The Association between Depression, Anxiety and Clinical Outcomes for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To evaluate the impact of depression and/or anxiety on clinical outcomes of diabetes, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HgA1c), blood glucose, blood pressure, total cholesterol, weight and LDL among patients with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method: A retrospective cohort study utilizing electronic medical record (EMR) data from a primary care physician (PCP) group practice was conducted to identify patients newly diagnosed with T2DM with at least 6 months pre-diagnosis and 12 months post-diagnosis of EMR data using International Classification of Disease 9th edition Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) coding. The presence of comorbid depression and anxiety was identified to identify four cohorts: (1) patients with T2DM only, (2) patients with T2DM and depression, (3) patients with T2DM and anxiety, and (4) patients with T2DM and depression and anxiety. Data regarding patients’ demographic, clinical characteristics, lab results and medication utilization during the first year following diagnosis of T2DM (the index date) were gathered. Analyses included comparison of patients’ demographics and clinical characteristics (using matching), evaluation of clinical outcomes of diabetes with regard to mental illness diagnosis, and examination of mental illness treatment and mental illness severity. Finally, factors predicting HgA1c goal attainment were assessed via the use of a logistic regression model. Result: The inclusion/exclusion criteria led to a study sample of 1822 T2DM patients amongst whom 1410 had T2DM only, 148 had T2DM and concomitant depression, 215 had T2DM and concomitant anxiety, 49 had T2DM and both depression and anxiety. Significant reductions in HgA1c occurred across all four groups from baseline to follow-up (p Conclusion: The findings suggest that comorbid depression and/or anxiety have limited singular influence upon clinical outcomes of diabetes among patients with T2DM. Further work should examine additional clinical outcomes for diabetes and model the influence of demographic and clinical contributors to these outcomes. Limitations of the study include generalizability, degree of missing data, lack of information on other potentially influential predictors, misclassification bias and reliability of coding utilized to isolate study sample

A Study of English Translation of Colloquial Expressions in Two Translations of Jamalzadeh: Once Upon a Time and Isfahan Is Half the World

The purpose of this study was to explore the translation of one of the sub-categories of culture-bound items that is colloquial and slang expressions from Persian to English in two works by Jamalzadeh, Yeki Bud, Yeki Nabud translated by Moayyed & Sprachman and Sar o Tah e Yek Karbas translated by Heston. Applying Newmark’s (1988b) framework, the type and frequency of translation procedures applied by translators as well as the effectiveness of the translators in preserving the level of colloquialism of source texts were determined. The results of this descriptive study revealed that the translators had applied 6 procedures: synonymy (%51), paraphrase (%26.5), literal (%8.5), descriptive equivalent (%2.5 ), couplet (%2) , shift (%1), omission (%5) and mistranslation (%3.5). As for maintaining the informal style of the source texts, the co-translators of the book of Yeki, Sprachman (native English translator) and Moayyed (native Persian translator) have been more consistent and successful in preserving the tone of the original text than Heston (native English translator of Sar). This success can be partly justified by the acquaintance of Moayyed with Persian language and culture making the correct recognition and translation of expressions possible

The Impact of Educational Justice on Students’ Academic Burnout in the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran

Background & Objective: The equality and educational justice in educational environment can be effective in students' morale and academic performance. The aim of present study was considering the impact of educational justice on students’ academic burnout. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study. The sample included 210 students of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran, selected by non-probability quota sampling. Research instruments included Educational Justice (Golparvar, 2010) and Academic Burnout (Berso et al, 1997) Questionnaires, both had desirable reliability and validity. Results: There was no significant difference between the male and female students' perceptions of educational justice in the university. In addition, there was no significant difference between male and female students in the level of academic burnout. Improve educational justice reduced burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, apathy and inefficiency of school education). Conclusion: Based on the results, improve educational justice can be associated with lower rates of student’s academic burnout. Thus, university authorities should consider creating equal educational opportunities. Keywords Educational justice Academic burnout Student

A Study of the Relationship between Qualities of learning Experience and Development of Students' Futures Research Ability

Background & Objective: One of the tasks of university is the empowerment of students in various areas such as recognizing the future that be affected by the quality of their learning experiences. Thus, the aim of present study was considering the association between qualities of learning experiences and development of students' futures research ability. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive–analytical study. The sample size included 223 student of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences in University of Tehran who were selected by non-probability quota sampling. Research instruments included quality of learning experiences questionnaires (Newman, 1999) and ability of future research questionnaire (Parsa et al., 2011). Both questionnaires have desirable reliability and validity. Results: The results showed that that the qualities of learning experience and the ability of future research of most students is moderate. In addition, from dimensions of the quality of learning experiences, flexibility of learning content and student teacher relationships have the significant positive correlation with the ability of futures research students. Conclusion: Based on the results, the quality of learning experiences has correlation with students' futures research. Thus, improve the quality of student learning experience and develop capabilities future studies should be considered by the university. Keywords Quality of learning experience Futures research University student

Genetically modified Pichia pastoris, a powerful resistant factory for gold and palladium bioleaching and nanostructure heavy metal biosynthesis

