Coulometry and Calorimetry of Electric Double Layer Formation in Porous Electrodes

Coulometric measurements on salt-water-immersed nanoporous carbon electrodes reveal, at a fixed voltage, a charge decrease with increasing temperature. During far-out-of-equilibrium charging of these electrodes, calorimetry indicates the production of both irreversible Joule heat and reversible heat, the latter being associated with entropy changes during electric double layer (EDL) formation in the nanopores. These measurements grant experimental access --for the first time-- to the entropic contribution of the grand potential; for our electrodes, this amounts to roughly 25% of the total grand potential energy cost of EDL formation at large applied potentials, in contrast with point-charge model calculations that predict 100%. The coulometric and calorimetric experiments show a consistent picture of the role of heat and temperature in EDL formation and provide hitherto unused information to test against EDL models.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure

Numerical study of a slip-link model for polymer melts and nanocomposites

We present a numerical study of the slip link model introduced by Likhtman for describing the dy- namics of dense polymer melts. After reviewing the technical aspects associated with the implemen- tation of the model, we extend previous work in several directions. The dependence of the relaxation modulus with the slip link density and the slip link stiffness is reported. Then the nonlinear rheolog- ical properties of the model, for a particular set of parameters, are explored. Finally, we introduce excluded volume interactions in a mean field such as manner in order to describe inhomogeneous systems, and we apply this description to a simple nanocomposite model. With this extension, the slip link model appears as a simple and generic model of a polymer melt, that can be used as an alternative to molecular dynamics for coarse grained simulations of complex polymeric systems

PANDANGAN MASYARAKAT LAMPUNG TERHADAP ACARA NYAMBAI DALAM MEMBENTUK PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK REMAJA DI PEKON BANJARMASIN KECAMATAN KOTA AGUNG BARAT KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS

ABSTRAK Penelitan ini menggunakan tehnik pengumpulan data wawancara dan penamatan. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap orang-orang yang pernah mengikuti malam muda mudi muli mekhanai. Data primer diperoleh langsung dari responden mengenai pelaksanaan malam muda mudi muli mekhanai, sedangkan data sekunder berupa teori-teori serta data penunjang lainnya diperoleh dari kepustakaan, Dokumentasi dan monografi desa.Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan pelaksanaan kegiatan malam muli mekhanai pada masyarakat desa Banjar Masin. Dengan demikian hipotesis penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: jika kebudayaan malam muli mekahanai diterapkan kepada generasi muda maka akan terkikis budaya pacaran yang sedang tenar saat ini, kalau kebudayaan muli mekanai tidak diterpakan atau dilestarikan pada kalangan muda maka kebiasaan pacaran akan terus berkembang seiring dengan berkembangnya zaman.Dari hasil penelitian ternyata bahwasanya konsep nilai Ta’aruf muli mekahanai dalam acara perkawinan saibatin pandangan islam dari berbagai hukum tergolong mubah atau Syubhat karena pada acara muli mekanai proses pelaksanaan nya diawasi oleh pihak ketiga yaitu Masyarakat. Kegiatan yang dilakukan nya pun tidak melanggar aturan Syar’i bahkan sangat mendidik para generasi muda mudi bekerjasama bersama masyarakat. Sistem perkenalan yang dilakukan nyambai muli mekhanai patut untuk diapresiasi selain sesuai denga sistem ta’aruf juga dapat mengganti kebiasaan pacaran yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan saat ini. Oleh karena itu, islam mengatur masalah perkenalan dengan amat terperinci dan sangat jelas, untuk membawa ummat islam atau ummat manusia hidup secara terhormat, sesuai dengan kedudukan nya yang sangat mulia diantara makhluk ciptaan Allah yang lai

PERANCANGAN JEMBATAN RANGKA BAJA TIPE (WARREN TRUSS) MUARA BELITI BENTANG 80 M KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

