Pelvik radyoterapi uygulanılan sıçanlarda akut gastointestinal toksisite üzerine giardi intestinalis enfeksiyonunun etkileri

INTRODUCTION: Different types of pelvic cancer, such as cervical, endometrial, bladder and prostate, are normally treated by radical radiotherapy, which can be used both alone or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of concomitant Giardia intestinalis infection on acute gastrointestinal toxicity in rats that have undergone pelvic irradiation. METHODS: The study group consisted of forty female 6-month-old Wistar rats with the weight of 250 g. The rats were divided into four groups containing ten rats in each group. The study groups are as follows: Group 1 contained rats not infected with Giardia intestinalis and not irradiated, Group 2 contained rats infected with Giardia intestinalis but not irradiated, Group 3 contained rats not infected with Giardia intestinalis but irradiated, Group 4 contained rats infected with Giardia intestinalis and radiated. For the day after the end of radiation, the number of stool pellets was counted, and the operation of weighing rats was performed, and they were sacrificed the following day. The intestinal tissues were taken for histological evaluation. RESULTS: A mucosal damage, such as villus shortening, atrophy of surface epithelium, crypt loss, as well as a decrease in the number of goblet cells of the group 3 and 4, was detected as a result of the light microscopic examination. CONCLUSION: As a result of the present study, the fact that concomitant Giardia intestinalis infection aggravates acute gastrointestinal toxicity in rats that have undergone pelvic irradiation has been verified.GİRİŞ: Servikal, endometrial, mesane ve prostat gibi pelvik kanserin farklı türleri normalde ya sadece radikal radyoterapi ile yada cerrahi ve kemoterapi birlikte kombinasyon halinde tedavi edilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, pelvik radyasyona maruz kalan sıçanlarda eşzamanlı Giardia intestinalis enfeksiyonunun akut gastrointestinal toksisite üzerine etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. METOD: Çalışma grubu, 250 g ağırlığa sahip kırk adet 6 aylık dişi Wistar sıçandan oluşmaktadır. Sıçanlar, herbir grupta 10 adet sıçan olacak şekilde dört gruba ayrıldı. Çalışma grupları; Grup 1, Giardia intestinalis ile enfekte olmayan ve radyoterapi almayan sıçanlar, Grup 2, radyoterapi almamış, ancak Giardia intestinalis ile enfekte olan sıçanlar, Grup 3, Giardia intestinalis ile enfekte olmamış fakat radyoterapi almış sıçanlar, Grup 4'te hem Giardia intestinalis ile enfekte olan hemde radyoterapi alan sıçanlardan oluşmaktadır. Radyasyon bittikten sonraki gün, hayvan vücut ağırlıkları kayıtedildi ve dışkılama sıklığı hesaplandı. Ratlar perfore edilerek sakrifiye edildi, ince bağırsak dokuları histolojik inceleme için alındı. SONUÇ: Işık mikroskopik incelemesinin sonucu olarak, grup 3 ve 4 ‘te villus kısalması, yüzeyel epitelinde atrofi, kriptalarda kayıp gibi mukozal hasarlar ve goblet sayısında azalma tespit edildi. TARTIŞMA: Bu çalışmanın bir sonucu olarak, Giardia intestinalis enfeksiyonu ile eşzamanlı olarak pelvik radyoterapi uygulanması sıçanlarda akut gastrointestinal toksisiteyi arttırmıştır. zümrüt do

Yumurtacı tavuk embriyolarında genotipin kemik biyomekanik özellikleri ve bileşimine etkileri

Bone problems are highly prevalent in laying hens. These problems affect the welfare, production and economic losses. Bone development begins in the embryonic period, and if the skeletal system develops well at that time, the subsequent production period can be affected positively. The present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of genotype on biomechanical parameters and composition of bone in the laying hen embryos. For this purpose, 360 fertilized eggs were obtained from two brown (Atak-S and Brown Nick) and two white (Atabey and Nick) layer breeders and incubated. Metatarsus, tibia and femur properties were examined on the embryonic d 19 and 21. Results showed that genotype played an important role in determining the biomechanical properties and mineral composition of the metatarsus, tibia and femur in the embryonic period. Examined bone characteristics improved with embryonic age. The least mineralization was observed in the metatarsus bone. In conclusion, bone properties were influenced from the genotype. However these differences were not related with laying hens being white or brown. The effect of the interaction between genotype and embryonic age on the bone properties should be considered.Yumurtacı tavuklarda kemik sorunları oldukça yaygındır. Bu sorunlar refahı, üretimi ve ekonomik kayıpları etkiler. Kemik gelişimi embriyonik dönemde başladığından bu dönemde iskelet sistemi iyi gelişirse, sonraki üretim periyodu olumlu yönde etkilenebilir. Bu çalışmada genotipin yumurtacı tavuk embriyolarında kemiğin biyomekanik özellikleri ve bileşimine etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla iki kahverengi (Atak-S ve Kahverengi Nick) ve iki beyaz (Atabey ve Nick) yumurtacı damızlıklardan elde edilen 360 adet döllü yumurta toplanmış ve inkübe edilmiştir. Embiyonik dönemin 19 ve 21. günlerinde metatarsus, tibia ve femur özellikleri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, embriyonik dönemde genotipin metatarsus, tibia ve femurun biyomekanik özellikleri ve mineral bileşiminde önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermiştir. Embriyonik yaşın artmasıyla incelenen kemik özellikleri iyileşmiştir. En az minerilizasyon metatarsus kemiğinde gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kemik özellikleri genotipten etkilenmiştir. Fakat bu farklılıklar beyaz veya kahverengi yumurtacı tavuk olmasıyla ilişkili değildir. Genotip ve embriyonik yaş arasındaki etkileşimin kemik özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi dikkate alınmalıdır