A metal-resistant engineered Pichia pastoris was developed here to fulfil the metal bioleaching in aqueous conditions. Parent and recombinant yeasts were grown in YPD medium containing different concentrations of ion metals. XRD, electron microscopy and particle size analyser were used for the characterisation and the nanoparticle analyses. The nanoparticle production kinetics were studied by ICP-OES. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was assayed against human cell lines. Media colours changed to a range from purplish-brown to grey during early fermentation stages. The maximum biosorption capacities were recorded 81.23 and 493.35 mg/g for gold and palladium in batch conditions, respectively. Various physical investigations proved monodispersed spherical nanoparticles around 100 nm in size. Pure palladium nanoparticles and PdCl2 represented the least cytotoxic potency towards T47D and EPG85.257 cells. The results demonstrated that the genetically modified yeast is a cost-effective, high-throughput, robust, and facile system for metal biosorption. KEYWORDS: Biosorption; bioleaching; gold; palladium nanoparticle; recombinant Pichia pastori

Efficacy of Different Ibuprofen Formulations with Two Prescription Methods on Post Endodontic Pain of Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Pain management during root canal therapy and after that is of great importance in endodontics. This study aimed to compare the effect of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); ibuprofen and ibuprofen lysine with two methods of prescription on pain after single-visit root canal treatment of first and second mandibular molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: This randomized study recruited subjects experiencing moderate to severe pain from a tooth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (n = 120). Subjects were randomized to receive 400 mg ibuprofen acid or 400 mg ibuprofen lysine regularly or on demand. The primary objective was to measure changes in pain scores at post-operative time frames of 6, 12, 18, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the root canal treatment on a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS).  Independent T-test, Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis Test and Friedman Test were used to analyze the data. Results:  Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed a significant difference in NRS score between on-demand ibuprofen group and regular ibuprofen group and also between regular ibuprofen lysine group and regular ibuprofen group at 6 hours after the treatment (P<0.05). But no remarkable difference was observed in the recorded mean pain intensity of four study groups in the other time frames (P>0.05). Conclusions: Based on this randomized clinical trial, there was no significant difference in the pain intensity of patients using ibuprofen and ibuprofen lysine. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the degree of pain between the on-demand and regular groups, despite the fact that patients in the on-demand group used less medications. Due to the multiple negative effects of NSAIDs, it would be wise to prescribe ibuprofen on demand

EDTA-Modified Mesoporous Silica as Supra Absorbent of Copper Ions with Novel Approach as an Antidote Agent in Copper Toxicity

Purpose: Mesoporous silica (MS) have been considered as a biocompatible compound and found to have various pharmaceutical applications. Recently, novel approaches in applications of MS as antidote agents were introduced. In this study, the capacity of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid modified mesoporous silica (MS-EDTA) was evaluated in in vitro and in vivo adsorption of copper (Cu). Methods: The MS-EDTA was characterized by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction, while surface area was determined by N2 adsorption–desorption technique. Morphological studies were observed by high resolution-transmission electron microscopy and field emission-scanning electron microscopy and the sizes were determined by dynamic light scattering. The capacity of these particles for copper adsorption was investigated in vitro in both 1.2 and 7.2 pH. In in vivo animal study, the Cu adsorption efficiency of MS-EDTA in Cu-overdosed mice was evaluated. In this case, an animal model of acute copper poisoning was prepared. Results: The MS-EDTA with surface area of 352.35 was synthesized. Scanning electron microscope showed spherical particle formation with less than 500 nm in size. Transmission electron microscope images showed porous and honeycomb structure. FT-IR spectroscopy showed an appropriate formation of functional groups. Particle efficiency was investigated for Cu adsorption. MS-EDTA in both media showed a high adsorption capability for Cu (II) adsorption in pH=1.2 and pH=7.2. In addition, the study of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson adsorption models showed that copper adsorption by MS-EDTA followed the Freundlich model with multi-layer adsorption. In vivo evaluation showed that MS-EDTA could alleviate the symptoms of acute copper poisoning by lowering Cu plasma levels. Conclusion: Structural evaluation showed successful formation of MS-EDTA. In vitro analysis demonstrated that supreme Cu adsorption occurs in both pH conditions (7.2 and 1.2), and was especially more favorable in simulated intestinal pH (7.2). The in vivo studies in animal models with acute Cu poisoning showed that MS-EDTA could be a potent antidote agent

Correlation between Reactive Aggression in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children and Maternal Self-Handicapping: The Mediating Role of Maternal Chronic Fatigue

Background: Stress and mental pressure in challenging situations, particularly those involving deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children, can profoundly impact mothers. This research investigated the mediating role of maternal chronic fatigue (CF) in the relationship between reactive aggression in DHH children and maternal self-handicapping.Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlational research design. The statistical population of this research included all mothers and their DHH elementary school children studying at special education centers in Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran, during the academic year 2022–2023. The convenience sampling method was used to select a sample of 202 mothers with DHH children. Data collection involved the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Scale, Self-Handicapping Questionnaire, and Chalder Fatigue Scale. Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling with AMOS version 24 and SPSS version 27.Results: The mean and standard deviation of DHH children’s reactive aggression, maternal self-handicapping, and chronic fatigue were 20.37±4.84, 54.55±11.16, and 21.47±6.12, respectively. The results revealed a significant correlation between selfhandicapping and CF in mothers and between CF in mothers and reactive aggression in children (P=0.001). Reactive aggression in DHH children was significantly correlated with their mothers’ self-handicapping, mediated by maternal CF (P=0.010). The analysis did not yield statistically significant evidence supporting the correlation between maternal self-handicapping tendencies and their children’s reactive aggression. Based on the results, the model’s fit indices, including NFI, CFI, TLI, RFI, and RMSEA, were 0.98, 0.99, 0.99, 0.97, and 0.022, respectively.Conclusion: Consequently, the final modified model exhibited a good fit based on the research findings. Analyzing these correlations presents an opportunity to discern the factors contributing to reactive aggression in DHH children, thereby facilitating the development of appropriate therapeutic interventions