Pembangunan Jembatan Muara Beliti Kabupaten Musi Rawas Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dibangun untuk membantu jembatan lama yang terlalu kecil, meningkatkan kapasitas pengguna jembatan, pertumbuhan masyarakat meningkat dan juga adanya aliran sungai yang memisahkan suatu ruas jalan antara desa. Didalam merencanakan jembatan ini, hal-hal yang menjadi acuan dalam perencanaan meliputi perhitungan sandaran, plat lantai kendaraan, trotoar, gelagar melintang, rangka utama, ikatan angin, plat injak, dinding sayap, abutment dan pondasi. Dari hasil perhitungan diatas maka Jembatan Muara Beliti Kabupaten Musi Rawas Provinsi Sumatera Selatan ini menggunakan pipa sandaran 3 inchi, ketebalan pelat lantai kendaraan 30 cm, trotoar dengan lebar 1 meter dan tinggi 0,25 meter, gelagar melintang menggunakan profil WF 700 x 300 x 15 x 28, batang diagonal ikatan angin atas menggunakan profil L 180 x 180 x 18, batang vertikal atas menggunakan profil WF 300 x 200 x 9 x 14, batang diagonal ikatan angin bawah digunakan profil L 90 x 90 x 9, plat injak ketebalan 30 cm, dinding sayap dengan tebal 0,30 m, tinggi 5,20 m dan lebar 3,50 m, abutment dengan lebar 4,50 m, panjang 11,80 m dan tinggi 6,00 m serta pondasi jenis tiang pancang diameter 600 mm. Pembangunan ini dilaksanakan dalam kurun waktu 143 hari dengan total biaya Rp. 13.050.000.000,00

Redox-responsive nano-self assemblies for targeted cancer therapeutics

Background: Despite significant advances in cancer therapeutics, it remains one of the leading causes of deaths due to poor response to available treatment modalities and drug resistance. Combination therapy has shown the potential to provide a synergistic therapeutic effect and to overcome drug resistance. However, smart delivery systems that can improve the bioavailability and the delivery of multiple hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs simultaneously at the tumor site without normal organ toxicity could be an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Methods: Here, a PEGylated drug-drug conjugate (CUR-PEG-S-S-CPT) have been successfully synthesized by conjugating two hydrophobic anti-cancer molecules, curcumin and camptothecin through an ester and a redox-sensitive disulfide linkage (-S-S-), respectively, with the PEG chain, via in situ two-step reaction. This amphiphilic polymeric-dual drug conjugate was characterized in the presence and absence of the tannic acid (TA, a physical crosslinker) using various in vitro biophysical, analytical, and functional bioassays. Results: The newly synthesized amphiphilic CUR-PEG-S-S-CPT polymer was found to spontaneously self-assembled in presence of tannic acid into anionic comparatively smaller sized stable nano-assemblies in water in comparison to parent conjugate, where the drug forms hydrophobic core of the particle with negative chirality and left-handed helical arrangement. TA, in addition to help forming stable nano-assemblies in water, it was able produce FRET pair in water between these two anticancer drugs. These nano-assemblies exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and antiproliferative effect in cancer cells (AsPC1 and SW480) in comparison to the individual drugs. Interestingly, our nanoassemblies showed preferential cleavage, breakdown and release of drugs in tumor-relevant redox environment leading to disappearance of the FRET signal, thus can be highly effective for targeted cancer treatment. Conclusions: Our promising in vitro results with novel redox stimuli-responsive (CUR-PEG-S-S-CPT) conjugate system in presence of TA can be a highly useful advanced theranostic platform for effective cancer treatment/management

Uma escola para a saúde

O livro apresenta os caminhos percorridos na direção da profissionalização e da especialização em saúde pública no Brasil, refletindo as influências e iniciativas nacionais e internacionais.na criação da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (Ensp), em 1954. Nesse laboratório de idéias em que se constituiu a Escola, formularam-se propostas que contribuíram para as grandes conquistas da saúde pública brasileira e que subsidiaram o processo de Reforma Sanitária, cujos resultados se expressam na constituição e no fortalecimento do SUS. Organizado em duas partes, na primeira é apresentado um texto narrativo sucinto sobre a Ensp, desde a sua criação até os anos recentes. A segunda, traz artigos sobre temas relevantes para o entendimento da história da Ensp e de seu papel na saúde pública contemporânea