Fabrication, characterization, and in vivo biocompatibility evaluation of titanium-niobium implants

In this study, biocompatible titanium-niobium (Ti-Nb) alloys were fabricated by using powder metallurgy methods. Physical, morphological, thermal, and mechanical analyses were performed and their in vivo compatibility was evaluated. Besides ?, ?, and ?? martensitic phases, ?+? Widmanstätten phase due to increasing sintering temperature was seen in the microstructure of the alloys. Phase transformation temperatures of the samples decreased as Nb content increased. The ratio of Nb in the samples affected their mechanical properties. No toxic effect was observed on implanted sites. This study shows that Ti-Nb alloys can be potentially used for orthopedic applications without any toxic effects. © IMechE 2020.MÜFYL/2016-006The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by Ad?yaman University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project No: M?FYL/2016-006).The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by Adıyaman University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project No: MÜFYL/2016-006)

Effect of prenatal exposure to diclofenac sodium on the development of arteries in the female rat: A stereological and histopathological evaluation

Objective: To investigate the effect of diclofenac sodium (DS) exposure on the prenatal development of female rat arteries. Study Design: Pregnant rats were separated into control, saline-injected, and drug-treated (DS) groups. Starting from the 5th day following mating until the 15th day of pregnancy, saline and DS (1 mg/kg daily) were injected intraperitoneally into the pregnant rats in the saline and DS groups, respectively. No injection was given to the rats in the control group. Of the offspring born to the pregnant rats, females were chosen. At the end of the 4th and 20th weeks, vessel samples were removed and evaluated using stereological techniques. Results: Our results indicated no significant difference between the volume fractions of the tunica media and lumen in the femoral and brachial arteries of the 4-week-old female rats. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the 4- and 20-week-old female rats in terms of the volume fractions of the tunica media and lumen in their aortas and femoral and brachial arteries. However, a significant difference was observed in the condition of the 4-week-old female rats' aortas. Conclusion: Prenatal exposure of female rats to DS may inhibit the development of the arterial system. © Science Printers and Publishers, Inc

Femur properties of embryo in the layer hybrid and pure breeds

Layer hybrids are more superior in the egg yield than pure breeds. But this superiority causes some problems in the bones during the production period. There are a lot of differences among genotypes in the production period that have been examined extensively, however, the differences throughout incubation period aren’t known yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in femur properties of pure breed and layer hybrid embryos during the incubation period. A total of 354 fresh hatching eggs were used from one hybrid (Lohman White) and two pure breeds (Denizli & Gerze). The eggs were incubated. Hatching eggs from each genotype at the beginning of embryonic days (E) 19 and E21 were examined. At these embryonic ages, 12 eggs were selected from each genotype. The eggs were opened and embryos were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Both femurs were dissected from each embryo and then structure, mineral composition and mechanical properties of femur were determined. The genotype affected the length, width and Zn level in the femur of embryos. Weight, length, width, load of yield and ultimate, ash and all examined minerals increased with embryonic development. These results showed that some femur properties of embryos were influenced by the genotype and layer hybrid embryos are beginning to be advantageous in terms of Zn level in the femur at E21. This study leads to better understanding femur development during the incubation period in layer hybrid and pure breeds

Effects of diclofenac sodium on the hippocampus of rats with acute subdural hematoma: histological, stereological, and molecular approach

