congress on Behcet's Disease -- JUL 07-10, 2010 -- London, ENGLANDWOS: 000306729900006Objectives: In this study, we aim to describe and investigate the demographic and clinical features, prognostic factors, ocular, and systemic manifestations of the patients with Behcet's Disease. Patients and methods: The study included 406 patients (306 males, 100 females; 36.1 years; range 12 to 76 years) who met the classification criteria of the International Study Group for Behcet's Disease. The clinical and demographic characteristics including age at onset, sex, type of ocular involvement, visual acuity, systemic manifestations, and initial signs, and treatment modalities were reviewed. Results: The mean age at onset was 27.6 +/- 7.2 years in male patients and 29.0 +/- 9.3 years in females. There were no significant differences between both sex in terms of the frequency of ocular involvement (68.9% in male, 65.0% in female, p=0.163) and bilaterality of the ocular involvement (56.2% in male and 53.0% in female, p=0.67). The most common initial presenting manifestation of the disease was oral aphthous ulcer which was seen in 71.9% of the patients, followed by ocular involvement (23.4%). The leading clinical features were oral aphthous ulcers (100%), followed by genital ulcers (82.8%) and ocular manifestations (80.3%). HLA-B51 was positive in 170 of 372 patients (45.7%). HLA-B51 positivity had no effect on the frequency and severity of the ocular inflammatory episodes. Of 306 males, 141 (46.1%) and of 100 females 29 (29.0%) had severe ocular episodes, while 34.6% (n=106) of males and 21% (n=21) of females had frequent ocular involvement. Males had more frequent (p=0.03) and more serious (p=0.015) ocular inflammatory episodes than females. Cyclosporine A was the most commonly preferred agent for patients with frequent episodes (24.3%; p=0.019). Conclusion: Ocular involvement in Behcet's disease is significantly more frequent and severe in men. The main prognostic criteria affecting the visual acuity are the severity and frequency of ocular involvement