Oral treatment with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain UFMG 905 modulates immune responses and interferes with signal pathways involved in the activation of inflammation in a murine model of typhoid fever

AbstractSalmonella spp. are Gram-negative, facultative, intracellular pathogens that cause several diarrheal diseases ranging from self-limiting gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. Previous results from our laboratory showed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain UFMG 905 isolated from ‘cachaça’ production presented probiotic properties due to its ability to protect against experimental infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. In this study, the effects of oral treatment with S. cerevisiae 905 were evaluated at the immunological level in a murine model of typhoid fever. Treatment with S. cerevisiae 905 inhibited weight loss and increased survival rate after Salmonella challenge. Immunological data demonstrated that S. cerevisiae 905 decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and modulated the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 and JNK, but not ERK1/2), NF-κB and AP-1, signaling pathways which are involved in the transcriptional activation of proinflammatory mediators. Experiments in germ-free mice revealed that probiotic effects were due, at least in part, to the binding of Salmonella to the yeast. In conclusion, S. cerevisiae 905 acts as a potential new biotherapy against S. Typhimurium infection due to its ability to bind bacteria and modulate signaling pathways involved in the activation of inflammation in a murine model of typhoid fever

The effect of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis: design of a long-term randomised clinical trial [ISRCTN54513166]

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) can be divided into two groups: symptom-modifying drugs and disease-modifying drugs. Symptom-modifying drugs are currently the prescription of choice for patients with OA, as disease-modifying drugs are not yet available in usual care. However, there has recently been a lot of debate about glucosamine sulphate (GS), a biological agent that is thought to have both symptom-modifying and disease-modifying properties. This assumption has yet to be proved. The objective of this article is to present the design of a blind randomised clinical trial that examines the long-term symptom-modifying and disease-modifying effectiveness of GS in patients with hip OA. This trial is ongoing and will finish in March 2006. METHODS/DESIGN: Patients with hip OA meeting the ACR-criteria are randomly allocated to either 1500 mg of oral GS or placebo for the duration of two years. The primary outcome measures, which are joint space narrowing (JSN), and change in the pain and function score of the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), are determined at baseline and after two years of follow-up during the final assessment. Intermediate measures at three-month intervals throughout the trial are used to study secondary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures are changes in WOMAC stiffness score, quality of life, medical consumption, side effects and differences in biomarker CTX-II

Factors Associated with Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 from a Hospital in Northern Peru

We aimed to identify the factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 from the hospitalization service of the Cayetano Heredia Hospital, Piura, Peru, from May to June 2020. A prospective study was conducted in hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 through serological and/or molecular reactive testing. The dependent variable was death due to COVID-19, and the independent variables were the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patient. The chi-square test and the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test were used, with a significance level of 5%. Of 301 patients with COVID-19, the majority of them were male (66.1%), and the mean age was 58.63 years. Of the patients analyzed, 41.3% of them died, 40.2% of them were obese and 59.8% of them had hepatic steatosis. The three most frequent signs/symptoms were dyspnea (90.03%), fatigue (90.03%) and a cough (84.72%). Being an older adult (p = 0.011), being hospitalized in the ICU (p = 0.001), overweight (p = 0.016), obese (p = 0.021) and having compromised consciousness (p = 0.039) and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.024) were associated with mortality due to COVID-19. Overall, the mortality rate due to COVID-19 was 41.3%. Having an older age, being hospitalized in the ICU, overweight, obese and having compromised consciousness and thrombocytopenia were positively associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19. These findings highlight the need to establish an adequate system of surveillance and epidemiological education in hospitals and communities in the event of new outbreaks, especially in rural and northern Peru