This study was aimed at evaluating the potential effects of acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) and diclofenac sodium (DS) therapy following ASDH on the rat hippocampus. Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were used and divided into four groups. 0.1 ml of non-heparinized autologous blood from the tail vein of the animals in the non-treatment group (NTG) and treatment group (TG) was injected into the subdural space. The TG received intramuscular diclofenac sodium at a 15 mg/kg dose daily from the postoperative second hour to the seventh day after the operation. The control group (CG) and sham group (SG) were used for control and sham operations, respectively. On the postoperative eighth day, all animals were sacrificed, and the hippocampi of all animals were stereologically and histologically evaluated. Also blood samples of the animals were biochemically analyzed. As a result of the study, the mean number of neurons in CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and the total number of neurons were decreased in the hippocampus samples of the NTG and especially the TG subjects. When comparing the second blood samples, there was no difference between the levels of adrenaline and serotonin among the groups. However, after the operation, noradrenalin levels in the treatment group were found to be higher than those of the sham and control groups (p < 0.05). In the NTG and TG, histopathological findings were observed such as Nissl condensation as well as completely dead and indistinguishable neurons with abnormally shaped, shrunken cytoplasm and nuclei. Also necrotic areas on the specimens of the TG were seen. In immunohistochemical sections, c-FOS positivity was decreased in the NTG and especially the TG. Otherwise, PGC-1 positive cells were increased in the NTG and especially the TG. In this study, it was shown for the first time by means of stereological techniques that using DS after ASDH caused a decrease in the number of hippocampal neurons (CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions)

Efects of melatonin on diclofenac sodium treatedrat kidney: a stereological and histopathological study

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of diclofenac sodium (DS) and melatonin (MEL) on kidney of the prenatally administered rats. Materials and methods: Pregnant rats were divided into the control, physiological saline, DS, and DS + MEL groups. All injections were given beginning from the 5th day after mating to the 15th day of the pregnancy. Physical dissector and Cavalieri principle were used to estimate the numerical density and total number of glomeruli and the volumetric parameters of kidney, respectively. Results: Our stereological results indicated that DS application during the pregnancy lead to decrease in the mean volume, numerical density, and total number of the glomeruli (p 0.05). Light microscopic investigation showed congestion in blood vessels and shrinkage of the Bowman's space in the DS group. Moreover, there was degeneration in nephrons including glomerulosclerosis and tubular defects, and an increase in the connective tissue in the kidneys of the DS-treated group. However, usage of the MEL with the DS caused preventing of these pathological alterations in the kidney. Discussion: We suggested that DS might lead to adverse effects in the kidneys of the rats that are prenatally subjected to this drug. Fortunately, these adverse effects can be prevented by the melatonin supplementation

Effects of spermine and the passive avoidance learning (PAL) following cerebral ischemia in chicks: Association with neuroprotection of pyramidal cells

WOS: 000427664300005PubMed ID: 29126816The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of spermine and the passive avoidance learning on hippocampus following transient cerebral ischemia in the chicks. The study is composed of the pure control (CG), sham (SG) and experimental groups (n = 20). Experimental groups (ischemia group, IG and ischemia-spermine group, ISG) were exposed to ischemia for 20 min whereas the SG was exposed to sham operation and CG group was not exposed to any operation. Passive avoidance learning (PAL) was applied to the half number of the subjects in each group. Both before and after 7 days from the ischemia, operated animals were taken to PAL and then they were sacrificed. Total numbers of neurons in the hippocampus were stereologically estimated using Cresyl violet stained sections. We detected that number of neurons was increased following PAL and especially spermine treatment. According to our results, we suggested that spermine may reduce the deleterious effects of the ischemia by causing to increase in the neuronal number and so, it may be slightly supportive to the PAL.Ondokuz Mayis University [PYO. TIP. 1901.09.015]The Animal Ethics Committee of Yuzuncu Yil University approved the protocol and appropriate measures were taken to minimize pain or discomfort of the animals by our study group. The experimental part of this study and stereological examination was performed at Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Histology and Embryology. This study was supported by Ondokuz Mayis University, (PYO. TIP. 1901.09.015)

Effects of cage type on performance, welfare, and microbiological properties of laying hens during the molting period and the second production cycle

As most of the unenriched cages will soon switch to enriched cages, it is important to characterize all the effects in the laying hens for sustainable production. Laying hens can be used in several production periods by applying molting. The aim of this study was to determine the cage type (unenriched and enriched) on performance, welfare, and microbiological properties of laying hens during the molting period and the second production cycle. Overall, 840 brown laying hybrids were used in the experiment. Laying hens were reared on two different cage types (unenriched cage (UEC) and enriched cage (EC)) in the same poultry house. When the hybrids were 75 weeks old, they were subjected to force molting with whole grain barley. Performance, welfare, microbiological, and serological data of laying hens were obtained from 73 to 107 weeks of age. Egg production, egg weight, feed conversion ratio, breaking strength, albumen and yolk index, Haugh unit, feather condition, and breaking force of femur and metatarsus were better in the post-molting period. However, keel bone deformities and Newcastle disease virus antibody titers are the worst in the post-molting period. Stiffness of femur and metatarsus was increased with period. These results indicate that necessary precautions should be taken against the problems that may occur in the direction of bone and health. During the molting period, hens kept in EC had lower egg production but they returned to egg production at a high rate. EC type had a positive effect on egg production, feed conversion ratio, feather and foot condition, and breaking force of metatarsus