Bean weevil control (Zabrotes subfasciatus, 1833) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) through the use of specific seed protein on near isogenic bean lines

A arcelina é uma proteína encontrada somente em feijões silvestres e é o fator que confere resistência ao caruncho-do-feijão Zabrotes subfasciatus (Bohemann, 1833). Procurou-se verificar a influência desta proteína no controle de Z. subfasciatus em uma série de linhas de feijão quase-isogênicas contendo diferentes alelos de arcelina e misturas dos mesmos na seguinte proporção: Arc 1 (100%); Arc 2 (100%); Arc 3 (100%); Arc 4 (100%); Arc 1, 2, 3, 4 (25%); Arc 1, 4 (50%); Arc 1 (80%) + Arc 4 (20%); Arc 1 (20%) + Arc 4 (80%); Arc 4 (80%) + Arc- (20%); Arc 4 (20%) + Arc- (80%). Os controles suscetíveis utilizados foram Arc- (Porrillo 70) e Goiano Precoce. As linhagens quase-isogênicas com Arc 1 e Arc 2 foram as menos danificadas pelo caruncho. Os danos na testemunha suscetível Goiano Precoce foram aproximadamente sete vezes superiores em relação aos das linhagens quase-isogênicas com Arc 1 e Arc 2.Arcelin is a seed protein found only in wild beans which gives resistance to bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus Bohemann, 1833). In this study the effect of this seed protein controlling bean weevil was evaluated on a series of near isogenic bean lines and their mixtures in the following proportion: Arc 1 (100%); Arc 2 (100%); Arc 3 (100%); Arc 4 (100%); Arc 1, 2,3,4 (25%); Arc 1, 4 (50%); Arc 1 (80%) + Arc 4 (20%); Arc 1 (20%) + Arc 4 (80%); Arc 4 (80%) + Arc- (20%) and Arc 4 (20%) + Arc- (80%). The bean cultivars Porrillo 70 and Goiano Precoce were utilized as susceptible checks. The bean near isogenic lines containing Arc 1 and Arc 2 showed significant less damage to bean weevil than the controls. The damages in the "Goiano" susceptible check were about seven times higher than those of the near isogenic lines with Arc 1 and Arc 2

Pathogenicity of Beauveria Bassiana (Hyphomycetes: Moniliales) to Larval and Adult Chalcodermus Bimaculatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Five strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (four from Brazil and one from the USSR) were tested for virulence against final instars and adults of Chalcodermus bimaculatus Fiedler. The Brazilian isolates CP 7 and CP 1 were the most virulent to larval and adult weevils. Three of the five isolates caused 90% or greater mortality of larvae at a dose of 5.5 × 102 conidia per mm2, whereas none of the isolates caused high mortality of adults, even at a 100-fold higher dose. Results suggest that applications of B. bassiana targeting the larval stage would be more effective than applications against adult weevils

Metabolism and secretory function of white adipose tissue: effect of dietary fat

Approximately 40% of the total energy consumed by western populations is represented by lipids, most of them being ingested as triacylglycerols and phospholipids. The focus of this review is to analyze the effect of the type of dietary fat on white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory function, particularly on haptoglobin, TNF-&#945;, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin secretion. Previous studies have demonstrated that the duration of the exposure to the high-fat feeding, amount of fatty acid present in the diet and the type of fatty acid may or may not have a significant effect on adipose tissue metabolism. However, the long-term or short-term high fat diets, especially rich in saturated fatty acids, probably by activation of toll-like receptors, stimulated the expression of proinflammatory adipokines and inhibited adiponectin expression. Further studies are needed to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids affect white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory functions.<br>Aproximadamente 40% do total de energia consumida pela população ocidental é representada pelos lipídios, a maioria dela sendo ingerida na forma de triglicerídeos e fosfolipídios. O foco desta revisão foi analisar o efeito dos tipos de gordura da dieta sobre o metabolismo e função secretora do tecido adiposo branco, principalmente, sobre a secreção de haptoglobina, TNF-&#945;, inibidor do ativador de plasminogênio-1 e adiponectina. Estudos prévios demonstraram que durante a exposição de dietas hiperlipídicas, a quantidade e o tipo de ácidos graxos presentes na dieta podem ou não ter um efeito significante sobre o metabolismo do tecido adiposo. Entretanto, o tratamento a curto ou longo prazo com dieta hiperlipídica, especialmente rica em ácidos graxos saturados, provavelmente por ativar receptores toll-like, estimula a expressão de adipocinas pró-inflamatórias e inibe a expressão de adiponectina. Estudos adicionais são necessários para investigar os mecanismos celulares pelos quais os ácidos graxos da dieta afetam a função secretória e metabólica do tecido adiposo branco